python-docs-fr/library/io.po

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#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:2
msgid ":mod:`io` --- Core tools for working with streams"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:15
msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/io.py`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:22
msgid "Overview"
msgstr "Aperçu"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:27
msgid ""
"The :mod:`io` module provides Python's main facilities for dealing with "
"various types of I/O.  There are three main types of I/O: *text I/O*, "
"*binary I/O* and *raw I/O*.  These are generic categories, and various "
"backing stores can be used for each of them.  A concrete object belonging to "
"any of these categories is called a :term:`file object`.  Other common terms "
"are *stream* and *file-like object*."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:34
msgid ""
"Independently of its category, each concrete stream object will also have "
"various capabilities: it can be read-only, write-only, or read-write. It can "
"also allow arbitrary random access (seeking forwards or backwards to any "
"location), or only sequential access (for example in the case of a socket or "
"pipe)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:40
msgid ""
"All streams are careful about the type of data you give to them.  For "
"example giving a :class:`str` object to the ``write()`` method of a binary "
"stream will raise a ``TypeError``.  So will giving a :class:`bytes` object "
"to the ``write()`` method of a text stream."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:45
msgid ""
"Operations that used to raise :exc:`IOError` now raise :exc:`OSError`, "
"since :exc:`IOError` is now an alias of :exc:`OSError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:51 ../Doc/library/io.rst:746 ../Doc/library/io.rst:976
msgid "Text I/O"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:53
msgid ""
"Text I/O expects and produces :class:`str` objects.  This means that "
"whenever the backing store is natively made of bytes (such as in the case of "
"a file), encoding and decoding of data is made transparently as well as "
"optional translation of platform-specific newline characters."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:58
msgid ""
"The easiest way to create a text stream is with :meth:`open()`, optionally "
"specifying an encoding::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:63
msgid ""
"In-memory text streams are also available as :class:`StringIO` objects::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:67
msgid ""
"The text stream API is described in detail in the documentation of :class:"
"`TextIOBase`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:72 ../Doc/library/io.rst:964
msgid "Binary I/O"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:74
msgid ""
"Binary I/O (also called *buffered I/O*) expects :term:`bytes-like objects "
"<bytes-like object>` and produces :class:`bytes` objects.  No encoding, "
"decoding, or newline translation is performed.  This category of streams can "
"be used for all kinds of non-text data, and also when manual control over "
"the handling of text data is desired."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:80
msgid ""
"The easiest way to create a binary stream is with :meth:`open()` with "
"``'b'`` in the mode string::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:85
msgid ""
"In-memory binary streams are also available as :class:`BytesIO` objects::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:89
msgid ""
"The binary stream API is described in detail in the docs of :class:"
"`BufferedIOBase`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:92
msgid ""
"Other library modules may provide additional ways to create text or binary "
"streams.  See :meth:`socket.socket.makefile` for example."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:97
msgid "Raw I/O"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:99
msgid ""
"Raw I/O (also called *unbuffered I/O*) is generally used as a low-level "
"building-block for binary and text streams; it is rarely useful to directly "
"manipulate a raw stream from user code.  Nevertheless, you can create a raw "
"stream by opening a file in binary mode with buffering disabled::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:106
msgid ""
"The raw stream API is described in detail in the docs of :class:`RawIOBase`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:110
msgid "High-level Module Interface"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:114
msgid ""
"An int containing the default buffer size used by the module's buffered I/O "
"classes.  :func:`open` uses the file's blksize (as obtained by :func:`os."
"stat`) if possible."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:121
msgid "This is an alias for the builtin :func:`open` function."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:126
msgid ""
"This is a compatibility alias for the builtin :exc:`BlockingIOError` "
"exception."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:132
msgid ""
"An exception inheriting :exc:`OSError` and :exc:`ValueError` that is raised "
"when an unsupported operation is called on a stream."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:137
msgid "In-memory streams"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:139
msgid ""
"It is also possible to use a :class:`str` or :term:`bytes-like object` as a "
"file for both reading and writing.  For strings :class:`StringIO` can be "
"used like a file opened in text mode.  :class:`BytesIO` can be used like a "
"file opened in binary mode.  Both provide full read-write capabilities with "
"random access."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:149
msgid ":mod:`sys`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:149
msgid ""
"contains the standard IO streams: :data:`sys.stdin`, :data:`sys.stdout`, "
"and :data:`sys.stderr`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:154
msgid "Class hierarchy"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:156
msgid ""
"The implementation of I/O streams is organized as a hierarchy of classes.  "
"First :term:`abstract base classes <abstract base class>` (ABCs), which are "
"used to specify the various categories of streams, then concrete classes "
"providing the standard stream implementations."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:163
msgid ""
"The abstract base classes also provide default implementations of some "
"methods in order to help implementation of concrete stream classes.  For "
"example, :class:`BufferedIOBase` provides unoptimized implementations of :"
"meth:`~IOBase.readinto` and :meth:`~IOBase.readline`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:168
msgid ""
"At the top of the I/O hierarchy is the abstract base class :class:`IOBase`.  "
"It defines the basic interface to a stream.  Note, however, that there is no "
"separation between reading and writing to streams; implementations are "
"allowed to raise :exc:`UnsupportedOperation` if they do not support a given "
"operation."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:173
msgid ""
"The :class:`RawIOBase` ABC extends :class:`IOBase`.  It deals with the "
"reading and writing of bytes to a stream.  :class:`FileIO` subclasses :class:"
"`RawIOBase` to provide an interface to files in the machine's file system."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:177
msgid ""
"The :class:`BufferedIOBase` ABC deals with buffering on a raw byte stream (:"
"class:`RawIOBase`).  Its subclasses, :class:`BufferedWriter`, :class:"
"`BufferedReader`, and :class:`BufferedRWPair` buffer streams that are "
"readable, writable, and both readable and writable.  :class:`BufferedRandom` "
"provides a buffered interface to random access streams.  Another :class:"
"`BufferedIOBase` subclass, :class:`BytesIO`, is a stream of in-memory bytes."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:185
msgid ""
"The :class:`TextIOBase` ABC, another subclass of :class:`IOBase`, deals with "
"streams whose bytes represent text, and handles encoding and decoding to and "
"from strings. :class:`TextIOWrapper`, which extends it, is a buffered text "
"interface to a buffered raw stream (:class:`BufferedIOBase`). Finally, :"
"class:`StringIO` is an in-memory stream for text."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:191
msgid ""
"Argument names are not part of the specification, and only the arguments of :"
"func:`open` are intended to be used as keyword arguments."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:194
msgid ""
"The following table summarizes the ABCs provided by the :mod:`io` module:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:199
msgid "ABC"
msgstr "ABC"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:199
msgid "Inherits"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:199
msgid "Stub Methods"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:199
msgid "Mixin Methods and Properties"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:201 ../Doc/library/io.rst:206
#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:208 ../Doc/library/io.rst:210
msgid ":class:`IOBase`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:201
msgid "``fileno``, ``seek``, and ``truncate``"
msgstr "``fileno``, ``seek``, et ``truncate``"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:201
msgid ""
"``close``, ``closed``, ``__enter__``, ``__exit__``, ``flush``, ``isatty``, "
"``__iter__``, ``__next__``, ``readable``, ``readline``, ``readlines``, "
"``seekable``, ``tell``, ``writable``, and ``writelines``"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:206
msgid ":class:`RawIOBase`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:206
msgid "``readinto`` and ``write``"
msgstr "``readinto`` et ``write``"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:206
msgid "Inherited :class:`IOBase` methods, ``read``, and ``readall``"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:208
msgid ":class:`BufferedIOBase`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:208
msgid "``detach``, ``read``, ``read1``, and ``write``"
msgstr "``detach``, ``read``, ``read1``, et ``write``"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:208
msgid "Inherited :class:`IOBase` methods, ``readinto``, and ``readinto1``"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:210
msgid ":class:`TextIOBase`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:210
msgid "``detach``, ``read``, ``readline``, and ``write``"
msgstr "``detach``, ``read``, ``readline``, et ``write``"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:210
msgid ""
"Inherited :class:`IOBase` methods, ``encoding``, ``errors``, and ``newlines``"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:217
msgid "I/O Base Classes"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:221
msgid ""
"The abstract base class for all I/O classes, acting on streams of bytes. "
"There is no public constructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:224
msgid ""
"This class provides empty abstract implementations for many methods that "
"derived classes can override selectively; the default implementations "
"represent a file that cannot be read, written or seeked."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:229
msgid ""
"Even though :class:`IOBase` does not declare :meth:`read`, :meth:`readinto`, "
"or :meth:`write` because their signatures will vary, implementations and "
"clients should consider those methods part of the interface.  Also, "
"implementations may raise a :exc:`ValueError` (or :exc:"
"`UnsupportedOperation`) when operations they do not support are called."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:235
msgid ""
"The basic type used for binary data read from or written to a file is :class:"
"`bytes`.  Other :term:`bytes-like objects <bytes-like object>` are accepted "
"as method arguments too.  In some cases, such as :meth:`~RawIOBase."
"readinto`, a writable object such as :class:`bytearray` is required.  Text I/"
"O classes work with :class:`str` data."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:241
msgid ""
"Note that calling any method (even inquiries) on a closed stream is "
"undefined.  Implementations may raise :exc:`ValueError` in this case."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:244
msgid ""
":class:`IOBase` (and its subclasses) supports the iterator protocol, meaning "
"that an :class:`IOBase` object can be iterated over yielding the lines in a "
"stream.  Lines are defined slightly differently depending on whether the "
"stream is a binary stream (yielding bytes), or a text stream (yielding "
"character strings).  See :meth:`~IOBase.readline` below."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:250
msgid ""
":class:`IOBase` is also a context manager and therefore supports the :"
"keyword:`with` statement.  In this example, *file* is closed after the :"
"keyword:`with` statement's suite is finished---even if an exception occurs::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:257
msgid ":class:`IOBase` provides these data attributes and methods:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:261
msgid ""
"Flush and close this stream. This method has no effect if the file is "
"already closed. Once the file is closed, any operation on the file (e.g. "
"reading or writing) will raise a :exc:`ValueError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:265
msgid ""
"As a convenience, it is allowed to call this method more than once; only the "
"first call, however, will have an effect."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:270
msgid "``True`` if the stream is closed."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:274
msgid ""
"Return the underlying file descriptor (an integer) of the stream if it "
"exists.  An :exc:`OSError` is raised if the IO object does not use a file "
"descriptor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:280
msgid ""
"Flush the write buffers of the stream if applicable.  This does nothing for "
"read-only and non-blocking streams."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:285
msgid ""
"Return ``True`` if the stream is interactive (i.e., connected to a terminal/"
"tty device)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:290
msgid ""
"Return ``True`` if the stream can be read from.  If ``False``, :meth:`read` "
"will raise :exc:`OSError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:295
msgid ""
"Read and return one line from the stream.  If *size* is specified, at most "
"*size* bytes will be read."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:298
msgid ""
"The line terminator is always ``b'\\n'`` for binary files; for text files, "
"the *newline* argument to :func:`open` can be used to select the line "
"terminator(s) recognized."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:304
msgid ""
"Read and return a list of lines from the stream.  *hint* can be specified to "
"control the number of lines read: no more lines will be read if the total "
"size (in bytes/characters) of all lines so far exceeds *hint*."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:308
msgid ""
"Note that it's already possible to iterate on file objects using ``for line "
"in file: ...`` without calling ``file.readlines()``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:313
msgid ""
"Change the stream position to the given byte *offset*.  *offset* is "
"interpreted relative to the position indicated by *whence*.  The default "
"value for *whence* is :data:`SEEK_SET`.  Values for *whence* are:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:317
msgid ""
":data:`SEEK_SET` or ``0`` -- start of the stream (the default); *offset* "
"should be zero or positive"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:319
msgid ""
":data:`SEEK_CUR` or ``1`` -- current stream position; *offset* may be "
"negative"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:321
msgid ""
":data:`SEEK_END` or ``2`` -- end of the stream; *offset* is usually negative"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:324
msgid "Return the new absolute position."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:326 ../Doc/library/io.rst:823
msgid "The ``SEEK_*`` constants."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:329
msgid ""
"Some operating systems could support additional values, like :data:`os."
"SEEK_HOLE` or :data:`os.SEEK_DATA`. The valid values for a file could depend "
"on it being open in text or binary mode."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:336
msgid ""
"Return ``True`` if the stream supports random access.  If ``False``, :meth:"
"`seek`, :meth:`tell` and :meth:`truncate` will raise :exc:`OSError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:341
msgid "Return the current stream position."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:345
msgid ""
"Resize the stream to the given *size* in bytes (or the current position if "
"*size* is not specified).  The current stream position isn't changed. This "
"resizing can extend or reduce the current file size.  In case of extension, "
"the contents of the new file area depend on the platform (on most systems, "
"additional bytes are zero-filled).  The new file size is returned."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:352
msgid "Windows will now zero-fill files when extending."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:357
msgid ""
"Return ``True`` if the stream supports writing.  If ``False``, :meth:`write` "
"and :meth:`truncate` will raise :exc:`OSError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:362
msgid ""
"Write a list of lines to the stream.  Line separators are not added, so it "
"is usual for each of the lines provided to have a line separator at the end."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:368
msgid ""
"Prepare for object destruction. :class:`IOBase` provides a default "
"implementation of this method that calls the instance's :meth:`~IOBase."
"close` method."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:375
msgid ""
"Base class for raw binary I/O.  It inherits :class:`IOBase`.  There is no "
"public constructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:378
msgid ""
"Raw binary I/O typically provides low-level access to an underlying OS "
"device or API, and does not try to encapsulate it in high-level primitives "
"(this is left to Buffered I/O and Text I/O, described later in this page)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:382
msgid ""
"In addition to the attributes and methods from :class:`IOBase`, :class:"
"`RawIOBase` provides the following methods:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:387
msgid ""
"Read up to *size* bytes from the object and return them.  As a convenience, "
"if *size* is unspecified or -1, all bytes until EOF are returned. Otherwise, "
"only one system call is ever made.  Fewer than *size* bytes may be returned "
"if the operating system call returns fewer than *size* bytes."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:392
msgid ""
"If 0 bytes are returned, and *size* was not 0, this indicates end of file. "
"If the object is in non-blocking mode and no bytes are available, ``None`` "
"is returned."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:396
msgid ""
"The default implementation defers to :meth:`readall` and :meth:`readinto`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:401
msgid ""
"Read and return all the bytes from the stream until EOF, using multiple "
"calls to the stream if necessary."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:406
msgid ""
"Read bytes into a pre-allocated, writable :term:`bytes-like object` *b*, and "
"return the number of bytes read.  If the object is in non-blocking mode and "
"no bytes are available, ``None`` is returned."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:413
msgid ""
"Write the given :term:`bytes-like object`, *b*, to the underlying raw "
"stream, and return the number of bytes written.  This can be less than the "
"length of *b* in bytes, depending on specifics of the underlying raw stream, "
"and especially if it is in non-blocking mode.  ``None`` is returned if the "
"raw stream is set not to block and no single byte could be readily written "
"to it.  The caller may release or mutate *b* after this method returns, so "
"the implementation should only access *b* during the method call."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:426
msgid ""
"Base class for binary streams that support some kind of buffering. It "
"inherits :class:`IOBase`. There is no public constructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:429
msgid ""
"The main difference with :class:`RawIOBase` is that methods :meth:`read`, :"
"meth:`readinto` and :meth:`write` will try (respectively) to read as much "
"input as requested or to consume all given output, at the expense of making "
"perhaps more than one system call."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:434
msgid ""
"In addition, those methods can raise :exc:`BlockingIOError` if the "
"underlying raw stream is in non-blocking mode and cannot take or give enough "
"data; unlike their :class:`RawIOBase` counterparts, they will never return "
"``None``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:439
msgid ""
"Besides, the :meth:`read` method does not have a default implementation that "
"defers to :meth:`readinto`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:442
msgid ""
"A typical :class:`BufferedIOBase` implementation should not inherit from a :"
"class:`RawIOBase` implementation, but wrap one, like :class:`BufferedWriter` "
"and :class:`BufferedReader` do."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:446
msgid ""
":class:`BufferedIOBase` provides or overrides these methods and attribute in "
"addition to those from :class:`IOBase`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:451
msgid ""
"The underlying raw stream (a :class:`RawIOBase` instance) that :class:"
"`BufferedIOBase` deals with.  This is not part of the :class:"
"`BufferedIOBase` API and may not exist on some implementations."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:457
msgid "Separate the underlying raw stream from the buffer and return it."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:459
msgid ""
"After the raw stream has been detached, the buffer is in an unusable state."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:462
msgid ""
"Some buffers, like :class:`BytesIO`, do not have the concept of a single raw "
"stream to return from this method.  They raise :exc:`UnsupportedOperation`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:470
msgid ""
"Read and return up to *size* bytes.  If the argument is omitted, ``None``, "
"or negative, data is read and returned until EOF is reached.  An empty :"
"class:`bytes` object is returned if the stream is already at EOF."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:474
msgid ""
"If the argument is positive, and the underlying raw stream is not "
"interactive, multiple raw reads may be issued to satisfy the byte count "
"(unless EOF is reached first).  But for interactive raw streams, at most one "
"raw read will be issued, and a short result does not imply that EOF is "
"imminent."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:480 ../Doc/library/io.rst:499
#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:509
msgid ""
"A :exc:`BlockingIOError` is raised if the underlying raw stream is in non "
"blocking-mode, and has no data available at the moment."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:485
msgid ""
"Read and return up to *size* bytes, with at most one call to the underlying "
"raw stream's :meth:`~RawIOBase.read` (or :meth:`~RawIOBase.readinto`) "
"method.  This can be useful if you are implementing your own buffering on "
"top of a :class:`BufferedIOBase` object."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:493
msgid ""
"Read bytes into a pre-allocated, writable :term:`bytes-like object` *b* and "
"return the number of bytes read."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:496
msgid ""
"Like :meth:`read`, multiple reads may be issued to the underlying raw "
"stream, unless the latter is interactive."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:504
msgid ""
"Read bytes into a pre-allocated, writable :term:`bytes-like object` *b*, "
"using at most one call to the underlying raw stream's :meth:`~RawIOBase."
"read` (or :meth:`~RawIOBase.readinto`) method. Return the number of bytes "
"read."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:516
msgid ""
"Write the given :term:`bytes-like object`, *b*, and return the number of "
"bytes written (always equal to the length of *b* in bytes, since if the "
"write fails an :exc:`OSError` will be raised).  Depending on the actual "
"implementation, these bytes may be readily written to the underlying stream, "
"or held in a buffer for performance and latency reasons."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:523
msgid ""
"When in non-blocking mode, a :exc:`BlockingIOError` is raised if the data "
"needed to be written to the raw stream but it couldn't accept all the data "
"without blocking."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:527
msgid ""
"The caller may release or mutate *b* after this method returns, so the "
"implementation should only access *b* during the method call."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:532
msgid "Raw File I/O"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:536
msgid ""
":class:`FileIO` represents an OS-level file containing bytes data. It "
"implements the :class:`RawIOBase` interface (and therefore the :class:"
"`IOBase` interface, too)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:540
msgid "The *name* can be one of two things:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:542
msgid ""
"a character string or :class:`bytes` object representing the path to the "
"file which will be opened. In this case closefd must be ``True`` (the "
"default) otherwise an error will be raised."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:545
msgid ""
"an integer representing the number of an existing OS-level file descriptor "
"to which the resulting :class:`FileIO` object will give access. When the "
"FileIO object is closed this fd will be closed as well, unless *closefd* is "
"set to ``False``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:550
msgid ""
"The *mode* can be ``'r'``, ``'w'``, ``'x'`` or ``'a'`` for reading "
"(default), writing, exclusive creation or appending. The file will be "
"created if it doesn't exist when opened for writing or appending; it will be "
"truncated when opened for writing. :exc:`FileExistsError` will be raised if "
"it already exists when opened for creating. Opening a file for creating "
"implies writing, so this mode behaves in a similar way to ``'w'``. Add a "
"``'+'`` to the mode to allow simultaneous reading and writing."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:558
msgid ""
"The :meth:`read` (when called with a positive argument), :meth:`readinto` "
"and :meth:`write` methods on this class will only make one system call."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:561
msgid ""
"A custom opener can be used by passing a callable as *opener*. The "
"underlying file descriptor for the file object is then obtained by calling "
"*opener* with (*name*, *flags*). *opener* must return an open file "
"descriptor (passing :mod:`os.open` as *opener* results in functionality "
"similar to passing ``None``)."
msgstr ""
"Un *opener* personnalisé peut être utilisé en fournissant un appelable à "
"*opener*. Le descripteur de fichier de cet objet fichier sera alors obtenu "
"en appelant *opener* avec (*file*, *flags*). *opener* doit donner un "
"descripteur de fichier ouvert (fournir :mod:`os.open` en temps qu'*opener* "
"aura le même effet que donner ``None``)."

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:567
msgid "The newly created file is :ref:`non-inheritable <fd_inheritance>`."
msgstr ""
"Il n'est :ref:`pas possible d'hériter du fichier <fd_inheritance>` "
"nouvellement créé."

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:569
msgid ""
"See the :func:`open` built-in function for examples on using the *opener* "
"parameter."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:572
msgid "The *opener* parameter was added. The ``'x'`` mode was added."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:576
msgid "The file is now non-inheritable."
msgstr "Il n'est plus possible d'hériter de *file*."

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:579
msgid ""
"In addition to the attributes and methods from :class:`IOBase` and :class:"
"`RawIOBase`, :class:`FileIO` provides the following data attributes:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:585
msgid "The mode as given in the constructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:589
msgid ""
"The file name.  This is the file descriptor of the file when no name is "
"given in the constructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:594
msgid "Buffered Streams"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:596
msgid ""
"Buffered I/O streams provide a higher-level interface to an I/O device than "
"raw I/O does."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:601
msgid ""
"A stream implementation using an in-memory bytes buffer.  It inherits :class:"
"`BufferedIOBase`.  The buffer is discarded when the :meth:`~IOBase.close` "
"method is called."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:605
msgid ""
"The optional argument *initial_bytes* is a :term:`bytes-like object` that "
"contains initial data."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:608
msgid ""
":class:`BytesIO` provides or overrides these methods in addition to those "
"from :class:`BufferedIOBase` and :class:`IOBase`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:613
msgid ""
"Return a readable and writable view over the contents of the buffer without "
"copying them.  Also, mutating the view will transparently update the "
"contents of the buffer::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:624
msgid ""
"As long as the view exists, the :class:`BytesIO` object cannot be resized or "
"closed."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:631
msgid "Return :class:`bytes` containing the entire contents of the buffer."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:636
msgid "In :class:`BytesIO`, this is the same as :meth:`read`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:640
msgid "In :class:`BytesIO`, this is the same as :meth:`readinto`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:646
msgid ""
"A buffer providing higher-level access to a readable, sequential :class:"
"`RawIOBase` object.  It inherits :class:`BufferedIOBase`. When reading data "
"from this object, a larger amount of data may be requested from the "
"underlying raw stream, and kept in an internal buffer. The buffered data can "
"then be returned directly on subsequent reads."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:652
msgid ""
"The constructor creates a :class:`BufferedReader` for the given readable "
"*raw* stream and *buffer_size*.  If *buffer_size* is omitted, :data:"
"`DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE` is used."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:656
msgid ""
":class:`BufferedReader` provides or overrides these methods in addition to "
"those from :class:`BufferedIOBase` and :class:`IOBase`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:661
msgid ""
"Return bytes from the stream without advancing the position.  At most one "
"single read on the raw stream is done to satisfy the call. The number of "
"bytes returned may be less or more than requested."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:667
msgid ""
"Read and return *size* bytes, or if *size* is not given or negative, until "
"EOF or if the read call would block in non-blocking mode."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:672
msgid ""
"Read and return up to *size* bytes with only one call on the raw stream. If "
"at least one byte is buffered, only buffered bytes are returned. Otherwise, "
"one raw stream read call is made."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:679
msgid ""
"A buffer providing higher-level access to a writeable, sequential :class:"
"`RawIOBase` object.  It inherits :class:`BufferedIOBase`. When writing to "
"this object, data is normally placed into an internal buffer.  The buffer "
"will be written out to the underlying :class:`RawIOBase` object under "
"various conditions, including:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:685
msgid "when the buffer gets too small for all pending data;"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:686
msgid "when :meth:`flush()` is called;"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:687
msgid ""
"when a :meth:`seek()` is requested (for :class:`BufferedRandom` objects);"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:688
msgid "when the :class:`BufferedWriter` object is closed or destroyed."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:690
msgid ""
"The constructor creates a :class:`BufferedWriter` for the given writeable "
"*raw* stream.  If the *buffer_size* is not given, it defaults to :data:"
"`DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:694
msgid ""
":class:`BufferedWriter` provides or overrides these methods in addition to "
"those from :class:`BufferedIOBase` and :class:`IOBase`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:699
msgid ""
"Force bytes held in the buffer into the raw stream.  A :exc:"
"`BlockingIOError` should be raised if the raw stream blocks."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:704
msgid ""
"Write the :term:`bytes-like object`, *b*, and return the number of bytes "
"written.  When in non-blocking mode, a :exc:`BlockingIOError` is raised if "
"the buffer needs to be written out but the raw stream blocks."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:712
msgid ""
"A buffered interface to random access streams.  It inherits :class:"
"`BufferedReader` and :class:`BufferedWriter`, and further supports :meth:"
"`seek` and :meth:`tell` functionality."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:716
msgid ""
"The constructor creates a reader and writer for a seekable raw stream, given "
"in the first argument.  If the *buffer_size* is omitted it defaults to :data:"
"`DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:720
msgid ""
":class:`BufferedRandom` is capable of anything :class:`BufferedReader` or :"
"class:`BufferedWriter` can do."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:726
msgid ""
"A buffered I/O object combining two unidirectional :class:`RawIOBase` "
"objects -- one readable, the other writeable -- into a single bidirectional "
"endpoint.  It inherits :class:`BufferedIOBase`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:730
msgid ""
"*reader* and *writer* are :class:`RawIOBase` objects that are readable and "
"writeable respectively.  If the *buffer_size* is omitted it defaults to :"
"data:`DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:734
msgid ""
":class:`BufferedRWPair` implements all of :class:`BufferedIOBase`\\'s "
"methods except for :meth:`~BufferedIOBase.detach`, which raises :exc:"
"`UnsupportedOperation`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:740
msgid ""
":class:`BufferedRWPair` does not attempt to synchronize accesses to its "
"underlying raw streams.  You should not pass it the same object as reader "
"and writer; use :class:`BufferedRandom` instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:750
msgid ""
"Base class for text streams.  This class provides a character and line based "
"interface to stream I/O.  There is no :meth:`readinto` method because "
"Python's character strings are immutable.  It inherits :class:`IOBase`. "
"There is no public constructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:755
msgid ""
":class:`TextIOBase` provides or overrides these data attributes and methods "
"in addition to those from :class:`IOBase`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:760
msgid ""
"The name of the encoding used to decode the stream's bytes into strings, and "
"to encode strings into bytes."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:765
msgid "The error setting of the decoder or encoder."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:769
msgid ""
"A string, a tuple of strings, or ``None``, indicating the newlines "
"translated so far.  Depending on the implementation and the initial "
"constructor flags, this may not be available."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:775
msgid ""
"The underlying binary buffer (a :class:`BufferedIOBase` instance) that :"
"class:`TextIOBase` deals with.  This is not part of the :class:`TextIOBase` "
"API and may not exist in some implementations."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:781
msgid ""
"Separate the underlying binary buffer from the :class:`TextIOBase` and "
"return it."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:784
msgid ""
"After the underlying buffer has been detached, the :class:`TextIOBase` is in "
"an unusable state."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:787
msgid ""
"Some :class:`TextIOBase` implementations, like :class:`StringIO`, may not "
"have the concept of an underlying buffer and calling this method will raise :"
"exc:`UnsupportedOperation`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:795
msgid ""
"Read and return at most *size* characters from the stream as a single :class:"
"`str`.  If *size* is negative or ``None``, reads until EOF."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:800
msgid ""
"Read until newline or EOF and return a single ``str``.  If the stream is "
"already at EOF, an empty string is returned."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:803
msgid "If *size* is specified, at most *size* characters will be read."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:807
msgid ""
"Change the stream position to the given *offset*.  Behaviour depends on the "
"*whence* parameter.  The default value for *whence* is :data:`SEEK_SET`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:811
msgid ""
":data:`SEEK_SET` or ``0``: seek from the start of the stream (the default); "
"*offset* must either be a number returned by :meth:`TextIOBase.tell`, or "
"zero.  Any other *offset* value produces undefined behaviour."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:815
msgid ""
":data:`SEEK_CUR` or ``1``: \"seek\" to the current position; *offset* must "
"be zero, which is a no-operation (all other values are unsupported)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:818
msgid ""
":data:`SEEK_END` or ``2``: seek to the end of the stream; *offset* must be "
"zero (all other values are unsupported)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:821
msgid "Return the new absolute position as an opaque number."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:828
msgid ""
"Return the current stream position as an opaque number.  The number does not "
"usually represent a number of bytes in the underlying binary storage."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:834
msgid ""
"Write the string *s* to the stream and return the number of characters "
"written."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:841
msgid ""
"A buffered text stream over a :class:`BufferedIOBase` binary stream. It "
"inherits :class:`TextIOBase`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:844
msgid ""
"*encoding* gives the name of the encoding that the stream will be decoded or "
"encoded with.  It defaults to :func:`locale.getpreferredencoding(False) "
"<locale.getpreferredencoding>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:848
msgid ""
"*errors* is an optional string that specifies how encoding and decoding "
"errors are to be handled.  Pass ``'strict'`` to raise a :exc:`ValueError` "
"exception if there is an encoding error (the default of ``None`` has the "
"same effect), or pass ``'ignore'`` to ignore errors.  (Note that ignoring "
"encoding errors can lead to data loss.)  ``'replace'`` causes a replacement "
"marker (such as ``'?'``) to be inserted where there is malformed data. "
"``'backslashreplace'`` causes malformed data to be replaced by a backslashed "
"escape sequence.  When writing, ``'xmlcharrefreplace'`` (replace with the "
"appropriate XML character reference)  or ``'namereplace'`` (replace with ``"
"\\N{...}`` escape sequences) can be used.  Any other error handling name "
"that has been registered with :func:`codecs.register_error` is also valid."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:864
msgid ""
"*newline* controls how line endings are handled.  It can be ``None``, "
"``''``, ``'\\n'``, ``'\\r'``, and ``'\\r\\n'``.  It works as follows:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:867
msgid ""
"When reading input from the stream, if *newline* is ``None``, :term:"
"`universal newlines` mode is enabled.  Lines in the input can end in "
"``'\\n'``, ``'\\r'``, or ``'\\r\\n'``, and these are translated into "
"``'\\n'`` before being returned to the caller.  If it is ``''``, universal "
"newlines mode is enabled, but line endings are returned to the caller "
"untranslated. If it has any of the other legal values, input lines are only "
"terminated by the given string, and the line ending is returned to the "
"caller untranslated."
msgstr ""
"Lors de la lecture, si *newline* est ``None``, le mode :term:`universal "
"newlines` est activé. Les lignes lues peuvent terminer par ``'\\n'``, "
"``'\\r'``, ou ``'\\r\\n'``, qui sont remplacés par ``'\\n'``, avant d'être "
"données à l'appelant. S'il vaut ``''``, le mode *universal newline* est "
"activé mais les fin de lignes ne sont pas remplacés. S'il a n'importe quel "
"autre valeur autorisée, les lignes sont seulement terminées par la chaîne "
"donnée, qui est rendue tel qu'elle."

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:876
msgid ""
"When writing output to the stream, if *newline* is ``None``, any ``'\\n'`` "
"characters written are translated to the system default line separator, :"
"data:`os.linesep`.  If *newline* is ``''`` or ``'\\n'``, no translation "
"takes place.  If *newline* is any of the other legal values, any ``'\\n'`` "
"characters written are translated to the given string."
msgstr ""
"Lors de l'écriture, si *newline* est ``None``, chaque ``'\\n'`` est remplacé "
"par le séparateur de lignes par défaut du système :data:`os.linesep`.  Si "
"*newline* est ``*`` ou ``'\\n'`` aucun remplacent n'est effectué. Si "
"*newline* est un autre caractère valide, chaque ``'\\n'`` sera remplacé par "
"la chaîne donnée."

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:882
msgid ""
"If *line_buffering* is ``True``, :meth:`flush` is implied when a call to "
"write contains a newline character or a carriage return."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:885
msgid ""
"If *write_through* is ``True``, calls to :meth:`write` are guaranteed not to "
"be buffered: any data written on the :class:`TextIOWrapper` object is "
"immediately handled to its underlying binary *buffer*."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:889
msgid "The *write_through* argument has been added."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:892
msgid ""
"The default *encoding* is now ``locale.getpreferredencoding(False)`` instead "
"of ``locale.getpreferredencoding()``. Don't change temporary the locale "
"encoding using :func:`locale.setlocale`, use the current locale encoding "
"instead of the user preferred encoding."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:898
msgid ""
":class:`TextIOWrapper` provides one attribute in addition to those of :class:"
"`TextIOBase` and its parents:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:903
msgid "Whether line buffering is enabled."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:908
msgid ""
"An in-memory stream for text I/O.  The text buffer is discarded when the :"
"meth:`~IOBase.close` method is called."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:911
msgid ""
"The initial value of the buffer can be set by providing *initial_value*. If "
"newline translation is enabled, newlines will be encoded as if by :meth:"
"`~TextIOBase.write`.  The stream is positioned at the start of the buffer."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:916
msgid ""
"The *newline* argument works like that of :class:`TextIOWrapper`. The "
"default is to consider only ``\\n`` characters as ends of lines and to do no "
"newline translation.  If *newline* is set to ``None``, newlines are written "
"as ``\\n`` on all platforms, but universal newline decoding is still "
"performed when reading."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:922
msgid ""
":class:`StringIO` provides this method in addition to those from :class:"
"`TextIOBase` and its parents:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:927
msgid ""
"Return a ``str`` containing the entire contents of the buffer. Newlines are "
"decoded as if by :meth:`~TextIOBase.read`, although the stream position is "
"not changed."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:931
msgid "Example usage::"
msgstr "Exemple d'utilisation ::"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:953
msgid ""
"A helper codec that decodes newlines for :term:`universal newlines` mode. It "
"inherits :class:`codecs.IncrementalDecoder`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:958
msgid "Performance"
msgstr "Performances"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:960
msgid ""
"This section discusses the performance of the provided concrete I/O "
"implementations."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:966
msgid ""
"By reading and writing only large chunks of data even when the user asks for "
"a single byte, buffered I/O hides any inefficiency in calling and executing "
"the operating system's unbuffered I/O routines.  The gain depends on the OS "
"and the kind of I/O which is performed.  For example, on some modern OSes "
"such as Linux, unbuffered disk I/O can be as fast as buffered I/O.  The "
"bottom line, however, is that buffered I/O offers predictable performance "
"regardless of the platform and the backing device.  Therefore, it is almost "
"always preferable to use buffered I/O rather than unbuffered I/O for binary "
"data."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:978
msgid ""
"Text I/O over a binary storage (such as a file) is significantly slower than "
"binary I/O over the same storage, because it requires conversions between "
"unicode and binary data using a character codec.  This can become noticeable "
"handling huge amounts of text data like large log files.  Also, :meth:"
"`TextIOWrapper.tell` and :meth:`TextIOWrapper.seek` are both quite slow due "
"to the reconstruction algorithm used."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:985
msgid ""
":class:`StringIO`, however, is a native in-memory unicode container and will "
"exhibit similar speed to :class:`BytesIO`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:989
msgid "Multi-threading"
msgstr "Fils d'exécution"

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:991
msgid ""
":class:`FileIO` objects are thread-safe to the extent that the operating "
"system calls (such as ``read(2)`` under Unix) they wrap are thread-safe too."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:994
msgid ""
"Binary buffered objects (instances of :class:`BufferedReader`, :class:"
"`BufferedWriter`, :class:`BufferedRandom` and :class:`BufferedRWPair`) "
"protect their internal structures using a lock; it is therefore safe to call "
"them from multiple threads at once."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:999
msgid ":class:`TextIOWrapper` objects are not thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:1002
msgid "Reentrancy"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:1004
msgid ""
"Binary buffered objects (instances of :class:`BufferedReader`, :class:"
"`BufferedWriter`, :class:`BufferedRandom` and :class:`BufferedRWPair`) are "
"not reentrant.  While reentrant calls will not happen in normal situations, "
"they can arise from doing I/O in a :mod:`signal` handler.  If a thread tries "
"to re-enter a buffered object which it is already accessing, a :exc:"
"`RuntimeError` is raised.  Note this doesn't prohibit a different thread "
"from entering the buffered object."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/io.rst:1012
msgid ""
"The above implicitly extends to text files, since the :func:`open()` "
"function will wrap a buffered object inside a :class:`TextIOWrapper`.  This "
"includes standard streams and therefore affects the built-in function :func:"
"`print()` as well."
msgstr ""