# Copyright (C) 2001-2018, Python Software Foundation # For licence information, see README file. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-01-15 22:33+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-10 00:52+0200\n" "Last-Translator: Julien Palard \n" "Language-Team: FRENCH \n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.11\n" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:3 msgid "What's New in Python 2.7" msgstr "Nouveautés de Python 2.7" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:0 msgid "Author" msgstr "Auteur" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:5 msgid "A.M. Kuchling (amk at amk.ca)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:52 msgid "" "This article explains the new features in Python 2.7. Python 2.7 was " "released on July 3, 2010." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:55 msgid "" "Numeric handling has been improved in many ways, for both floating-point " "numbers and for the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class. There are some useful " "additions to the standard library, such as a greatly enhanced :mod:" "`unittest` module, the :mod:`argparse` module for parsing command-line " "options, convenient :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` and :class:" "`~collections.Counter` classes in the :mod:`collections` module, and many " "other improvements." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:63 msgid "" "Python 2.7 is planned to be the last of the 2.x releases, so we worked on " "making it a good release for the long term. To help with porting to Python " "3, several new features from the Python 3.x series have been included in 2.7." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:68 msgid "" "This article doesn't attempt to provide a complete specification of the new " "features, but instead provides a convenient overview. For full details, you " "should refer to the documentation for Python 2.7 at https://docs.python.org. " "If you want to understand the rationale for the design and implementation, " "refer to the PEP for a particular new feature or the issue on https://bugs." "python.org in which a change was discussed. Whenever possible, \"What's New " "in Python\" links to the bug/patch item for each change." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:80 msgid "The Future for Python 2.x" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:82 msgid "" "Python 2.7 is the last major release in the 2.x series, as the Python " "maintainers have shifted the focus of their new feature development efforts " "to the Python 3.x series. This means that while Python 2 continues to " "receive bug fixes, and to be updated to build correctly on new hardware and " "versions of supported operated systems, there will be no new full feature " "releases for the language or standard library." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:89 msgid "" "However, while there is a large common subset between Python 2.7 and Python " "3, and many of the changes involved in migrating to that common subset, or " "directly to Python 3, can be safely automated, some other changes (notably " "those associated with Unicode handling) may require careful consideration, " "and preferably robust automated regression test suites, to migrate " "effectively." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:96 msgid "" "This means that Python 2.7 will remain in place for a long time, providing a " "stable and supported base platform for production systems that have not yet " "been ported to Python 3. The full expected lifecycle of the Python 2.7 " "series is detailed in :pep:`373`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:101 msgid "Some key consequences of the long-term significance of 2.7 are:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:103 msgid "" "As noted above, the 2.7 release has a much longer period of maintenance when " "compared to earlier 2.x versions. Python 2.7 is currently expected to remain " "supported by the core development team (receiving security updates and other " "bug fixes) until at least 2020 (10 years after its initial release, compared " "to the more typical support period of 18--24 months)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:109 msgid "" "As the Python 2.7 standard library ages, making effective use of the Python " "Package Index (either directly or via a redistributor) becomes more " "important for Python 2 users. In addition to a wide variety of third party " "packages for various tasks, the available packages include backports of new " "modules and features from the Python 3 standard library that are compatible " "with Python 2, as well as various tools and libraries that can make it " "easier to migrate to Python 3. The `Python Packaging User Guide `__ provides guidance on downloading and installing " "software from the Python Package Index." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:119 msgid "" "While the preferred approach to enhancing Python 2 is now the publication of " "new packages on the Python Package Index, this approach doesn't necessarily " "work in all cases, especially those related to network security. In " "exceptional cases that cannot be handled adequately by publishing new or " "updated packages on PyPI, the Python Enhancement Proposal process may be " "used to make the case for adding new features directly to the Python 2 " "standard library. Any such additions, and the maintenance releases where " "they were added, will be noted in the :ref:`py27-maintenance-enhancements` " "section below." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:129 msgid "" "For projects wishing to migrate from Python 2 to Python 3, or for library " "and framework developers wishing to support users on both Python 2 and " "Python 3, there are a variety of tools and guides available to help decide " "on a suitable approach and manage some of the technical details involved. " "The recommended starting point is the :ref:`pyporting-howto` HOWTO guide." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:137 msgid "Changes to the Handling of Deprecation Warnings" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:139 msgid "" "For Python 2.7, a policy decision was made to silence warnings only of " "interest to developers by default. :exc:`DeprecationWarning` and its " "descendants are now ignored unless otherwise requested, preventing users " "from seeing warnings triggered by an application. This change was also made " "in the branch that became Python 3.2. (Discussed on stdlib-sig and carried " "out in :issue:`7319`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:146 msgid "" "In previous releases, :exc:`DeprecationWarning` messages were enabled by " "default, providing Python developers with a clear indication of where their " "code may break in a future major version of Python." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:151 msgid "" "However, there are increasingly many users of Python-based applications who " "are not directly involved in the development of those applications. :exc:" "`DeprecationWarning` messages are irrelevant to such users, making them " "worry about an application that's actually working correctly and burdening " "application developers with responding to these concerns." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:158 msgid "" "You can re-enable display of :exc:`DeprecationWarning` messages by running " "Python with the :option:`-Wdefault <-W>` (short form: :option:`-Wd <-W>`) " "switch, or by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` environment variable to " "``\"default\"`` (or ``\"d\"``) before running Python. Python code can also " "re-enable them by calling ``warnings.simplefilter('default')``." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:165 msgid "" "The ``unittest`` module also automatically reenables deprecation warnings " "when running tests." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:170 msgid "Python 3.1 Features" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:172 msgid "" "Much as Python 2.6 incorporated features from Python 3.0, version 2.7 " "incorporates some of the new features in Python 3.1. The 2.x series " "continues to provide tools for migrating to the 3.x series." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:177 msgid "A partial list of 3.1 features that were backported to 2.7:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:179 msgid "The syntax for set literals (``{1,2,3}`` is a mutable set)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:180 msgid "Dictionary and set comprehensions (``{i: i*2 for i in range(3)}``)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:181 msgid "Multiple context managers in a single :keyword:`with` statement." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:182 msgid "A new version of the :mod:`io` library, rewritten in C for performance." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:183 msgid "The ordered-dictionary type described in :ref:`pep-0372`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:184 msgid "The new ``\",\"`` format specifier described in :ref:`pep-0378`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:185 msgid "The :class:`memoryview` object." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:186 msgid "" "A small subset of the :mod:`importlib` module, `described below <#importlib-" "section>`__." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:188 msgid "" "The :func:`repr` of a float ``x`` is shorter in many cases: it's now based " "on the shortest decimal string that's guaranteed to round back to ``x``. As " "in previous versions of Python, it's guaranteed that ``float(repr(x))`` " "recovers ``x``." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:192 msgid "" "Float-to-string and string-to-float conversions are correctly rounded. The :" "func:`round` function is also now correctly rounded." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:194 msgid "" "The :c:type:`PyCapsule` type, used to provide a C API for extension modules." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:195 msgid "The :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow` C API function." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:197 msgid "Other new Python3-mode warnings include:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:199 msgid "" ":func:`operator.isCallable` and :func:`operator.sequenceIncludes`, which are " "not supported in 3.x, now trigger warnings." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:201 msgid "" "The :option:`!-3` switch now automatically enables the :option:`!-Qwarn` " "switch that causes warnings about using classic division with integers and " "long integers." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:214 msgid "PEP 372: Adding an Ordered Dictionary to collections" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:216 msgid "" "Regular Python dictionaries iterate over key/value pairs in arbitrary order. " "Over the years, a number of authors have written alternative implementations " "that remember the order that the keys were originally inserted. Based on " "the experiences from those implementations, 2.7 introduces a new :class:" "`~collections.OrderedDict` class in the :mod:`collections` module." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:222 msgid "" "The :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` API provides the same interface as " "regular dictionaries but iterates over keys and values in a guaranteed order " "depending on when a key was first inserted::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:233 msgid "" "If a new entry overwrites an existing entry, the original insertion position " "is left unchanged::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:240 msgid "Deleting an entry and reinserting it will move it to the end::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:247 msgid "" "The :meth:`~collections.OrderedDict.popitem` method has an optional *last* " "argument that defaults to ``True``. If *last* is true, the most recently " "added key is returned and removed; if it's false, the oldest key is " "selected::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:262 msgid "" "Comparing two ordered dictionaries checks both the keys and values, and " "requires that the insertion order was the same::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:278 msgid "" "Comparing an :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` with a regular dictionary " "ignores the insertion order and just compares the keys and values." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:281 msgid "" "How does the :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` work? It maintains a doubly " "linked list of keys, appending new keys to the list as they're inserted. A " "secondary dictionary maps keys to their corresponding list node, so deletion " "doesn't have to traverse the entire linked list and therefore remains O(1)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:287 msgid "" "The standard library now supports use of ordered dictionaries in several " "modules." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:290 msgid "" "The :mod:`ConfigParser` module uses them by default, meaning that " "configuration files can now be read, modified, and then written back in " "their original order." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:294 msgid "" "The :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict()` method for :func:" "`collections.namedtuple` now returns an ordered dictionary with the values " "appearing in the same order as the underlying tuple indices." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:298 msgid "" "The :mod:`json` module's :class:`~json.JSONDecoder` class constructor was " "extended with an *object_pairs_hook* parameter to allow :class:`OrderedDict` " "instances to be built by the decoder. Support was also added for third-party " "tools like `PyYAML `_." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:307 msgid ":pep:`372` - Adding an ordered dictionary to collections" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:307 msgid "" "PEP written by Armin Ronacher and Raymond Hettinger; implemented by Raymond " "Hettinger." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:313 msgid "PEP 378: Format Specifier for Thousands Separator" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:315 msgid "" "To make program output more readable, it can be useful to add separators to " "large numbers, rendering them as 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 instead of " "18446744073709551616." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:319 msgid "" "The fully general solution for doing this is the :mod:`locale` module, which " "can use different separators (\",\" in North America, \".\" in Europe) and " "different grouping sizes, but :mod:`locale` is complicated to use and " "unsuitable for multi-threaded applications where different threads are " "producing output for different locales." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:325 msgid "" "Therefore, a simple comma-grouping mechanism has been added to the mini-" "language used by the :meth:`str.format` method. When formatting a floating-" "point number, simply include a comma between the width and the precision::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:333 msgid "When formatting an integer, include the comma after the width:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:338 msgid "" "This mechanism is not adaptable at all; commas are always used as the " "separator and the grouping is always into three-digit groups. The comma-" "formatting mechanism isn't as general as the :mod:`locale` module, but it's " "easier to use." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:345 msgid ":pep:`378` - Format Specifier for Thousands Separator" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:346 msgid "PEP written by Raymond Hettinger; implemented by Eric Smith." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:349 msgid "PEP 389: The argparse Module for Parsing Command Lines" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:351 msgid "" "The :mod:`argparse` module for parsing command-line arguments was added as a " "more powerful replacement for the :mod:`optparse` module." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:355 msgid "" "This means Python now supports three different modules for parsing command-" "line arguments: :mod:`getopt`, :mod:`optparse`, and :mod:`argparse`. The :" "mod:`getopt` module closely resembles the C library's :c:func:`getopt` " "function, so it remains useful if you're writing a Python prototype that " "will eventually be rewritten in C. :mod:`optparse` becomes redundant, but " "there are no plans to remove it because there are many scripts still using " "it, and there's no automated way to update these scripts. (Making the :mod:" "`argparse` API consistent with :mod:`optparse`'s interface was discussed but " "rejected as too messy and difficult.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:366 msgid "" "In short, if you're writing a new script and don't need to worry about " "compatibility with earlier versions of Python, use :mod:`argparse` instead " "of :mod:`optparse`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:370 msgid "Here's an example::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:393 msgid "" "Unless you override it, :option:`!-h` and :option:`!--help` switches are " "automatically added, and produce neatly formatted output::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:410 msgid "" "As with :mod:`optparse`, the command-line switches and arguments are " "returned as an object with attributes named by the *dest* parameters::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:425 msgid "" ":mod:`argparse` has much fancier validation than :mod:`optparse`; you can " "specify an exact number of arguments as an integer, 0 or more arguments by " "passing ``'*'``, 1 or more by passing ``'+'``, or an optional argument with " "``'?'``. A top-level parser can contain sub-parsers to define subcommands " "that have different sets of switches, as in ``svn commit``, ``svn " "checkout``, etc. You can specify an argument's type as :class:`~argparse." "FileType`, which will automatically open files for you and understands that " "``'-'`` means standard input or output." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:438 msgid ":mod:`argparse` documentation" msgstr "Documentation du module :mod:`argparse`" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:438 msgid "The documentation page of the argparse module." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:442 msgid ":ref:`upgrading-optparse-code`" msgstr ":ref:`upgrading-optparse-code`" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:441 msgid "" "Part of the Python documentation, describing how to convert code that uses :" "mod:`optparse`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:444 msgid ":pep:`389` - argparse - New Command Line Parsing Module" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:445 msgid "PEP written and implemented by Steven Bethard." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:448 msgid "PEP 391: Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:450 msgid "" "The :mod:`logging` module is very flexible; applications can define a tree " "of logging subsystems, and each logger in this tree can filter out certain " "messages, format them differently, and direct messages to a varying number " "of handlers." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:455 msgid "" "All this flexibility can require a lot of configuration. You can write " "Python statements to create objects and set their properties, but a complex " "set-up requires verbose but boring code. :mod:`logging` also supports a :" "func:`~logging.fileConfig` function that parses a file, but the file format " "doesn't support configuring filters, and it's messier to generate " "programmatically." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:462 msgid "" "Python 2.7 adds a :func:`~logging.dictConfig` function that uses a " "dictionary to configure logging. There are many ways to produce a " "dictionary from different sources: construct one with code; parse a file " "containing JSON; or use a YAML parsing library if one is installed. For " "more information see :ref:`logging-config-api`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:468 msgid "" "The following example configures two loggers, the root logger and a logger " "named \"network\". Messages sent to the root logger will be sent to the " "system log using the syslog protocol, and messages to the \"network\" logger " "will be written to a :file:`network.log` file that will be rotated once the " "log reaches 1MB." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:518 msgid "" "Three smaller enhancements to the :mod:`logging` module, all implemented by " "Vinay Sajip, are:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:523 msgid "" "The :class:`~logging.handlers.SysLogHandler` class now supports syslogging " "over TCP. The constructor has a *socktype* parameter giving the type of " "socket to use, either :const:`socket.SOCK_DGRAM` for UDP or :const:`socket." "SOCK_STREAM` for TCP. The default protocol remains UDP." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:529 msgid "" ":class:`~logging.Logger` instances gained a :meth:`~logging.Logger.getChild` " "method that retrieves a descendant logger using a relative path. For " "example, once you retrieve a logger by doing ``log = getLogger('app')``, " "calling ``log.getChild('network.listen')`` is equivalent to ``getLogger('app." "network.listen')``." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:535 msgid "" "The :class:`~logging.LoggerAdapter` class gained an :meth:`~logging." "LoggerAdapter.isEnabledFor` method that takes a *level* and returns whether " "the underlying logger would process a message of that level of importance." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:544 msgid ":pep:`391` - Dictionary-Based Configuration For Logging" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:545 msgid "PEP written and implemented by Vinay Sajip." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:548 msgid "PEP 3106: Dictionary Views" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:550 msgid "" "The dictionary methods :meth:`~dict.keys`, :meth:`~dict.values`, and :meth:" "`~dict.items` are different in Python 3.x. They return an object called a :" "dfn:`view` instead of a fully materialized list." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:554 msgid "" "It's not possible to change the return values of :meth:`~dict.keys`, :meth:" "`~dict.values`, and :meth:`~dict.items` in Python 2.7 because too much code " "would break. Instead the 3.x versions were added under the new names :meth:" "`~dict.viewkeys`, :meth:`~dict.viewvalues`, and :meth:`~dict.viewitems`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:568 msgid "" "Views can be iterated over, but the key and item views also behave like " "sets. The ``&`` operator performs intersection, and ``|`` performs a union::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:579 msgid "" "The view keeps track of the dictionary and its contents change as the " "dictionary is modified::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:589 msgid "" "However, note that you can't add or remove keys while you're iterating over " "the view::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:599 msgid "" "You can use the view methods in Python 2.x code, and the 2to3 converter will " "change them to the standard :meth:`~dict.keys`, :meth:`~dict.values`, and :" "meth:`~dict.items` methods." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:606 msgid ":pep:`3106` - Revamping dict.keys(), .values() and .items()" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:606 msgid "" "PEP written by Guido van Rossum. Backported to 2.7 by Alexandre Vassalotti; :" "issue:`1967`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:611 msgid "PEP 3137: The memoryview Object" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:613 msgid "" "The :class:`memoryview` object provides a view of another object's memory " "content that matches the :class:`bytes` type's interface." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:631 msgid "" "The content of the view can be converted to a string of bytes or a list of " "integers:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:643 msgid "" ":class:`memoryview` objects allow modifying the underlying object if it's a " "mutable object." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:666 msgid ":pep:`3137` - Immutable Bytes and Mutable Buffer" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:665 msgid "" "PEP written by Guido van Rossum. Implemented by Travis Oliphant, Antoine " "Pitrou and others. Backported to 2.7 by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`2396`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:672 msgid "Other Language Changes" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:674 msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:676 msgid "" "The syntax for set literals has been backported from Python 3.x. Curly " "brackets are used to surround the contents of the resulting mutable set; set " "literals are distinguished from dictionaries by not containing colons and " "values. ``{}`` continues to represent an empty dictionary; use ``set()`` for " "an empty set." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:693 msgid "Backported by Alexandre Vassalotti; :issue:`2335`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:695 msgid "" "Dictionary and set comprehensions are another feature backported from 3.x, " "generalizing list/generator comprehensions to use the literal syntax for " "sets and dictionaries." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:707 msgid "Backported by Alexandre Vassalotti; :issue:`2333`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:709 msgid "" "The :keyword:`with` statement can now use multiple context managers in one " "statement. Context managers are processed from left to right and each one " "is treated as beginning a new :keyword:`!with` statement. This means that::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:717 msgid "is equivalent to::" msgstr "est équivalente à ::" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:723 msgid "" "The :func:`contextlib.nested` function provides a very similar function, so " "it's no longer necessary and has been deprecated." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:726 msgid "" "(Proposed in https://codereview.appspot.com/53094; implemented by Georg " "Brandl.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:729 msgid "" "Conversions between floating-point numbers and strings are now correctly " "rounded on most platforms. These conversions occur in many different " "places: :func:`str` on floats and complex numbers; the :class:`float` and :" "class:`complex` constructors; numeric formatting; serializing and " "deserializing floats and complex numbers using the :mod:`marshal`, :mod:" "`pickle` and :mod:`json` modules; parsing of float and imaginary literals in " "Python code; and :class:`~decimal.Decimal`-to-float conversion." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:741 msgid "" "Related to this, the :func:`repr` of a floating-point number *x* now returns " "a result based on the shortest decimal string that's guaranteed to round " "back to *x* under correct rounding (with round-half-to-even rounding mode). " "Previously it gave a string based on rounding x to 17 decimal digits." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:749 msgid "" "The rounding library responsible for this improvement works on Windows and " "on Unix platforms using the gcc, icc, or suncc compilers. There may be a " "small number of platforms where correct operation of this code cannot be " "guaranteed, so the code is not used on such systems. You can find out which " "code is being used by checking :data:`sys.float_repr_style`, which will be " "``short`` if the new code is in use and ``legacy`` if it isn't." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:757 msgid "" "Implemented by Eric Smith and Mark Dickinson, using David Gay's :file:`dtoa." "c` library; :issue:`7117`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:760 msgid "" "Conversions from long integers and regular integers to floating point now " "round differently, returning the floating-point number closest to the " "number. This doesn't matter for small integers that can be converted " "exactly, but for large numbers that will unavoidably lose precision, Python " "2.7 now approximates more closely. For example, Python 2.6 computed the " "following::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:773 msgid "" "Python 2.7's floating-point result is larger, but much closer to the true " "value::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:782 msgid "(Implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`3166`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:784 msgid "" "Integer division is also more accurate in its rounding behaviours. (Also " "implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`1811`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:787 msgid "" "Implicit coercion for complex numbers has been removed; the interpreter will " "no longer ever attempt to call a :meth:`__coerce__` method on complex " "objects. (Removed by Meador Inge and Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5211`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:791 msgid "" "The :meth:`str.format` method now supports automatic numbering of the " "replacement fields. This makes using :meth:`str.format` more closely " "resemble using ``%s`` formatting::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:800 msgid "" "The auto-numbering takes the fields from left to right, so the first ``{...}" "`` specifier will use the first argument to :meth:`str.format`, the next " "specifier will use the next argument, and so on. You can't mix auto-" "numbering and explicit numbering -- either number all of your specifier " "fields or none of them -- but you can mix auto-numbering and named fields, " "as in the second example above. (Contributed by Eric Smith; :issue:`5237`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:807 msgid "" "Complex numbers now correctly support usage with :func:`format`, and default " "to being right-aligned. Specifying a precision or comma-separation applies " "to both the real and imaginary parts of the number, but a specified field " "width and alignment is applied to the whole of the resulting ``1.5+3j`` " "output. (Contributed by Eric Smith; :issue:`1588` and :issue:`7988`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:814 msgid "" "The 'F' format code now always formats its output using uppercase " "characters, so it will now produce 'INF' and 'NAN'. (Contributed by Eric " "Smith; :issue:`3382`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:818 msgid "" "A low-level change: the :meth:`object.__format__` method now triggers a :exc:" "`PendingDeprecationWarning` if it's passed a format string, because the :" "meth:`__format__` method for :class:`object` converts the object to a string " "representation and formats that. Previously the method silently applied the " "format string to the string representation, but that could hide mistakes in " "Python code. If you're supplying formatting information such as an " "alignment or precision, presumably you're expecting the formatting to be " "applied in some object-specific way. (Fixed by Eric Smith; :issue:`7994`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:828 msgid "" "The :func:`int` and :func:`long` types gained a ``bit_length`` method that " "returns the number of bits necessary to represent its argument in binary::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:843 msgid "(Contributed by Fredrik Johansson and Victor Stinner; :issue:`3439`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:845 msgid "" "The :keyword:`import` statement will no longer try an absolute import if a " "relative import (e.g. ``from .os import sep``) fails. This fixes a bug, but " "could possibly break certain :keyword:`!import` statements that were only " "working by accident. (Fixed by Meador Inge; :issue:`7902`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:851 msgid "" "It's now possible for a subclass of the built-in :class:`unicode` type to " "override the :meth:`__unicode__` method. (Implemented by Victor Stinner; :" "issue:`1583863`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:855 msgid "" "The :class:`bytearray` type's :meth:`~bytearray.translate` method now " "accepts ``None`` as its first argument. (Fixed by Georg Brandl; :issue:" "`4759`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:861 msgid "" "When using ``@classmethod`` and ``@staticmethod`` to wrap methods as class " "or static methods, the wrapper object now exposes the wrapped function as " "their :attr:`__func__` attribute. (Contributed by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc, " "after a suggestion by George Sakkis; :issue:`5982`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2462 msgid "" "When a restricted set of attributes were set using ``__slots__``, deleting " "an unset attribute would not raise :exc:`AttributeError` as you would " "expect. Fixed by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:`7604`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:871 msgid "" "Two new encodings are now supported: \"cp720\", used primarily for Arabic " "text; and \"cp858\", a variant of CP 850 that adds the euro symbol. (CP720 " "contributed by Alexander Belchenko and Amaury Forgeot d'Arc in :issue:" "`1616979`; CP858 contributed by Tim Hatch in :issue:`8016`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:877 msgid "" "The :class:`file` object will now set the :attr:`filename` attribute on the :" "exc:`IOError` exception when trying to open a directory on POSIX platforms " "(noted by Jan Kaliszewski; :issue:`4764`), and now explicitly checks for and " "forbids writing to read-only file objects instead of trusting the C library " "to catch and report the error (fixed by Stefan Krah; :issue:`5677`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:884 msgid "" "The Python tokenizer now translates line endings itself, so the :func:" "`compile` built-in function now accepts code using any line-ending " "convention. Additionally, it no longer requires that the code end in a " "newline." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:889 msgid "" "Extra parentheses in function definitions are illegal in Python 3.x, meaning " "that you get a syntax error from ``def f((x)): pass``. In Python3-warning " "mode, Python 2.7 will now warn about this odd usage. (Noted by James " "Lingard; :issue:`7362`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:894 msgid "" "It's now possible to create weak references to old-style class objects. New-" "style classes were always weak-referenceable. (Fixed by Antoine Pitrou; :" "issue:`8268`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:898 msgid "" "When a module object is garbage-collected, the module's dictionary is now " "only cleared if no one else is holding a reference to the dictionary (:issue:" "`7140`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:907 msgid "Interpreter Changes" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:909 msgid "" "A new environment variable, :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS`, allows controlling " "warnings. It should be set to a string containing warning settings, " "equivalent to those used with the :option:`-W` switch, separated by commas. " "(Contributed by Brian Curtin; :issue:`7301`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:915 msgid "" "For example, the following setting will print warnings every time they " "occur, but turn warnings from the :mod:`Cookie` module into an error. (The " "exact syntax for setting an environment variable varies across operating " "systems and shells.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:928 #, fuzzy msgid "Optimizations" msgstr "Optimisation" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:930 msgid "Several performance enhancements have been added:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:932 msgid "" "A new opcode was added to perform the initial setup for :keyword:`with` " "statements, looking up the :meth:`__enter__` and :meth:`__exit__` methods. " "(Contributed by Benjamin Peterson.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:936 msgid "" "The garbage collector now performs better for one common usage pattern: when " "many objects are being allocated without deallocating any of them. This " "would previously take quadratic time for garbage collection, but now the " "number of full garbage collections is reduced as the number of objects on " "the heap grows. The new logic only performs a full garbage collection pass " "when the middle generation has been collected 10 times and when the number " "of survivor objects from the middle generation exceeds 10% of the number of " "objects in the oldest generation. (Suggested by Martin von Löwis and " "implemented by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`4074`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:947 msgid "" "The garbage collector tries to avoid tracking simple containers which can't " "be part of a cycle. In Python 2.7, this is now true for tuples and dicts " "containing atomic types (such as ints, strings, etc.). Transitively, a dict " "containing tuples of atomic types won't be tracked either. This helps reduce " "the cost of each garbage collection by decreasing the number of objects to " "be considered and traversed by the collector. (Contributed by Antoine " "Pitrou; :issue:`4688`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:956 msgid "" "Long integers are now stored internally either in base ``2**15`` or in base " "``2**30``, the base being determined at build time. Previously, they were " "always stored in base ``2**15``. Using base ``2**30`` gives significant " "performance improvements on 64-bit machines, but benchmark results on 32-bit " "machines have been mixed. Therefore, the default is to use base ``2**30`` " "on 64-bit machines and base ``2**15`` on 32-bit machines; on Unix, there's a " "new configure option :option:`!--enable-big-digits` that can be used to " "override this default." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:965 msgid "" "Apart from the performance improvements this change should be invisible to " "end users, with one exception: for testing and debugging purposes there's a " "new structseq :data:`sys.long_info` that provides information about the " "internal format, giving the number of bits per digit and the size in bytes " "of the C type used to store each digit::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:976 msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4258`.)" msgstr "(Contribution par Mark Dickinson; :issue:`4258`.)" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:978 msgid "" "Another set of changes made long objects a few bytes smaller: 2 bytes " "smaller on 32-bit systems and 6 bytes on 64-bit. (Contributed by Mark " "Dickinson; :issue:`5260`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:982 msgid "" "The division algorithm for long integers has been made faster by tightening " "the inner loop, doing shifts instead of multiplications, and fixing an " "unnecessary extra iteration. Various benchmarks show speedups of between 50% " "and 150% for long integer divisions and modulo operations. (Contributed by " "Mark Dickinson; :issue:`5512`.) Bitwise operations are also significantly " "faster (initial patch by Gregory Smith; :issue:`1087418`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:991 msgid "" "The implementation of ``%`` checks for the left-side operand being a Python " "string and special-cases it; this results in a 1--3% performance increase " "for applications that frequently use ``%`` with strings, such as templating " "libraries. (Implemented by Collin Winter; :issue:`5176`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:997 msgid "" "List comprehensions with an ``if`` condition are compiled into faster " "bytecode. (Patch by Antoine Pitrou, back-ported to 2.7 by Jeffrey Yasskin; :" "issue:`4715`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1001 msgid "" "Converting an integer or long integer to a decimal string was made faster by " "special-casing base 10 instead of using a generalized conversion function " "that supports arbitrary bases. (Patch by Gawain Bolton; :issue:`6713`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1006 msgid "" "The :meth:`split`, :meth:`replace`, :meth:`rindex`, :meth:`rpartition`, and :" "meth:`rsplit` methods of string-like types (strings, Unicode strings, and :" "class:`bytearray` objects) now use a fast reverse-search algorithm instead " "of a character-by-character scan. This is sometimes faster by a factor of " "10. (Added by Florent Xicluna; :issue:`7462` and :issue:`7622`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1013 msgid "" "The :mod:`pickle` and :mod:`cPickle` modules now automatically intern the " "strings used for attribute names, reducing memory usage of the objects " "resulting from unpickling. (Contributed by Jake McGuire; :issue:`5084`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1018 msgid "" "The :mod:`cPickle` module now special-cases dictionaries, nearly halving the " "time required to pickle them. (Contributed by Collin Winter; :issue:`5670`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1025 msgid "New and Improved Modules" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1027 msgid "" "As in every release, Python's standard library received a number of " "enhancements and bug fixes. Here's a partial list of the most notable " "changes, sorted alphabetically by module name. Consult the :file:`Misc/NEWS` " "file in the source tree for a more complete list of changes, or look through " "the Subversion logs for all the details." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1033 msgid "" "The :mod:`bdb` module's base debugging class :class:`~bdb.Bdb` gained a " "feature for skipping modules. The constructor now takes an iterable " "containing glob-style patterns such as ``django.*``; the debugger will not " "step into stack frames from a module that matches one of these patterns. " "(Contributed by Maru Newby after a suggestion by Senthil Kumaran; :issue:" "`5142`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1041 msgid "" "The :mod:`binascii` module now supports the buffer API, so it can be used " "with :class:`memoryview` instances and other similar buffer objects. " "(Backported from 3.x by Florent Xicluna; :issue:`7703`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1045 msgid "" "Updated module: the :mod:`bsddb` module has been updated from 4.7.2devel9 to " "version 4.8.4 of `the pybsddb package `__. The new version features better Python 3.x compatibility, " "various bug fixes, and adds several new BerkeleyDB flags and methods. " "(Updated by Jesús Cea Avión; :issue:`8156`. The pybsddb changelog can be " "read at https://hg.jcea.es/pybsddb/file/tip/ChangeLog.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1053 msgid "" "The :mod:`bz2` module's :class:`~bz2.BZ2File` now supports the context " "management protocol, so you can write ``with bz2.BZ2File(...) as f:``. " "(Contributed by Hagen Fürstenau; :issue:`3860`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1057 msgid "" "New class: the :class:`~collections.Counter` class in the :mod:`collections` " "module is useful for tallying data. :class:`~collections.Counter` instances " "behave mostly like dictionaries but return zero for missing keys instead of " "raising a :exc:`KeyError`:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1079 msgid "" "There are three additional :class:`~collections.Counter` methods. :meth:" "`~collections.Counter.most_common` returns the N most common elements and " "their counts. :meth:`~collections.Counter.elements` returns an iterator " "over the contained elements, repeating each element as many times as its " "count. :meth:`~collections.Counter.subtract` takes an iterable and subtracts " "one for each element instead of adding; if the argument is a dictionary or " "another :class:`Counter`, the counts are subtracted. ::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1102 msgid "Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1696199`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1106 msgid "" "New class: :class:`~collections.OrderedDict` is described in the earlier " "section :ref:`pep-0372`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1109 msgid "" "New method: The :class:`~collections.deque` data type now has a :meth:" "`~collections.deque.count` method that returns the number of contained " "elements equal to the supplied argument *x*, and a :meth:`~collections.deque." "reverse` method that reverses the elements of the deque in-place. :class:" "`~collections.deque` also exposes its maximum length as the read-only :attr:" "`~collections.deque.maxlen` attribute. (Both features added by Raymond " "Hettinger.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1117 msgid "" "The :class:`~collections.namedtuple` class now has an optional *rename* " "parameter. If *rename* is true, field names that are invalid because they've " "been repeated or aren't legal Python identifiers will be renamed to legal " "names that are derived from the field's position within the list of fields:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1128 msgid "(Added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`1818`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1130 msgid "" "Finally, the :class:`~collections.Mapping` abstract base class now returns :" "const:`NotImplemented` if a mapping is compared to another type that isn't " "a :class:`Mapping`. (Fixed by Daniel Stutzbach; :issue:`8729`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1135 msgid "" "Constructors for the parsing classes in the :mod:`ConfigParser` module now " "take an *allow_no_value* parameter, defaulting to false; if true, options " "without values will be allowed. For example::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1157 msgid "(Contributed by Mats Kindahl; :issue:`7005`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1159 msgid "" "Deprecated function: :func:`contextlib.nested`, which allows handling more " "than one context manager with a single :keyword:`with` statement, has been " "deprecated, because the :keyword:`!with` statement now supports multiple " "context managers." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1164 msgid "" "The :mod:`cookielib` module now ignores cookies that have an invalid version " "field, one that doesn't contain an integer value. (Fixed by John J. Lee; :" "issue:`3924`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1168 msgid "" "The :mod:`copy` module's :func:`~copy.deepcopy` function will now correctly " "copy bound instance methods. (Implemented by Robert Collins; :issue:`1515`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1172 msgid "" "The :mod:`ctypes` module now always converts ``None`` to a C ``NULL`` " "pointer for arguments declared as pointers. (Changed by Thomas Heller; :" "issue:`4606`.) The underlying `libffi library `__ has been updated to version 3.0.9, containing various fixes for " "different platforms. (Updated by Matthias Klose; :issue:`8142`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1179 msgid "" "New method: the :mod:`datetime` module's :class:`~datetime.timedelta` class " "gained a :meth:`~datetime.timedelta.total_seconds` method that returns the " "number of seconds in the duration. (Contributed by Brian Quinlan; :issue:" "`5788`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1183 msgid "" "New method: the :class:`~decimal.Decimal` class gained a :meth:`~decimal." "Decimal.from_float` class method that performs an exact conversion of a " "floating-point number to a :class:`~decimal.Decimal`. This exact conversion " "strives for the closest decimal approximation to the floating-point " "representation's value; the resulting decimal value will therefore still " "include the inaccuracy, if any. For example, ``Decimal.from_float(0.1)`` " "returns " "``Decimal('0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625')``. " "(Implemented by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`4796`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1194 msgid "" "Comparing instances of :class:`~decimal.Decimal` with floating-point numbers " "now produces sensible results based on the numeric values of the operands. " "Previously such comparisons would fall back to Python's default rules for " "comparing objects, which produced arbitrary results based on their type. " "Note that you still cannot combine :class:`Decimal` and floating-point in " "other operations such as addition, since you should be explicitly choosing " "how to convert between float and :class:`~decimal.Decimal`. (Fixed by Mark " "Dickinson; :issue:`2531`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1203 msgid "" "The constructor for :class:`~decimal.Decimal` now accepts floating-point " "numbers (added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`8257`) and non-European Unicode " "characters such as Arabic-Indic digits (contributed by Mark Dickinson; :" "issue:`6595`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1208 msgid "" "Most of the methods of the :class:`~decimal.Context` class now accept " "integers as well as :class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances; the only exceptions " "are the :meth:`~decimal.Context.canonical` and :meth:`~decimal.Context." "is_canonical` methods. (Patch by Juan José Conti; :issue:`7633`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1213 msgid "" "When using :class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances with a string's :meth:`~str." "format` method, the default alignment was previously left-alignment. This " "has been changed to right-alignment, which is more sensible for numeric " "types. (Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`6857`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1218 msgid "" "Comparisons involving a signaling NaN value (or ``sNAN``) now signal :const:" "`InvalidOperation` instead of silently returning a true or false value " "depending on the comparison operator. Quiet NaN values (or ``NaN``) are now " "hashable. (Fixed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`7279`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1224 msgid "" "The :mod:`difflib` module now produces output that is more compatible with " "modern :command:`diff`/:command:`patch` tools through one small change, " "using a tab character instead of spaces as a separator in the header giving " "the filename. (Fixed by Anatoly Techtonik; :issue:`7585`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1230 msgid "" "The Distutils ``sdist`` command now always regenerates the :file:`MANIFEST` " "file, since even if the :file:`MANIFEST.in` or :file:`setup.py` files " "haven't been modified, the user might have created some new files that " "should be included. (Fixed by Tarek Ziadé; :issue:`8688`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1236 msgid "" "The :mod:`doctest` module's :const:`IGNORE_EXCEPTION_DETAIL` flag will now " "ignore the name of the module containing the exception being tested. (Patch " "by Lennart Regebro; :issue:`7490`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1240 msgid "" "The :mod:`email` module's :class:`~email.message.Message` class will now " "accept a Unicode-valued payload, automatically converting the payload to the " "encoding specified by :attr:`output_charset`. (Added by R. David Murray; :" "issue:`1368247`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1245 msgid "" "The :class:`~fractions.Fraction` class now accepts a single float or :class:" "`~decimal.Decimal` instance, or two rational numbers, as arguments to its " "constructor. (Implemented by Mark Dickinson; rationals added in :issue:" "`5812`, and float/decimal in :issue:`8294`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1251 msgid "" "Ordering comparisons (``<``, ``<=``, ``>``, ``>=``) between fractions and " "complex numbers now raise a :exc:`TypeError`. This fixes an oversight, " "making the :class:`~fractions.Fraction` match the other numeric types." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1258 msgid "" "New class: :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` in the :mod:`ftplib` module provides " "secure FTP connections using TLS encapsulation of authentication as well as " "subsequent control and data transfers. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola; :" "issue:`2054`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1264 msgid "" "The :meth:`~ftplib.FTP.storbinary` method for binary uploads can now restart " "uploads thanks to an added *rest* parameter (patch by Pablo Mouzo; :issue:" "`6845`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1268 msgid "" "New class decorator: :func:`~functools.total_ordering` in the :mod:" "`functools` module takes a class that defines an :meth:`__eq__` method and " "one of :meth:`__lt__`, :meth:`__le__`, :meth:`__gt__`, or :meth:`__ge__`, " "and generates the missing comparison methods. Since the :meth:`__cmp__` " "method is being deprecated in Python 3.x, this decorator makes it easier to " "define ordered classes. (Added by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`5479`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1276 msgid "" "New function: :func:`~functools.cmp_to_key` will take an old-style " "comparison function that expects two arguments and return a new callable " "that can be used as the *key* parameter to functions such as :func:" "`sorted`, :func:`min` and :func:`max`, etc. The primary intended use is to " "help with making code compatible with Python 3.x. (Added by Raymond " "Hettinger.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1283 msgid "" "New function: the :mod:`gc` module's :func:`~gc.is_tracked` returns true if " "a given instance is tracked by the garbage collector, false otherwise. " "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`4688`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1287 msgid "" "The :mod:`gzip` module's :class:`~gzip.GzipFile` now supports the context " "management protocol, so you can write ``with gzip.GzipFile(...) as f:`` " "(contributed by Hagen Fürstenau; :issue:`3860`), and it now implements the :" "class:`io.BufferedIOBase` ABC, so you can wrap it with :class:`io." "BufferedReader` for faster processing (contributed by Nir Aides; :issue:" "`7471`). It's also now possible to override the modification time recorded " "in a gzipped file by providing an optional timestamp to the constructor. " "(Contributed by Jacques Frechet; :issue:`4272`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1297 msgid "" "Files in gzip format can be padded with trailing zero bytes; the :mod:`gzip` " "module will now consume these trailing bytes. (Fixed by Tadek Pietraszek " "and Brian Curtin; :issue:`2846`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1301 msgid "" "New attribute: the :mod:`hashlib` module now has an :attr:`~hashlib.hashlib." "algorithms` attribute containing a tuple naming the supported algorithms. In " "Python 2.7, ``hashlib.algorithms`` contains ``('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', " "'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512')``. (Contributed by Carl Chenet; :issue:`7418`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1307 msgid "" "The default :class:`~httplib.HTTPResponse` class used by the :mod:`httplib` " "module now supports buffering, resulting in much faster reading of HTTP " "responses. (Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; :issue:`4879`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1311 msgid "" "The :class:`~httplib.HTTPConnection` and :class:`~httplib.HTTPSConnection` " "classes now support a *source_address* parameter, a ``(host, port)`` 2-tuple " "giving the source address that will be used for the connection. (Contributed " "by Eldon Ziegler; :issue:`3972`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1316 msgid "" "The :mod:`ihooks` module now supports relative imports. Note that :mod:" "`ihooks` is an older module for customizing imports, superseded by the :mod:" "`imputil` module added in Python 2.0. (Relative import support added by Neil " "Schemenauer.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1323 msgid "" "The :mod:`imaplib` module now supports IPv6 addresses. (Contributed by Derek " "Morr; :issue:`1655`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1326 msgid "" "New function: the :mod:`inspect` module's :func:`~inspect.getcallargs` takes " "a callable and its positional and keyword arguments, and figures out which " "of the callable's parameters will receive each argument, returning a " "dictionary mapping argument names to their values. For example::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1343 msgid "Contributed by George Sakkis; :issue:`3135`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1345 msgid "" "Updated module: The :mod:`io` library has been upgraded to the version " "shipped with Python 3.1. For 3.1, the I/O library was entirely rewritten in " "C and is 2 to 20 times faster depending on the task being performed. The " "original Python version was renamed to the :mod:`_pyio` module." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1350 msgid "" "One minor resulting change: the :class:`io.TextIOBase` class now has an :" "attr:`errors` attribute giving the error setting used for encoding and " "decoding errors (one of ``'strict'``, ``'replace'``, ``'ignore'``)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1355 msgid "" "The :class:`io.FileIO` class now raises an :exc:`OSError` when passed an " "invalid file descriptor. (Implemented by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:" "`4991`.) The :meth:`~io.IOBase.truncate` method now preserves the file " "position; previously it would change the file position to the end of the new " "file. (Fixed by Pascal Chambon; :issue:`6939`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1361 msgid "" "New function: ``itertools.compress(data, selectors)`` takes two iterators. " "Elements of *data* are returned if the corresponding value in *selectors* is " "true::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1370 msgid "" "New function: ``itertools.combinations_with_replacement(iter, r)`` returns " "all the possible *r*-length combinations of elements from the iterable " "*iter*. Unlike :func:`~itertools.combinations`, individual elements can be " "repeated in the generated combinations::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1379 msgid "" "Note that elements are treated as unique depending on their position in the " "input, not their actual values." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1382 msgid "" "The :func:`itertools.count` function now has a *step* argument that allows " "incrementing by values other than 1. :func:`~itertools.count` also now " "allows keyword arguments, and using non-integer values such as floats or :" "class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances. (Implemented by Raymond Hettinger; :" "issue:`5032`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1388 msgid "" ":func:`itertools.combinations` and :func:`itertools.product` previously " "raised :exc:`ValueError` for values of *r* larger than the input iterable. " "This was deemed a specification error, so they now return an empty " "iterator. (Fixed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`4816`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1393 msgid "" "Updated module: The :mod:`json` module was upgraded to version 2.0.9 of the " "simplejson package, which includes a C extension that makes encoding and " "decoding faster. (Contributed by Bob Ippolito; :issue:`4136`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1398 msgid "" "To support the new :class:`collections.OrderedDict` type, :func:`json.load` " "now has an optional *object_pairs_hook* parameter that will be called with " "any object literal that decodes to a list of pairs. (Contributed by Raymond " "Hettinger; :issue:`5381`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1403 msgid "" "The :mod:`mailbox` module's :class:`~mailbox.Maildir` class now records the " "timestamp on the directories it reads, and only re-reads them if the " "modification time has subsequently changed. This improves performance by " "avoiding unneeded directory scans. (Fixed by A.M. Kuchling and Antoine " "Pitrou; :issue:`1607951`, :issue:`6896`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1409 msgid "" "New functions: the :mod:`math` module gained :func:`~math.erf` and :func:" "`~math.erfc` for the error function and the complementary error function, :" "func:`~math.expm1` which computes ``e**x - 1`` with more precision than " "using :func:`~math.exp` and subtracting 1, :func:`~math.gamma` for the Gamma " "function, and :func:`~math.lgamma` for the natural log of the Gamma " "function. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson and nirinA raseliarison; :issue:" "`3366`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1417 msgid "" "The :mod:`multiprocessing` module's :class:`Manager*` classes can now be " "passed a callable that will be called whenever a subprocess is started, " "along with a set of arguments that will be passed to the callable. " "(Contributed by lekma; :issue:`5585`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1423 msgid "" "The :class:`~multiprocessing.Pool` class, which controls a pool of worker " "processes, now has an optional *maxtasksperchild* parameter. Worker " "processes will perform the specified number of tasks and then exit, causing " "the :class:`~multiprocessing.Pool` to start a new worker. This is useful if " "tasks may leak memory or other resources, or if some tasks will cause the " "worker to become very large. (Contributed by Charles Cazabon; :issue:`6963`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1431 msgid "" "The :mod:`nntplib` module now supports IPv6 addresses. (Contributed by Derek " "Morr; :issue:`1664`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1434 msgid "" "New functions: the :mod:`os` module wraps the following POSIX system calls: :" "func:`~os.getresgid` and :func:`~os.getresuid`, which return the real, " "effective, and saved GIDs and UIDs; :func:`~os.setresgid` and :func:`~os." "setresuid`, which set real, effective, and saved GIDs and UIDs to new " "values; :func:`~os.initgroups`, which initialize the group access list for " "the current process. (GID/UID functions contributed by Travis H.; :issue:" "`6508`. Support for initgroups added by Jean-Paul Calderone; :issue:`7333`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1444 msgid "" "The :func:`os.fork` function now re-initializes the import lock in the child " "process; this fixes problems on Solaris when :func:`~os.fork` is called from " "a thread. (Fixed by Zsolt Cserna; :issue:`7242`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1448 msgid "" "In the :mod:`os.path` module, the :func:`~os.path.normpath` and :func:`~os." "path.abspath` functions now preserve Unicode; if their input path is a " "Unicode string, the return value is also a Unicode string. (:meth:`~os.path." "normpath` fixed by Matt Giuca in :issue:`5827`; :meth:`~os.path.abspath` " "fixed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`3426`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1454 msgid "" "The :mod:`pydoc` module now has help for the various symbols that Python " "uses. You can now do ``help('<<')`` or ``help('@')``, for example. " "(Contributed by David Laban; :issue:`4739`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1458 msgid "" "The :mod:`re` module's :func:`~re.split`, :func:`~re.sub`, and :func:`~re." "subn` now accept an optional *flags* argument, for consistency with the " "other functions in the module. (Added by Gregory P. Smith.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1462 msgid "" "New function: :func:`~runpy.run_path` in the :mod:`runpy` module will " "execute the code at a provided *path* argument. *path* can be the path of a " "Python source file (:file:`example.py`), a compiled bytecode file (:file:" "`example.pyc`), a directory (:file:`./package/`), or a zip archive (:file:" "`example.zip`). If a directory or zip path is provided, it will be added to " "the front of ``sys.path`` and the module :mod:`__main__` will be imported. " "It's expected that the directory or zip contains a :file:`__main__.py`; if " "it doesn't, some other :file:`__main__.py` might be imported from a location " "later in ``sys.path``. This makes more of the machinery of :mod:`runpy` " "available to scripts that want to mimic the way Python's command line " "processes an explicit path name. (Added by Nick Coghlan; :issue:`6816`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1476 msgid "" "New function: in the :mod:`shutil` module, :func:`~shutil.make_archive` " "takes a filename, archive type (zip or tar-format), and a directory path, " "and creates an archive containing the directory's contents. (Added by Tarek " "Ziadé.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1481 msgid "" ":mod:`shutil`'s :func:`~shutil.copyfile` and :func:`~shutil.copytree` " "functions now raise a :exc:`~shutil.SpecialFileError` exception when asked " "to copy a named pipe. Previously the code would treat named pipes like a " "regular file by opening them for reading, and this would block " "indefinitely. (Fixed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`3002`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1487 msgid "" "The :mod:`signal` module no longer re-installs the signal handler unless " "this is truly necessary, which fixes a bug that could make it impossible to " "catch the EINTR signal robustly. (Fixed by Charles-Francois Natali; :issue:" "`8354`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1492 msgid "" "New functions: in the :mod:`site` module, three new functions return various " "site- and user-specific paths. :func:`~site.getsitepackages` returns a list " "containing all global site-packages directories, :func:`~site." "getusersitepackages` returns the path of the user's site-packages directory, " "and :func:`~site.getuserbase` returns the value of the :envvar:`USER_BASE` " "environment variable, giving the path to a directory that can be used to " "store data. (Contributed by Tarek Ziadé; :issue:`6693`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1503 msgid "" "The :mod:`site` module now reports exceptions occurring when the :mod:" "`sitecustomize` module is imported, and will no longer catch and swallow " "the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` exception. (Fixed by Victor Stinner; :issue:" "`3137`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1508 msgid "" "The :func:`~socket.create_connection` function gained a *source_address* " "parameter, a ``(host, port)`` 2-tuple giving the source address that will be " "used for the connection. (Contributed by Eldon Ziegler; :issue:`3972`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1513 msgid "" "The :meth:`~socket.socket.recv_into` and :meth:`~socket.socket." "recvfrom_into` methods will now write into objects that support the buffer " "API, most usefully the :class:`bytearray` and :class:`memoryview` objects. " "(Implemented by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8104`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1518 msgid "" "The :mod:`SocketServer` module's :class:`~SocketServer.TCPServer` class now " "supports socket timeouts and disabling the Nagle algorithm. The :attr:" "`~SocketServer.TCPServer.disable_nagle_algorithm` class attribute defaults " "to ``False``; if overridden to be true, new request connections will have " "the TCP_NODELAY option set to prevent buffering many small sends into a " "single TCP packet. The :attr:`~SocketServer.BaseServer.timeout` class " "attribute can hold a timeout in seconds that will be applied to the request " "socket; if no request is received within that time, :meth:`~SocketServer." "BaseServer.handle_timeout` will be called and :meth:`~SocketServer." "BaseServer.handle_request` will return. (Contributed by Kristján Valur " "Jónsson; :issue:`6192` and :issue:`6267`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1530 msgid "" "Updated module: the :mod:`sqlite3` module has been updated to version 2.6.0 " "of the `pysqlite package `__. Version " "2.6.0 includes a number of bugfixes, and adds the ability to load SQLite " "extensions from shared libraries. Call the ``enable_load_extension(True)`` " "method to enable extensions, and then call :meth:`~sqlite3.Connection." "load_extension` to load a particular shared library. (Updated by Gerhard " "Häring.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1537 msgid "" "The :mod:`ssl` module's :class:`~ssl.SSLSocket` objects now support the " "buffer API, which fixed a test suite failure (fix by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:" "`7133`) and automatically set OpenSSL's :c:macro:`SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY`, " "which will prevent an error code being returned from :meth:`recv` operations " "that trigger an SSL renegotiation (fix by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8222`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1544 msgid "" "The :func:`ssl.wrap_socket` constructor function now takes a *ciphers* " "argument that's a string listing the encryption algorithms to be allowed; " "the format of the string is described `in the OpenSSL documentation `__. (Added by Antoine " "Pitrou; :issue:`8322`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1551 msgid "" "Another change makes the extension load all of OpenSSL's ciphers and digest " "algorithms so that they're all available. Some SSL certificates couldn't be " "verified, reporting an \"unknown algorithm\" error. (Reported by Beda " "Kosata, and fixed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8484`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1557 msgid "" "The version of OpenSSL being used is now available as the module attributes :" "data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string), :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-" "tuple), and :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer). (Added by " "Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8321`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1563 msgid "" "The :mod:`struct` module will no longer silently ignore overflow errors when " "a value is too large for a particular integer format code (one of " "``bBhHiIlLqQ``); it now always raises a :exc:`struct.error` exception. " "(Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`1523`.) The :func:`~struct.pack` " "function will also attempt to use :meth:`__index__` to convert and pack non-" "integers before trying the :meth:`__int__` method or reporting an error. " "(Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`8300`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1572 msgid "" "New function: the :mod:`subprocess` module's :func:`~subprocess." "check_output` runs a command with a specified set of arguments and returns " "the command's output as a string when the command runs without error, or " "raises a :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` exception otherwise." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1587 msgid "(Contributed by Gregory P. Smith.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1589 msgid "" "The :mod:`subprocess` module will now retry its internal system calls on " "receiving an :const:`EINTR` signal. (Reported by several people; final " "patch by Gregory P. Smith in :issue:`1068268`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1593 msgid "" "New function: :func:`~symtable.Symbol.is_declared_global` in the :mod:" "`symtable` module returns true for variables that are explicitly declared to " "be global, false for ones that are implicitly global. (Contributed by Jeremy " "Hylton.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2496 msgid "" "The :mod:`syslog` module will now use the value of ``sys.argv[0]`` as the " "identifier instead of the previous default value of ``'python'``. (Changed " "by Sean Reifschneider; :issue:`8451`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1602 msgid "" "The ``sys.version_info`` value is now a named tuple, with attributes named :" "attr:`major`, :attr:`minor`, :attr:`micro`, :attr:`releaselevel`, and :attr:" "`serial`. (Contributed by Ross Light; :issue:`4285`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1607 msgid "" ":func:`sys.getwindowsversion` also returns a named tuple, with attributes " "named :attr:`major`, :attr:`minor`, :attr:`build`, :attr:`platform`, :attr:" "`service_pack`, :attr:`service_pack_major`, :attr:`service_pack_minor`, :" "attr:`suite_mask`, and :attr:`product_type`. (Contributed by Brian Curtin; :" "issue:`7766`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2500 msgid "" "The :mod:`tarfile` module's default error handling has changed, to no longer " "suppress fatal errors. The default error level was previously 0, which " "meant that errors would only result in a message being written to the debug " "log, but because the debug log is not activated by default, these errors go " "unnoticed. The default error level is now 1, which raises an exception if " "there's an error. (Changed by Lars Gustäbel; :issue:`7357`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1621 msgid "" ":mod:`tarfile` now supports filtering the :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` objects " "being added to a tar file. When you call :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.add`, you " "may supply an optional *filter* argument that's a callable. The *filter* " "callable will be passed the :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` for every file being " "added, and can modify and return it. If the callable returns ``None``, the " "file will be excluded from the resulting archive. This is more powerful " "than the existing *exclude* argument, which has therefore been deprecated. " "(Added by Lars Gustäbel; :issue:`6856`.) The :class:`~tarfile.TarFile` class " "also now supports the context management protocol. (Added by Lars Gustäbel; :" "issue:`7232`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1633 msgid "" "The :meth:`~threading.Event.wait` method of the :class:`threading.Event` " "class now returns the internal flag on exit. This means the method will " "usually return true because :meth:`~threading.Event.wait` is supposed to " "block until the internal flag becomes true. The return value will only be " "false if a timeout was provided and the operation timed out. (Contributed by " "Tim Lesher; :issue:`1674032`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1640 msgid "" "The Unicode database provided by the :mod:`unicodedata` module is now used " "internally to determine which characters are numeric, whitespace, or " "represent line breaks. The database also includes information from the :" "file:`Unihan.txt` data file (patch by Anders Chrigström and Amaury Forgeot " "d'Arc; :issue:`1571184`) and has been updated to version 5.2.0 (updated by " "Florent Xicluna; :issue:`8024`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2508 msgid "" "The :mod:`urlparse` module's :func:`~urlparse.urlsplit` now handles unknown " "URL schemes in a fashion compliant with :rfc:`3986`: if the URL is of the " "form ``\"://...\"``, the text before the ``://`` is treated as " "the scheme, even if it's a made-up scheme that the module doesn't know " "about. This change may break code that worked around the old behaviour. " "For example, Python 2.6.4 or 2.5 will return the following:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2523 msgid "Python 2.7 (and Python 2.6.5) will return:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2532 msgid "" "(Python 2.7 actually produces slightly different output, since it returns a " "named tuple instead of a standard tuple.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1675 msgid "" "The :mod:`urlparse` module also supports IPv6 literal addresses as defined " "by :rfc:`2732` (contributed by Senthil Kumaran; :issue:`2987`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1685 msgid "" "New class: the :class:`~weakref.WeakSet` class in the :mod:`weakref` module " "is a set that only holds weak references to its elements; elements will be " "removed once there are no references pointing to them. (Originally " "implemented in Python 3.x by Raymond Hettinger, and backported to 2.7 by " "Michael Foord.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2486 msgid "" "The ElementTree library, :mod:`xml.etree`, no longer escapes ampersands and " "angle brackets when outputting an XML processing instruction (which looks " "like ````) or comment (which looks like " "````). (Patch by Neil Muller; :issue:`2746`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1697 msgid "" "The XML-RPC client and server, provided by the :mod:`xmlrpclib` and :mod:" "`SimpleXMLRPCServer` modules, have improved performance by supporting " "HTTP/1.1 keep-alive and by optionally using gzip encoding to compress the " "XML being exchanged. The gzip compression is controlled by the :attr:" "`encode_threshold` attribute of :class:`SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler`, which " "contains a size in bytes; responses larger than this will be compressed. " "(Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; :issue:`6267`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1706 msgid "" "The :mod:`zipfile` module's :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` now supports the " "context management protocol, so you can write ``with zipfile.ZipFile(...) as " "f:``. (Contributed by Brian Curtin; :issue:`5511`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1710 msgid "" ":mod:`zipfile` now also supports archiving empty directories and extracts " "them correctly. (Fixed by Kuba Wieczorek; :issue:`4710`.) Reading files out " "of an archive is faster, and interleaving :meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.read` and :" "meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.readline` now works correctly. (Contributed by Nir " "Aides; :issue:`7610`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1716 msgid "" "The :func:`~zipfile.is_zipfile` function now accepts a file object, in " "addition to the path names accepted in earlier versions. (Contributed by " "Gabriel Genellina; :issue:`4756`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1720 msgid "" "The :meth:`~zipfile.ZipFile.writestr` method now has an optional " "*compress_type* parameter that lets you override the default compression " "method specified in the :class:`~zipfile.ZipFile` constructor. (Contributed " "by Ronald Oussoren; :issue:`6003`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1733 msgid "New module: importlib" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1735 msgid "" "Python 3.1 includes the :mod:`importlib` package, a re-implementation of the " "logic underlying Python's :keyword:`import` statement. :mod:`importlib` is " "useful for implementors of Python interpreters and to users who wish to " "write new importers that can participate in the import process. Python 2.7 " "doesn't contain the complete :mod:`importlib` package, but instead has a " "tiny subset that contains a single function, :func:`~importlib." "import_module`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1743 msgid "" "``import_module(name, package=None)`` imports a module. *name* is a string " "containing the module or package's name. It's possible to do relative " "imports by providing a string that begins with a ``.`` character, such as " "``..utils.errors``. For relative imports, the *package* argument must be " "provided and is the name of the package that will be used as the anchor for " "the relative import. :func:`~importlib.import_module` both inserts the " "imported module into ``sys.modules`` and returns the module object." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1752 msgid "Here are some examples::" msgstr "Voici quelques exemples ::" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1763 msgid "" ":mod:`importlib` was implemented by Brett Cannon and introduced in Python " "3.1." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1768 msgid "New module: sysconfig" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1770 msgid "" "The :mod:`sysconfig` module has been pulled out of the Distutils package, " "becoming a new top-level module in its own right. :mod:`sysconfig` provides " "functions for getting information about Python's build process: compiler " "switches, installation paths, the platform name, and whether Python is " "running from its source directory." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1777 #, fuzzy msgid "Some of the functions in the module are:" msgstr "Voici quelques fonctions de ce module :" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1779 msgid "" ":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_var` returns variables from Python's Makefile " "and the :file:`pyconfig.h` file." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1781 msgid "" ":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_vars` returns a dictionary containing all of " "the configuration variables." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1783 msgid "" ":func:`~sysconfig.get_path` returns the configured path for a particular " "type of module: the standard library, site-specific modules, platform-" "specific modules, etc." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1786 msgid "" ":func:`~sysconfig.is_python_build` returns true if you're running a binary " "from a Python source tree, and false otherwise." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1789 msgid "" "Consult the :mod:`sysconfig` documentation for more details and for a " "complete list of functions." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1792 msgid "" "The Distutils package and :mod:`sysconfig` are now maintained by Tarek " "Ziadé, who has also started a Distutils2 package (source repository at " "https://hg.python.org/distutils2/) for developing a next-generation version " "of Distutils." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1799 msgid "ttk: Themed Widgets for Tk" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1801 msgid "" "Tcl/Tk 8.5 includes a set of themed widgets that re-implement basic Tk " "widgets but have a more customizable appearance and can therefore more " "closely resemble the native platform's widgets. This widget set was " "originally called Tile, but was renamed to Ttk (for \"themed Tk\") on being " "added to Tcl/Tck release 8.5." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1807 msgid "" "To learn more, read the :mod:`ttk` module documentation. You may also wish " "to read the Tcl/Tk manual page describing the Ttk theme engine, available at " "https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/ttk_intro.htm. Some screenshots of the " "Python/Ttk code in use are at https://code.google.com/archive/p/python-ttk/" "wikis/Screenshots.wiki." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1814 msgid "" "The :mod:`ttk` module was written by Guilherme Polo and added in :issue:" "`2983`. An alternate version called ``Tile.py``, written by Martin Franklin " "and maintained by Kevin Walzer, was proposed for inclusion in :issue:`2618`, " "but the authors argued that Guilherme Polo's work was more comprehensive." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1824 msgid "Updated module: unittest" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1826 msgid "" "The :mod:`unittest` module was greatly enhanced; many new features were " "added. Most of these features were implemented by Michael Foord, unless " "otherwise noted. The enhanced version of the module is downloadable " "separately for use with Python versions 2.4 to 2.6, packaged as the :mod:" "`unittest2` package, from https://pypi.org/project/unittest2." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1833 msgid "" "When used from the command line, the module can automatically discover " "tests. It's not as fancy as `py.test `__ or `nose " "`__, but provides a simple way to run tests " "kept within a set of package directories. For example, the following " "command will search the :file:`test/` subdirectory for any importable test " "files named ``test*.py``::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1842 msgid "" "Consult the :mod:`unittest` module documentation for more details. " "(Developed in :issue:`6001`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1845 msgid "The :func:`~unittest.main` function supports some other new options:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1847 msgid "" ":option:`-b ` or :option:`!--buffer` will buffer the standard " "output and standard error streams during each test. If the test passes, any " "resulting output will be discarded; on failure, the buffered output will be " "displayed." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1852 msgid "" ":option:`-c ` or :option:`!--catch` will cause the control-C " "interrupt to be handled more gracefully. Instead of interrupting the test " "process immediately, the currently running test will be completed and then " "the partial results up to the interruption will be reported. If you're " "impatient, a second press of control-C will cause an immediate interruption." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1859 msgid "" "This control-C handler tries to avoid causing problems when the code being " "tested or the tests being run have defined a signal handler of their own, by " "noticing that a signal handler was already set and calling it. If this " "doesn't work for you, there's a :func:`~unittest.removeHandler` decorator " "that can be used to mark tests that should have the control-C handling " "disabled." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1866 msgid "" ":option:`-f ` or :option:`!--failfast` makes test execution " "stop immediately when a test fails instead of continuing to execute further " "tests. (Suggested by Cliff Dyer and implemented by Michael Foord; :issue:" "`8074`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1871 msgid "" "The progress messages now show 'x' for expected failures and 'u' for " "unexpected successes when run in verbose mode. (Contributed by Benjamin " "Peterson.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1875 msgid "" "Test cases can raise the :exc:`~unittest.SkipTest` exception to skip a test " "(:issue:`1034053`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1878 msgid "" "The error messages for :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`, :meth:" "`~unittest.TestCase.assertTrue`, and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertFalse` " "failures now provide more information. If you set the :attr:`~unittest." "TestCase.longMessage` attribute of your :class:`~unittest.TestCase` classes " "to true, both the standard error message and any additional message you " "provide will be printed for failures. (Added by Michael Foord; :issue:" "`5663`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1885 msgid "" "The :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRaises` method now returns a context " "handler when called without providing a callable object to run. For " "example, you can write this::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1892 msgid "(Implemented by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`4444`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1896 msgid "" "Module- and class-level setup and teardown fixtures are now supported. " "Modules can contain :func:`~unittest.setUpModule` and :func:`~unittest." "tearDownModule` functions. Classes can have :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "setUpClass` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.tearDownClass` methods that must " "be defined as class methods (using ``@classmethod`` or equivalent). These " "functions and methods are invoked when the test runner switches to a test " "case in a different module or class." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1904 msgid "" "The methods :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` and :meth:`~unittest." "TestCase.doCleanups` were added. :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.addCleanup` lets " "you add cleanup functions that will be called unconditionally (after :meth:" "`~unittest.TestCase.setUp` if :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.setUp` fails, " "otherwise after :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.tearDown`). This allows for much " "simpler resource allocation and deallocation during tests (:issue:`5679`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1912 msgid "" "A number of new methods were added that provide more specialized tests. " "Many of these methods were written by Google engineers for use in their test " "suites; Gregory P. Smith, Michael Foord, and GvR worked on merging them into " "Python's version of :mod:`unittest`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1917 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsNone` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "assertIsNotNone` take one expression and verify that the result is or is not " "``None``." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1920 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIs` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "assertIsNot` take two values and check whether the two values evaluate to " "the same object or not. (Added by Michael Foord; :issue:`2578`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1924 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIsInstance` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "assertNotIsInstance` check whether the resulting object is an instance of a " "particular class, or of one of a tuple of classes. (Added by Georg Brandl; :" "issue:`7031`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1929 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertGreater`, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "assertGreaterEqual`, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertLess`, and :meth:" "`~unittest.TestCase.assertLessEqual` compare two quantities." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1933 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertMultiLineEqual` compares two strings, and if " "they're not equal, displays a helpful comparison that highlights the " "differences in the two strings. This comparison is now used by default when " "Unicode strings are compared with :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1938 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRegexpMatches` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "assertNotRegexpMatches` checks whether the first argument is a string " "matching or not matching the regular expression provided as the second " "argument (:issue:`8038`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1943 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegexp` checks whether a particular " "exception is raised, and then also checks that the string representation of " "the exception matches the provided regular expression." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1947 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertIn` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "assertNotIn` tests whether *first* is or is not in *second*." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1950 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertItemsEqual` tests whether two provided " "sequences contain the same elements." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1953 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertSetEqual` compares whether two sets are " "equal, and only reports the differences between the sets in case of error." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1956 msgid "" "Similarly, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertListEqual` and :meth:`~unittest." "TestCase.assertTupleEqual` compare the specified types and explain any " "differences without necessarily printing their full values; these methods " "are now used by default when comparing lists and tuples using :meth:" "`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`. More generally, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "assertSequenceEqual` compares two sequences and can optionally check whether " "both sequences are of a particular type." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1964 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertDictEqual` compares two dictionaries and " "reports the differences; it's now used by default when you compare two " "dictionaries using :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual`. :meth:`~unittest." "TestCase.assertDictContainsSubset` checks whether all of the key/value pairs " "in *first* are found in *second*." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1969 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertAlmostEqual` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "assertNotAlmostEqual` test whether *first* and *second* are approximately " "equal. This method can either round their difference to an optionally " "specified number of *places* (the default is 7) and compare it to zero, or " "require the difference to be smaller than a supplied *delta* value." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1975 msgid "" ":meth:`~unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromName` properly honors the :attr:" "`~unittest.TestLoader.suiteClass` attribute of the :class:`~unittest." "TestLoader`. (Fixed by Mark Roddy; :issue:`6866`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1979 msgid "" "A new hook lets you extend the :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertEqual` method " "to handle new data types. The :meth:`~unittest.TestCase." "addTypeEqualityFunc` method takes a type object and a function. The function " "will be used when both of the objects being compared are of the specified " "type. This function should compare the two objects and raise an exception " "if they don't match; it's a good idea for the function to provide additional " "information about why the two objects aren't matching, much as the new " "sequence comparison methods do." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1988 msgid "" ":func:`unittest.main` now takes an optional ``exit`` argument. If false, :" "func:`~unittest.main` doesn't call :func:`sys.exit`, allowing :func:" "`~unittest.main` to be used from the interactive interpreter. (Contributed " "by J. Pablo Fernández; :issue:`3379`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1993 msgid "" ":class:`~unittest.TestResult` has new :meth:`~unittest.TestResult." "startTestRun` and :meth:`~unittest.TestResult.stopTestRun` methods that are " "called immediately before and after a test run. (Contributed by Robert " "Collins; :issue:`5728`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:1997 msgid "" "With all these changes, the :file:`unittest.py` was becoming awkwardly " "large, so the module was turned into a package and the code split into " "several files (by Benjamin Peterson). This doesn't affect how the module is " "imported or used." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2005 msgid "" "https://web.archive.org/web/20210619163128/http://www.voidspace.org.uk/" "python/articles/unittest2.shtml" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2005 msgid "" "Describes the new features, how to use them, and the rationale for various " "design decisions. (By Michael Foord.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2011 msgid "Updated module: ElementTree 1.3" msgstr "Module mis-à-jour : ElementTree 1.3" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2013 msgid "" "The version of the ElementTree library included with Python was updated to " "version 1.3. Some of the new features are:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2016 msgid "" "The various parsing functions now take a *parser* keyword argument giving " "an :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser` instance that will be used. " "This makes it possible to override the file's internal encoding::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2023 msgid "" "Errors in parsing XML now raise a :exc:`ParseError` exception, whose " "instances have a :attr:`position` attribute containing a (*line*, *column*) " "tuple giving the location of the problem." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2027 msgid "" "ElementTree's code for converting trees to a string has been significantly " "reworked, making it roughly twice as fast in many cases. The :meth:" "`ElementTree.write() ` and :meth:" "`Element.write` methods now have a *method* parameter that can be " "\"xml\" (the default), \"html\", or \"text\". HTML mode will output empty " "elements as ```` instead of ````, and text mode will " "skip over elements and only output the text chunks. If you set the :attr:" "`tag` attribute of an element to ``None`` but leave its children in place, " "the element will be omitted when the tree is written out, so you don't need " "to do more extensive rearrangement to remove a single element." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2039 msgid "" "Namespace handling has also been improved. All ``xmlns:`` " "declarations are now output on the root element, not scattered throughout " "the resulting XML. You can set the default namespace for a tree by setting " "the :attr:`default_namespace` attribute and can register new prefixes with :" "meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.register_namespace`. In XML mode, you can use " "the true/false *xml_declaration* parameter to suppress the XML declaration." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2047 msgid "" "New :class:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element` method: :meth:`~xml.etree." "ElementTree.Element.extend` appends the items from a sequence to the " "element's children. Elements themselves behave like sequences, so it's easy " "to move children from one element to another::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2064 msgid "" "New :class:`Element` method: :meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.iter` " "yields the children of the element as a generator. It's also possible to " "write ``for child in elem:`` to loop over an element's children. The " "existing method :meth:`getiterator` is now deprecated, as is :meth:" "`getchildren` which constructs and returns a list of children." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2071 msgid "" "New :class:`Element` method: :meth:`~xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.itertext` " "yields all chunks of text that are descendants of the element. For example::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2082 msgid "" "Deprecated: using an element as a Boolean (i.e., ``if elem:``) would return " "true if the element had any children, or false if there were no children. " "This behaviour is confusing -- ``None`` is false, but so is a childless " "element? -- so it will now trigger a :exc:`FutureWarning`. In your code, " "you should be explicit: write ``len(elem) != 0`` if you're interested in the " "number of children, or ``elem is not None``." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2090 msgid "" "Fredrik Lundh develops ElementTree and produced the 1.3 version; you can " "read his article describing 1.3 at https://web.archive.org/" "web/20200703234532/http://effbot.org/zone/elementtree-13-intro.htm. Florent " "Xicluna updated the version included with Python, after discussions on " "python-dev and in :issue:`6472`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2100 msgid "Build and C API Changes" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2102 msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2104 msgid "" "The latest release of the GNU Debugger, GDB 7, can be `scripted using Python " "`__. When you " "begin debugging an executable program P, GDB will look for a file named ``P-" "gdb.py`` and automatically read it. Dave Malcolm contributed a :file:" "`python-gdb.py` that adds a number of commands useful when debugging Python " "itself. For example, ``py-up`` and ``py-down`` go up or down one Python " "stack frame, which usually corresponds to several C stack frames. ``py-" "print`` prints the value of a Python variable, and ``py-bt`` prints the " "Python stack trace. (Added as a result of :issue:`8032`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2116 msgid "" "If you use the :file:`.gdbinit` file provided with Python, the \"pyo\" macro " "in the 2.7 version now works correctly when the thread being debugged " "doesn't hold the GIL; the macro now acquires it before printing. " "(Contributed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`3632`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2121 msgid "" ":c:func:`Py_AddPendingCall` is now thread-safe, letting any worker thread " "submit notifications to the main Python thread. This is particularly useful " "for asynchronous IO operations. (Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson; :" "issue:`4293`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2126 msgid "" "New function: :c:func:`PyCode_NewEmpty` creates an empty code object; only " "the filename, function name, and first line number are required. This is " "useful for extension modules that are attempting to construct a more useful " "traceback stack. Previously such extensions needed to call :c:func:" "`PyCode_New`, which had many more arguments. (Added by Jeffrey Yasskin.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2133 msgid "" "New function: :c:func:`PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc` creates a new exception " "class, just as the existing :c:func:`PyErr_NewException` does, but takes an " "extra ``char *`` argument containing the docstring for the new exception " "class. (Added by 'lekma' on the Python bug tracker; :issue:`7033`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2139 msgid "" "New function: :c:func:`PyFrame_GetLineNumber` takes a frame object and " "returns the line number that the frame is currently executing. Previously " "code would need to get the index of the bytecode instruction currently " "executing, and then look up the line number corresponding to that address. " "(Added by Jeffrey Yasskin.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2145 msgid "" "New functions: :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow` and :c:func:" "`PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow` approximates a Python long integer as a C :c:" "expr:`long` or :c:expr:`long long`. If the number is too large to fit into " "the output type, an *overflow* flag is set and returned to the caller. " "(Contributed by Case Van Horsen; :issue:`7528` and :issue:`7767`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2152 msgid "" "New function: stemming from the rewrite of string-to-float conversion, a " "new :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function was added. The old :c:func:" "`PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`PyOS_ascii_atof` functions are now " "deprecated." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2157 msgid "" "New function: :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` sets the value of ``sys.argv`` and " "can optionally update ``sys.path`` to include the directory containing the " "script named by ``sys.argv[0]`` depending on the value of an *updatepath* " "parameter." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2162 msgid "" "This function was added to close a security hole for applications that embed " "Python. The old function, :c:func:`PySys_SetArgv`, would always update " "``sys.path``, and sometimes it would add the current directory. This meant " "that, if you ran an application embedding Python in a directory controlled " "by someone else, attackers could put a Trojan-horse module in the directory " "(say, a file named :file:`os.py`) that your application would then import " "and run." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2170 msgid "" "If you maintain a C/C++ application that embeds Python, check whether you're " "calling :c:func:`PySys_SetArgv` and carefully consider whether the " "application should be using :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` with *updatepath* set " "to false." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2175 msgid "" "Security issue reported as `CVE-2008-5983 `_; discussed in :issue:`5753`, and fixed by " "Antoine Pitrou." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2179 msgid "" "New macros: the Python header files now define the following macros: :c:" "macro:`Py_ISALNUM`, :c:macro:`Py_ISALPHA`, :c:macro:`Py_ISDIGIT`, :c:macro:" "`Py_ISLOWER`, :c:macro:`Py_ISSPACE`, :c:macro:`Py_ISUPPER`, :c:macro:" "`Py_ISXDIGIT`, :c:macro:`Py_TOLOWER`, and :c:macro:`Py_TOUPPER`. All of " "these functions are analogous to the C standard macros for classifying " "characters, but ignore the current locale setting, because in several places " "Python needs to analyze characters in a locale-independent way. (Added by " "Eric Smith; :issue:`5793`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2197 msgid "" "Removed function: :c:macro:`PyEval_CallObject` is now only available as a " "macro. A function version was being kept around to preserve ABI linking " "compatibility, but that was in 1997; it can certainly be deleted by now. " "(Removed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8276`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2202 msgid "" "New format codes: the :c:func:`PyFormat_FromString`, :c:func:" "`PyFormat_FromStringV`, and :c:func:`PyErr_Format` functions now accept " "``%lld`` and ``%llu`` format codes for displaying C's :c:expr:`long long` " "types. (Contributed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`7228`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2208 msgid "" "The complicated interaction between threads and process forking has been " "changed. Previously, the child process created by :func:`os.fork` might " "fail because the child is created with only a single thread running, the " "thread performing the :func:`os.fork`. If other threads were holding a lock, " "such as Python's import lock, when the fork was performed, the lock would " "still be marked as \"held\" in the new process. But in the child process " "nothing would ever release the lock, since the other threads weren't " "replicated, and the child process would no longer be able to perform imports." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2218 msgid "" "Python 2.7 acquires the import lock before performing an :func:`os.fork`, " "and will also clean up any locks created using the :mod:`threading` module. " "C extension modules that have internal locks, or that call :c:func:`fork()` " "themselves, will not benefit from this clean-up." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2224 msgid "(Fixed by Thomas Wouters; :issue:`1590864`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2226 msgid "" "The :c:func:`Py_Finalize` function now calls the internal :func:`threading." "_shutdown` function; this prevents some exceptions from being raised when an " "interpreter shuts down. (Patch by Adam Olsen; :issue:`1722344`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2231 msgid "" "When using the :c:type:`PyMemberDef` structure to define attributes of a " "type, Python will no longer let you try to delete or set a :const:" "`T_STRING_INPLACE` attribute." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2237 msgid "" "Global symbols defined by the :mod:`ctypes` module are now prefixed with " "``Py``, or with ``_ctypes``. (Implemented by Thomas Heller; :issue:`3102`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2241 msgid "" "New configure option: the :option:`!--with-system-expat` switch allows " "building the :mod:`pyexpat` module to use the system Expat library. " "(Contributed by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis; :issue:`7609`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2245 msgid "" "New configure option: the :option:`!--with-valgrind` option will now disable " "the pymalloc allocator, which is difficult for the Valgrind memory-error " "detector to analyze correctly. Valgrind will therefore be better at " "detecting memory leaks and overruns. (Contributed by James Henstridge; :" "issue:`2422`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2252 msgid "" "New configure option: you can now supply an empty string to :option:`!--with-" "dbmliborder=` in order to disable all of the various DBM modules. (Added by " "Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis; :issue:`6491`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2257 msgid "" "The :program:`configure` script now checks for floating-point rounding bugs " "on certain 32-bit Intel chips and defines a :c:macro:`X87_DOUBLE_ROUNDING` " "preprocessor definition. No code currently uses this definition, but it's " "available if anyone wishes to use it. (Added by Mark Dickinson; :issue:" "`2937`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2263 msgid "" ":program:`configure` also now sets a :envvar:`LDCXXSHARED` Makefile variable " "for supporting C++ linking. (Contributed by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar " "Arahesis; :issue:`1222585`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2267 msgid "" "The build process now creates the necessary files for pkg-config support. " "(Contributed by Clinton Roy; :issue:`3585`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2270 msgid "" "The build process now supports Subversion 1.7. (Contributed by Arfrever " "Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis; :issue:`6094`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2277 msgid "Capsules" msgstr "Capsules" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2279 msgid "" "Python 3.1 adds a new C datatype, :c:type:`PyCapsule`, for providing a C API " "to an extension module. A capsule is essentially the holder of a C ``void " "*`` pointer, and is made available as a module attribute; for example, the :" "mod:`socket` module's API is exposed as ``socket.CAPI``, and :mod:" "`unicodedata` exposes ``ucnhash_CAPI``. Other extensions can import the " "module, access its dictionary to get the capsule object, and then get the " "``void *`` pointer, which will usually point to an array of pointers to the " "module's various API functions." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2288 msgid "" "There is an existing data type already used for this, :c:type:`PyCObject`, " "but it doesn't provide type safety. Evil code written in pure Python could " "cause a segmentation fault by taking a :c:type:`PyCObject` from module A and " "somehow substituting it for the :c:type:`PyCObject` in module B. Capsules " "know their own name, and getting the pointer requires providing the name:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2306 msgid "" "You are assured that ``vtable`` points to whatever you're expecting. If a " "different capsule was passed in, :c:func:`PyCapsule_IsValid` would detect " "the mismatched name and return false. Refer to :ref:`using-capsules` for " "more information on using these objects." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2311 msgid "" "Python 2.7 now uses capsules internally to provide various extension-module " "APIs, but the :c:func:`PyCObject_AsVoidPtr` was modified to handle capsules, " "preserving compile-time compatibility with the :c:type:`CObject` interface. " "Use of :c:func:`PyCObject_AsVoidPtr` will signal a :exc:" "`PendingDeprecationWarning`, which is silent by default." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2318 msgid "" "Implemented in Python 3.1 and backported to 2.7 by Larry Hastings; discussed " "in :issue:`5630`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2325 msgid "Port-Specific Changes: Windows" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2327 msgid "" "The :mod:`msvcrt` module now contains some constants from the :file:" "`crtassem.h` header file: :data:`CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION`, :data:" "`VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN`, and :data:`LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX`. " "(Contributed by David Cournapeau; :issue:`4365`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2334 msgid "" "The :mod:`_winreg` module for accessing the registry now implements the :" "func:`~_winreg.CreateKeyEx` and :func:`~_winreg.DeleteKeyEx` functions, " "extended versions of previously supported functions that take several extra " "arguments. The :func:`~_winreg.DisableReflectionKey`, :func:`~_winreg." "EnableReflectionKey`, and :func:`~_winreg.QueryReflectionKey` were also " "tested and documented. (Implemented by Brian Curtin: :issue:`7347`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2342 msgid "" "The new :c:func:`_beginthreadex` API is used to start threads, and the " "native thread-local storage functions are now used. (Contributed by Kristján " "Valur Jónsson; :issue:`3582`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2346 msgid "" "The :func:`os.kill` function now works on Windows. The signal value can be " "the constants :const:`CTRL_C_EVENT`, :const:`CTRL_BREAK_EVENT`, or any " "integer. The first two constants will send :kbd:`Control-C` and :kbd:" "`Control-Break` keystroke events to subprocesses; any other value will use " "the :c:func:`TerminateProcess` API. (Contributed by Miki Tebeka; :issue:" "`1220212`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2353 msgid "" "The :func:`os.listdir` function now correctly fails for an empty path. " "(Fixed by Hirokazu Yamamoto; :issue:`5913`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2356 msgid "" "The :mod:`mimelib` module will now read the MIME database from the Windows " "registry when initializing. (Patch by Gabriel Genellina; :issue:`4969`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2363 msgid "Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2365 msgid "" "The path ``/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages`` is now appended to ``sys." "path``, in order to share added packages between the system installation and " "a user-installed copy of the same version. (Changed by Ronald Oussoren; :" "issue:`4865`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2372 msgid "" "As of 2.7.13, this change was removed. ``/Library/Python/2.7/site-" "packages``, the site-packages directory used by the Apple-supplied system " "Python 2.7 is no longer appended to ``sys.path`` for user-installed Pythons " "such as from the python.org installers. As of macOS 10.12, Apple changed " "how the system site-packages directory is configured, which could cause " "installation of pip components, like setuptools, to fail. Packages " "installed for the system Python will no longer be shared with user-installed " "Pythons. (:issue:`28440`)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2383 msgid "Port-Specific Changes: FreeBSD" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2385 msgid "" "FreeBSD 7.1's :const:`SO_SETFIB` constant, used with :func:`~socket." "getsockopt`/:func:`~socket.setsockopt` to select an alternate routing table, " "is now available in the :mod:`socket` module. (Added by Kyle VanderBeek; :" "issue:`8235`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2391 msgid "Other Changes and Fixes" msgstr "Autres changements et corrections" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2393 msgid "" "Two benchmark scripts, :file:`iobench` and :file:`ccbench`, were added to " "the :file:`Tools` directory. :file:`iobench` measures the speed of the " "built-in file I/O objects returned by :func:`open` while performing various " "operations, and :file:`ccbench` is a concurrency benchmark that tries to " "measure computing throughput, thread switching latency, and IO processing " "bandwidth when performing several tasks using a varying number of threads." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2401 msgid "" "The :file:`Tools/i18n/msgfmt.py` script now understands plural forms in :" "file:`.po` files. (Fixed by Martin von Löwis; :issue:`5464`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2405 msgid "" "When importing a module from a :file:`.pyc` or :file:`.pyo` file with an " "existing :file:`.py` counterpart, the :attr:`co_filename` attributes of the " "resulting code objects are overwritten when the original filename is " "obsolete. This can happen if the file has been renamed, moved, or is " "accessed through different paths. (Patch by Ziga Seilnacht and Jean-Paul " "Calderone; :issue:`1180193`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2412 msgid "" "The :file:`regrtest.py` script now takes a :option:`!--randseed=` switch " "that takes an integer that will be used as the random seed for the :option:" "`!-r` option that executes tests in random order. The :option:`!-r` option " "also reports the seed that was used (Added by Collin Winter.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2418 msgid "" "Another :file:`regrtest.py` switch is :option:`!-j`, which takes an integer " "specifying how many tests run in parallel. This allows reducing the total " "runtime on multi-core machines. This option is compatible with several other " "options, including the :option:`!-R` switch which is known to produce long " "runtimes. (Added by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`6152`.) This can also be used " "with a new :option:`!-F` switch that runs selected tests in a loop until " "they fail. (Added by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`7312`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2427 msgid "" "When executed as a script, the :file:`py_compile.py` module now accepts " "``'-'`` as an argument, which will read standard input for the list of " "filenames to be compiled. (Contributed by Piotr Ożarowski; :issue:`8233`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2435 msgid "Porting to Python 2.7" msgstr "Portage vers Python 2.7" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2437 msgid "" "This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may " "require changes to your code:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2440 msgid "" "The :func:`range` function processes its arguments more consistently; it " "will now call :meth:`__int__` on non-float, non-integer arguments that are " "supplied to it. (Fixed by Alexander Belopolsky; :issue:`1533`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2445 msgid "" "The string :meth:`format` method changed the default precision used for " "floating-point and complex numbers from 6 decimal places to 12, which " "matches the precision used by :func:`str`. (Changed by Eric Smith; :issue:" "`5920`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2450 msgid "" "Because of an optimization for the :keyword:`with` statement, the special " "methods :meth:`__enter__` and :meth:`__exit__` must belong to the object's " "type, and cannot be directly attached to the object's instance. This " "affects new-style classes (derived from :class:`object`) and C extension " "types. (:issue:`6101`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2456 msgid "" "Due to a bug in Python 2.6, the *exc_value* parameter to :meth:`__exit__` " "methods was often the string representation of the exception, not an " "instance. This was fixed in 2.7, so *exc_value* will be an instance as " "expected. (Fixed by Florent Xicluna; :issue:`7853`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2466 msgid "In the standard library:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2468 msgid "" "Operations with :class:`~datetime.datetime` instances that resulted in a " "year falling outside the supported range didn't always raise :exc:" "`OverflowError`. Such errors are now checked more carefully and will now " "raise the exception. (Reported by Mark Leander, patch by Anand B. Pillai and " "Alexander Belopolsky; :issue:`7150`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2474 msgid "" "When using :class:`~decimal.Decimal` instances with a string's :meth:" "`format` method, the default alignment was previously left-alignment. This " "has been changed to right-alignment, which might change the output of your " "programs. (Changed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`6857`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2480 msgid "" "Comparisons involving a signaling NaN value (or ``sNAN``) now signal :const:" "`~decimal.InvalidOperation` instead of silently returning a true or false " "value depending on the comparison operator. Quiet NaN values (or ``NaN``) " "are now hashable. (Fixed by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`7279`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2492 msgid "" "The :meth:`~StringIO.StringIO.readline` method of :class:`~StringIO." "StringIO` objects now does nothing when a negative length is requested, as " "other file-like objects do. (:issue:`7348`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2535 msgid "For C extensions:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2537 msgid "" "C extensions that use integer format codes with the ``PyArg_Parse*`` family " "of functions will now raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception instead of " "triggering a :exc:`DeprecationWarning` (:issue:`5080`)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2541 msgid "" "Use the new :c:func:`PyOS_string_to_double` function instead of the old :c:" "func:`PyOS_ascii_strtod` and :c:func:`PyOS_ascii_atof` functions, which are " "now deprecated." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2545 msgid "For applications that embed Python:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2547 msgid "" "The :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` function was added, letting applications close " "a security hole when the existing :c:func:`PySys_SetArgv` function was " "used. Check whether you're calling :c:func:`PySys_SetArgv` and carefully " "consider whether the application should be using :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` " "with *updatepath* set to false." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2560 msgid "New Features Added to Python 2.7 Maintenance Releases" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2562 msgid "" "New features may be added to Python 2.7 maintenance releases when the " "situation genuinely calls for it. Any such additions must go through the " "Python Enhancement Proposal process, and make a compelling case for why they " "can't be adequately addressed by either adding the new feature solely to " "Python 3, or else by publishing it on the Python Package Index." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2568 msgid "" "In addition to the specific proposals listed below, there is a general " "exemption allowing new ``-3`` warnings to be added in any Python 2.7 " "maintenance release." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2574 msgid "Two new environment variables for debug mode" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2576 msgid "" "In debug mode, the ``[xxx refs]`` statistic is not written by default, the :" "envvar:`PYTHONSHOWREFCOUNT` environment variable now must also be set. " "(Contributed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`31733`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2580 msgid "" "When Python is compiled with ``COUNT_ALLOC`` defined, allocation counts are " "no longer dumped by default anymore: the :envvar:`PYTHONSHOWALLOCCOUNT` " "environment variable must now also be set. Moreover, allocation counts are " "now dumped into stderr, rather than stdout. (Contributed by Victor Stinner; :" "issue:`31692`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2589 msgid "PEP 434: IDLE Enhancement Exception for All Branches" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2591 msgid "" ":pep:`434` describes a general exemption for changes made to the IDLE " "development environment shipped along with Python. This exemption makes it " "possible for the IDLE developers to provide a more consistent user " "experience across all supported versions of Python 2 and 3." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2596 msgid "" "For details of any IDLE changes, refer to the NEWS file for the specific " "release." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2601 msgid "PEP 466: Network Security Enhancements for Python 2.7" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2603 msgid "" ":pep:`466` describes a number of network security enhancement proposals that " "have been approved for inclusion in Python 2.7 maintenance releases, with " "the first of those changes appearing in the Python 2.7.7 release." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2607 msgid ":pep:`466` related features added in Python 2.7.7:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2609 msgid "" ":func:`hmac.compare_digest` was backported from Python 3 to make a timing " "attack resistant comparison operation available to Python 2 applications. " "(Contributed by Alex Gaynor; :issue:`21306`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2613 msgid "" "OpenSSL 1.0.1g was upgraded in the official Windows installers published on " "python.org. (Contributed by Zachary Ware; :issue:`21462`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2616 msgid ":pep:`466` related features added in Python 2.7.8:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2618 msgid "" ":func:`hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac` was backported from Python 3 to make a hashing " "algorithm suitable for secure password storage broadly available to Python 2 " "applications. (Contributed by Alex Gaynor; :issue:`21304`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2622 msgid "" "OpenSSL 1.0.1h was upgraded for the official Windows installers published on " "python.org. (contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`21671` for CVE-2014-0224)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2625 msgid ":pep:`466` related features added in Python 2.7.9:" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2627 msgid "" "Most of Python 3.4's :mod:`ssl` module was backported. This means :mod:`ssl` " "now supports Server Name Indication, TLS1.x settings, access to the platform " "certificate store, the :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` class, and other features. " "(Contributed by Alex Gaynor and David Reid; :issue:`21308`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2632 msgid "" "Refer to the \"Version added: 2.7.9\" notes in the module documentation for " "specific details." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2635 msgid "" ":func:`os.urandom` was changed to cache a file descriptor to ``/dev/" "urandom`` instead of reopening ``/dev/urandom`` on every call. (Contributed " "by Alex Gaynor; :issue:`21305`.)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2639 msgid "" ":data:`hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed` and :data:`hashlib." "algorithms_available` were backported from Python 3 to make it easier for " "Python 2 applications to select the strongest available hash algorithm. " "(Contributed by Alex Gaynor in :issue:`21307`)" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2646 msgid "PEP 477: Backport ensurepip (PEP 453) to Python 2.7" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2648 msgid "" ":pep:`477` approves the inclusion of the :pep:`453` ensurepip module and the " "improved documentation that was enabled by it in the Python 2.7 maintenance " "releases, appearing first in the Python 2.7.9 release." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2654 msgid "Bootstrapping pip By Default" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2656 msgid "" "The new :mod:`ensurepip` module (defined in :pep:`453`) provides a standard " "cross-platform mechanism to bootstrap the pip installer into Python " "installations. The version of ``pip`` included with Python 2.7.9 is ``pip`` " "1.5.6, and future 2.7.x maintenance releases will update the bundled version " "to the latest version of ``pip`` that is available at the time of creating " "the release candidate." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2663 msgid "" "By default, the commands ``pip``, ``pipX`` and ``pipX.Y`` will be installed " "on all platforms (where X.Y stands for the version of the Python " "installation), along with the ``pip`` Python package and its dependencies." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2667 msgid "" "For CPython :ref:`source builds on POSIX systems `, " "the ``make install`` and ``make altinstall`` commands do not bootstrap " "``pip`` by default. This behaviour can be controlled through configure " "options, and overridden through Makefile options." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2672 msgid "" "On Windows and Mac OS X, the CPython installers now default to installing " "``pip`` along with CPython itself (users may opt out of installing it during " "the installation process). Window users will need to opt in to the automatic " "``PATH`` modifications to have ``pip`` available from the command line by " "default, otherwise it can still be accessed through the Python launcher for " "Windows as ``py -m pip``." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2679 msgid "" "As `discussed in the PEP`__, platform packagers may choose not to install " "these commands by default, as long as, when invoked, they provide clear and " "simple directions on how to install them on that platform (usually using the " "system package manager)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2688 msgid "Documentation Changes" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2690 msgid "" "As part of this change, the :ref:`installing-index` and :ref:`distributing-" "index` sections of the documentation have been completely redesigned as " "short getting started and FAQ documents. Most packaging documentation has " "now been moved out to the Python Packaging Authority maintained `Python " "Packaging User Guide `__ and the documentation " "of the individual projects." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2698 msgid "" "However, as this migration is currently still incomplete, the legacy " "versions of those guides remaining available as :ref:`install-index` and :" "ref:`distutils-index`." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2705 msgid ":pep:`453` -- Explicit bootstrapping of pip in Python installations" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2705 msgid "" "PEP written by Donald Stufft and Nick Coghlan, implemented by Donald Stufft, " "Nick Coghlan, Martin von Löwis and Ned Deily." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2709 msgid "" "PEP 476: Enabling certificate verification by default for stdlib http clients" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2711 msgid "" ":pep:`476` updated :mod:`httplib` and modules which use it, such as :mod:" "`urllib2` and :mod:`xmlrpclib`, to now verify that the server presents a " "certificate which is signed by a Certificate Authority in the platform trust " "store and whose hostname matches the hostname being requested by default, " "significantly improving security for many applications. This change was made " "in the Python 2.7.9 release." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2718 msgid "" "For applications which require the old previous behavior, they can pass an " "alternate context::" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2735 msgid "PEP 493: HTTPS verification migration tools for Python 2.7" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2737 msgid "" ":pep:`493` provides additional migration tools to support a more incremental " "infrastructure upgrade process for environments containing applications and " "services relying on the historically permissive processing of server " "certificates when establishing client HTTPS connections. These additions " "were made in the Python 2.7.12 release." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2743 msgid "" "These tools are intended for use in cases where affected applications and " "services can't be modified to explicitly pass a more permissive SSL context " "when establishing the connection." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2747 msgid "" "For applications and services which can't be modified at all, the new " "``PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY`` environment variable may be set to ``0`` to revert an " "entire Python process back to the default permissive behaviour of Python " "2.7.8 and earlier." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2752 msgid "" "For cases where the connection establishment code can't be modified, but the " "overall application can be, the new :func:`ssl._https_verify_certificates` " "function can be used to adjust the default behaviour at runtime." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2758 msgid "New ``make regen-all`` build target" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2760 msgid "" "To simplify cross-compilation, and to ensure that CPython can reliably be " "compiled without requiring an existing version of Python to already be " "available, the autotools-based build system no longer attempts to implicitly " "recompile generated files based on file modification times." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2765 msgid "" "Instead, a new ``make regen-all`` command has been added to force " "regeneration of these files when desired (e.g. after an initial version of " "Python has already been built based on the pregenerated versions)." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2769 msgid "" "More selective regeneration targets are also defined - see :source:`Makefile." "pre.in` for details." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2785 #, fuzzy msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`23404`.)" msgstr "(Contribution par Victor Stinner; :issue:`12049`.)" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2778 msgid "Removal of ``make touch`` build target" msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2780 msgid "" "The ``make touch`` build target previously used to request implicit " "regeneration of generated files by updating their modification times has " "been removed." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2783 msgid "It has been replaced by the new ``make regen-all`` target." msgstr "" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2794 msgid "Acknowledgements" msgstr "Remerciements" #: whatsnew/2.7.rst:2796 msgid "" "The author would like to thank the following people for offering " "suggestions, corrections and assistance with various drafts of this article: " "Nick Coghlan, Philip Jenvey, Ryan Lovett, R. David Murray, Hugh Secker-" "Walker." msgstr ""