# Copyright (C) 2001-2018, Python Software Foundation # For licence information, see README file. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2018-06-28 15:29+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: FRENCH \n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:2 msgid ":mod:`statistics` --- Mathematical statistics functions" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:12 msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/statistics.py`" msgstr "**Code source :** :source:`Lib/statistics.py`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:21 msgid "" "This module provides functions for calculating mathematical statistics of " "numeric (:class:`Real`-valued) data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:26 msgid "" "Unless explicitly noted otherwise, these functions support :class:`int`, :" "class:`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` and :class:`fractions.Fraction`. " "Behaviour with other types (whether in the numeric tower or not) is " "currently unsupported. Mixed types are also undefined and implementation-" "dependent. If your input data consists of mixed types, you may be able to " "use :func:`map` to ensure a consistent result, e.g. ``map(float, " "input_data)``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:35 msgid "Averages and measures of central location" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:37 msgid "" "These functions calculate an average or typical value from a population or " "sample." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:41 msgid ":func:`mean`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:41 msgid "Arithmetic mean (\"average\") of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:42 msgid ":func:`harmonic_mean`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:42 msgid "Harmonic mean of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:43 msgid ":func:`median`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:43 msgid "Median (middle value) of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:44 msgid ":func:`median_low`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:44 msgid "Low median of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:45 msgid ":func:`median_high`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:45 msgid "High median of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:46 msgid ":func:`median_grouped`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:46 msgid "Median, or 50th percentile, of grouped data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:47 msgid ":func:`mode`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:47 msgid "Mode (most common value) of discrete data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:51 msgid "Measures of spread" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:53 msgid "" "These functions calculate a measure of how much the population or sample " "tends to deviate from the typical or average values." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:57 msgid ":func:`pstdev`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:57 msgid "Population standard deviation of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:58 msgid ":func:`pvariance`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:58 msgid "Population variance of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:59 msgid ":func:`stdev`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:59 msgid "Sample standard deviation of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:60 msgid ":func:`variance`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:60 msgid "Sample variance of data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:65 msgid "Function details" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:67 msgid "" "Note: The functions do not require the data given to them to be sorted. " "However, for reading convenience, most of the examples show sorted sequences." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:72 msgid "" "Return the sample arithmetic mean of *data* which can be a sequence or " "iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:74 msgid "" "The arithmetic mean is the sum of the data divided by the number of data " "points. It is commonly called \"the average\", although it is only one of " "many different mathematical averages. It is a measure of the central " "location of the data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:79 msgid "If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` will be raised." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:81 msgid "Some examples of use:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:100 msgid "" "The mean is strongly affected by outliers and is not a robust estimator for " "central location: the mean is not necessarily a typical example of the data " "points. For more robust, although less efficient, measures of central " "location, see :func:`median` and :func:`mode`. (In this case, \"efficient\" " "refers to statistical efficiency rather than computational efficiency.)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:107 msgid "" "The sample mean gives an unbiased estimate of the true population mean, " "which means that, taken on average over all the possible samples, " "``mean(sample)`` converges on the true mean of the entire population. If " "*data* represents the entire population rather than a sample, then " "``mean(data)`` is equivalent to calculating the true population mean μ." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:116 msgid "" "Return the harmonic mean of *data*, a sequence or iterator of real-valued " "numbers." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:119 msgid "" "The harmonic mean, sometimes called the subcontrary mean, is the reciprocal " "of the arithmetic :func:`mean` of the reciprocals of the data. For example, " "the harmonic mean of three values *a*, *b* and *c* will be equivalent to ``3/" "(1/a + 1/b + 1/c)``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:124 msgid "" "The harmonic mean is a type of average, a measure of the central location of " "the data. It is often appropriate when averaging quantities which are rates " "or ratios, for example speeds. For example:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:128 msgid "" "Suppose an investor purchases an equal value of shares in each of three " "companies, with P/E (price/earning) ratios of 2.5, 3 and 10. What is the " "average P/E ratio for the investor's portfolio?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:137 msgid "" "Using the arithmetic mean would give an average of about 5.167, which is too " "high." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:140 msgid "" ":exc:`StatisticsError` is raised if *data* is empty, or any element is less " "than zero." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:148 msgid "" "Return the median (middle value) of numeric data, using the common \"mean of " "middle two\" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. " "*data* can be a sequence or iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:152 msgid "" "The median is a robust measure of central location, and is less affected by " "the presence of outliers in your data. When the number of data points is " "odd, the middle data point is returned:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:161 msgid "" "When the number of data points is even, the median is interpolated by taking " "the average of the two middle values:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:169 msgid "" "This is suited for when your data is discrete, and you don't mind that the " "median may not be an actual data point." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:172 msgid "" "If your data is ordinal (supports order operations) but not numeric (doesn't " "support addition), you should use :func:`median_low` or :func:`median_high` " "instead." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:176 msgid ":func:`median_low`, :func:`median_high`, :func:`median_grouped`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:181 msgid "" "Return the low median of numeric data. If *data* is empty, :exc:" "`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:184 msgid "" "The low median is always a member of the data set. When the number of data " "points is odd, the middle value is returned. When it is even, the smaller " "of the two middle values is returned." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:195 msgid "" "Use the low median when your data are discrete and you prefer the median to " "be an actual data point rather than interpolated." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:201 msgid "" "Return the high median of data. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` " "is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:204 msgid "" "The high median is always a member of the data set. When the number of data " "points is odd, the middle value is returned. When it is even, the larger of " "the two middle values is returned." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:215 msgid "" "Use the high median when your data are discrete and you prefer the median to " "be an actual data point rather than interpolated." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:221 msgid "" "Return the median of grouped continuous data, calculated as the 50th " "percentile, using interpolation. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` " "is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:230 msgid "" "In the following example, the data are rounded, so that each value " "represents the midpoint of data classes, e.g. 1 is the midpoint of the class " "0.5--1.5, 2 is the midpoint of 1.5--2.5, 3 is the midpoint of 2.5--3.5, " "etc. With the data given, the middle value falls somewhere in the class " "3.5--4.5, and interpolation is used to estimate it:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:241 msgid "" "Optional argument *interval* represents the class interval, and defaults to " "1. Changing the class interval naturally will change the interpolation:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:251 msgid "" "This function does not check whether the data points are at least *interval* " "apart." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:256 msgid "" "Under some circumstances, :func:`median_grouped` may coerce data points to " "floats. This behaviour is likely to change in the future." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:261 msgid "" "\"Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences\", Frederick J Gravetter and Larry " "B Wallnau (8th Edition)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:264 msgid "" "The `SSMEDIAN `_ function in the Gnome Gnumeric " "spreadsheet, including `this discussion `_." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:272 msgid "" "Return the most common data point from discrete or nominal *data*. The mode " "(when it exists) is the most typical value, and is a robust measure of " "central location." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:276 msgid "" "If *data* is empty, or if there is not exactly one most common value, :exc:" "`StatisticsError` is raised." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:279 msgid "" "``mode`` assumes discrete data, and returns a single value. This is the " "standard treatment of the mode as commonly taught in schools:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:287 msgid "" "The mode is unique in that it is the only statistic which also applies to " "nominal (non-numeric) data:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:298 msgid "" "Return the population standard deviation (the square root of the population " "variance). See :func:`pvariance` for arguments and other details." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:309 msgid "" "Return the population variance of *data*, a non-empty iterable of real-" "valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of " "the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates " "that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered " "closely around the mean." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:315 msgid "" "If the optional second argument *mu* is given, it should be the mean of " "*data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is " "automatically calculated." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:319 msgid "" "Use this function to calculate the variance from the entire population. To " "estimate the variance from a sample, the :func:`variance` function is " "usually a better choice." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:323 msgid "Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* is empty." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:325 ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:399 msgid "Examples:" msgstr "Exemples :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:333 msgid "" "If you have already calculated the mean of your data, you can pass it as the " "optional second argument *mu* to avoid recalculation:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:342 msgid "" "This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual " "mean as *mu*. Using arbitrary values for *mu* may lead to invalid or " "impossible results." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:346 msgid "Decimals and Fractions are supported:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:360 msgid "" "When called with the entire population, this gives the population variance " "σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², " "also known as variance with N degrees of freedom." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:364 msgid "" "If you somehow know the true population mean μ, you may use this function to " "calculate the variance of a sample, giving the known population mean as the " "second argument. Provided the data points are representative (e.g. " "independent and identically distributed), the result will be an unbiased " "estimate of the population variance." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:373 msgid "" "Return the sample standard deviation (the square root of the sample " "variance). See :func:`variance` for arguments and other details." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:384 msgid "" "Return the sample variance of *data*, an iterable of at least two real-" "valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of " "the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates " "that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered " "closely around the mean." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:390 msgid "" "If the optional second argument *xbar* is given, it should be the mean of " "*data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is " "automatically calculated." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:394 msgid "" "Use this function when your data is a sample from a population. To calculate " "the variance from the entire population, see :func:`pvariance`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:397 msgid "Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* has fewer than two values." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:407 msgid "" "If you have already calculated the mean of your data, you can pass it as the " "optional second argument *xbar* to avoid recalculation:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:416 msgid "" "This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual " "mean as *xbar*. Using arbitrary values for *xbar* can lead to invalid or " "impossible results." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:420 msgid "Decimal and Fraction values are supported:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:434 msgid "" "This is the sample variance s² with Bessel's correction, also known as " "variance with N-1 degrees of freedom. Provided that the data points are " "representative (e.g. independent and identically distributed), the result " "should be an unbiased estimate of the true population variance." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:439 msgid "" "If you somehow know the actual population mean μ you should pass it to the :" "func:`pvariance` function as the *mu* parameter to get the variance of a " "sample." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:444 msgid "Exceptions" msgstr "Exceptions" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:446 msgid "A single exception is defined:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:450 msgid "Subclass of :exc:`ValueError` for statistics-related exceptions." msgstr ""