forked from AFPy/python-docs-fr
533 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
533 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
# Copyright (C) 2001-2018, Python Software Foundation
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# For licence information, see README file.
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#
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msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n"
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"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-06-28 15:29+0200\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
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"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
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"Language-Team: FRENCH <traductions@lists.afpy.org>\n"
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"Language: fr\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:2
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msgid ":mod:`statistics` --- Mathematical statistics functions"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:12
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msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/statistics.py`"
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msgstr "**Code source :** :source:`Lib/statistics.py`"
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:21
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msgid ""
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"This module provides functions for calculating mathematical statistics of "
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"numeric (:class:`Real`-valued) data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:26
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msgid ""
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"Unless explicitly noted otherwise, these functions support :class:`int`, :"
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"class:`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` and :class:`fractions.Fraction`. "
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"Behaviour with other types (whether in the numeric tower or not) is "
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"currently unsupported. Mixed types are also undefined and implementation-"
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"dependent. If your input data consists of mixed types, you may be able to "
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"use :func:`map` to ensure a consistent result, e.g. ``map(float, "
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"input_data)``."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:35
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msgid "Averages and measures of central location"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:37
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msgid ""
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"These functions calculate an average or typical value from a population or "
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"sample."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:41
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msgid ":func:`mean`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:41
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msgid "Arithmetic mean (\"average\") of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:42
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msgid ":func:`harmonic_mean`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:42
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msgid "Harmonic mean of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:43
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msgid ":func:`median`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:43
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msgid "Median (middle value) of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:44
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msgid ":func:`median_low`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:44
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msgid "Low median of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:45
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msgid ":func:`median_high`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:45
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msgid "High median of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:46
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msgid ":func:`median_grouped`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:46
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msgid "Median, or 50th percentile, of grouped data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:47
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msgid ":func:`mode`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:47
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msgid "Mode (most common value) of discrete data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:51
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msgid "Measures of spread"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:53
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msgid ""
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"These functions calculate a measure of how much the population or sample "
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"tends to deviate from the typical or average values."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:57
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msgid ":func:`pstdev`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:57
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msgid "Population standard deviation of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:58
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msgid ":func:`pvariance`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:58
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msgid "Population variance of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:59
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msgid ":func:`stdev`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:59
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msgid "Sample standard deviation of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:60
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msgid ":func:`variance`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:60
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msgid "Sample variance of data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:65
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msgid "Function details"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:67
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msgid ""
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"Note: The functions do not require the data given to them to be sorted. "
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"However, for reading convenience, most of the examples show sorted sequences."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:72
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msgid ""
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"Return the sample arithmetic mean of *data* which can be a sequence or "
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"iterator."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:74
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msgid ""
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"The arithmetic mean is the sum of the data divided by the number of data "
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"points. It is commonly called \"the average\", although it is only one of "
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"many different mathematical averages. It is a measure of the central "
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"location of the data."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:79
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msgid "If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` will be raised."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:81
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msgid "Some examples of use:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:100
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msgid ""
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"The mean is strongly affected by outliers and is not a robust estimator for "
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"central location: the mean is not necessarily a typical example of the data "
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"points. For more robust, although less efficient, measures of central "
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"location, see :func:`median` and :func:`mode`. (In this case, \"efficient\" "
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"refers to statistical efficiency rather than computational efficiency.)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:107
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msgid ""
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"The sample mean gives an unbiased estimate of the true population mean, "
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"which means that, taken on average over all the possible samples, "
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"``mean(sample)`` converges on the true mean of the entire population. If "
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"*data* represents the entire population rather than a sample, then "
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"``mean(data)`` is equivalent to calculating the true population mean μ."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:116
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msgid ""
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"Return the harmonic mean of *data*, a sequence or iterator of real-valued "
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"numbers."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:119
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msgid ""
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"The harmonic mean, sometimes called the subcontrary mean, is the reciprocal "
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"of the arithmetic :func:`mean` of the reciprocals of the data. For example, "
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"the harmonic mean of three values *a*, *b* and *c* will be equivalent to ``3/"
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"(1/a + 1/b + 1/c)``."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:124
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msgid ""
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"The harmonic mean is a type of average, a measure of the central location of "
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"the data. It is often appropriate when averaging quantities which are rates "
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"or ratios, for example speeds. For example:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:128
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msgid ""
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"Suppose an investor purchases an equal value of shares in each of three "
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"companies, with P/E (price/earning) ratios of 2.5, 3 and 10. What is the "
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"average P/E ratio for the investor's portfolio?"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:137
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msgid ""
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"Using the arithmetic mean would give an average of about 5.167, which is too "
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"high."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:140
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msgid ""
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":exc:`StatisticsError` is raised if *data* is empty, or any element is less "
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"than zero."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:148
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msgid ""
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"Return the median (middle value) of numeric data, using the common \"mean of "
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"middle two\" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. "
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"*data* can be a sequence or iterator."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:152
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msgid ""
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"The median is a robust measure of central location, and is less affected by "
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"the presence of outliers in your data. When the number of data points is "
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"odd, the middle data point is returned:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:161
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msgid ""
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"When the number of data points is even, the median is interpolated by taking "
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"the average of the two middle values:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:169
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msgid ""
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"This is suited for when your data is discrete, and you don't mind that the "
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"median may not be an actual data point."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:172
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msgid ""
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"If your data is ordinal (supports order operations) but not numeric (doesn't "
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"support addition), you should use :func:`median_low` or :func:`median_high` "
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"instead."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:176
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msgid ":func:`median_low`, :func:`median_high`, :func:`median_grouped`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:181
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msgid ""
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"Return the low median of numeric data. If *data* is empty, :exc:"
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"`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:184
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msgid ""
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"The low median is always a member of the data set. When the number of data "
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"points is odd, the middle value is returned. When it is even, the smaller "
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"of the two middle values is returned."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:195
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msgid ""
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"Use the low median when your data are discrete and you prefer the median to "
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"be an actual data point rather than interpolated."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:201
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msgid ""
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"Return the high median of data. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` "
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"is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:204
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msgid ""
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"The high median is always a member of the data set. When the number of data "
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"points is odd, the middle value is returned. When it is even, the larger of "
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"the two middle values is returned."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:215
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msgid ""
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"Use the high median when your data are discrete and you prefer the median to "
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"be an actual data point rather than interpolated."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:221
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msgid ""
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"Return the median of grouped continuous data, calculated as the 50th "
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"percentile, using interpolation. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` "
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"is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:230
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msgid ""
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"In the following example, the data are rounded, so that each value "
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"represents the midpoint of data classes, e.g. 1 is the midpoint of the class "
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"0.5--1.5, 2 is the midpoint of 1.5--2.5, 3 is the midpoint of 2.5--3.5, "
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"etc. With the data given, the middle value falls somewhere in the class "
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"3.5--4.5, and interpolation is used to estimate it:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:241
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msgid ""
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"Optional argument *interval* represents the class interval, and defaults to "
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"1. Changing the class interval naturally will change the interpolation:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:251
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msgid ""
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"This function does not check whether the data points are at least *interval* "
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"apart."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:256
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msgid ""
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"Under some circumstances, :func:`median_grouped` may coerce data points to "
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"floats. This behaviour is likely to change in the future."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:261
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msgid ""
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"\"Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences\", Frederick J Gravetter and Larry "
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"B Wallnau (8th Edition)."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:264
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msgid ""
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"The `SSMEDIAN <https://help.gnome.org/users/gnumeric/stable/gnumeric."
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"html#gnumeric-function-SSMEDIAN>`_ function in the Gnome Gnumeric "
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"spreadsheet, including `this discussion <https://mail.gnome.org/archives/"
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"gnumeric-list/2011-April/msg00018.html>`_."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:272
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msgid ""
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"Return the most common data point from discrete or nominal *data*. The mode "
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"(when it exists) is the most typical value, and is a robust measure of "
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"central location."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:276
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msgid ""
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"If *data* is empty, or if there is not exactly one most common value, :exc:"
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"`StatisticsError` is raised."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:279
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msgid ""
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"``mode`` assumes discrete data, and returns a single value. This is the "
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"standard treatment of the mode as commonly taught in schools:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:287
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msgid ""
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"The mode is unique in that it is the only statistic which also applies to "
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"nominal (non-numeric) data:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:298
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msgid ""
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"Return the population standard deviation (the square root of the population "
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"variance). See :func:`pvariance` for arguments and other details."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:309
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msgid ""
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"Return the population variance of *data*, a non-empty iterable of real-"
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"valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of "
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"the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates "
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"that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered "
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"closely around the mean."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:315
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msgid ""
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"If the optional second argument *mu* is given, it should be the mean of "
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"*data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is "
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"automatically calculated."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:319
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msgid ""
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"Use this function to calculate the variance from the entire population. To "
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"estimate the variance from a sample, the :func:`variance` function is "
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"usually a better choice."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:323
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msgid "Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* is empty."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:325 ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:399
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msgid "Examples:"
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msgstr "Exemples :"
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:333
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msgid ""
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"If you have already calculated the mean of your data, you can pass it as the "
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"optional second argument *mu* to avoid recalculation:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:342
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msgid ""
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"This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual "
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"mean as *mu*. Using arbitrary values for *mu* may lead to invalid or "
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"impossible results."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:346
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msgid "Decimals and Fractions are supported:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:360
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msgid ""
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"When called with the entire population, this gives the population variance "
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"σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², "
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"also known as variance with N degrees of freedom."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:364
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msgid ""
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"If you somehow know the true population mean μ, you may use this function to "
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"calculate the variance of a sample, giving the known population mean as the "
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"second argument. Provided the data points are representative (e.g. "
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"independent and identically distributed), the result will be an unbiased "
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"estimate of the population variance."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:373
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msgid ""
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"Return the sample standard deviation (the square root of the sample "
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"variance). See :func:`variance` for arguments and other details."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:384
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msgid ""
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"Return the sample variance of *data*, an iterable of at least two real-"
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"valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of "
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"the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates "
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"that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered "
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"closely around the mean."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:390
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msgid ""
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"If the optional second argument *xbar* is given, it should be the mean of "
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"*data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is "
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"automatically calculated."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:394
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msgid ""
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"Use this function when your data is a sample from a population. To calculate "
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"the variance from the entire population, see :func:`pvariance`."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:397
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msgid "Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* has fewer than two values."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:407
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msgid ""
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"If you have already calculated the mean of your data, you can pass it as the "
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"optional second argument *xbar* to avoid recalculation:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:416
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msgid ""
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"This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual "
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"mean as *xbar*. Using arbitrary values for *xbar* can lead to invalid or "
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"impossible results."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:420
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msgid "Decimal and Fraction values are supported:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:434
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msgid ""
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"This is the sample variance s² with Bessel's correction, also known as "
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"variance with N-1 degrees of freedom. Provided that the data points are "
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"representative (e.g. independent and identically distributed), the result "
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"should be an unbiased estimate of the true population variance."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:439
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If you somehow know the actual population mean μ you should pass it to the :"
|
||
"func:`pvariance` function as the *mu* parameter to get the variance of a "
|
||
"sample."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:444
|
||
msgid "Exceptions"
|
||
msgstr "Exceptions"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:446
|
||
msgid "A single exception is defined:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:450
|
||
msgid "Subclass of :exc:`ValueError` for statistics-related exceptions."
|
||
msgstr ""
|