# Copyright (C) 2001-2018, Python Software Foundation # For licence information, see README file. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2018-06-28 15:29+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-08 20:24+0200\n" "Last-Translator: Julien Palard \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:9 msgid "Python on Windows FAQ" msgstr "" "Ce n'est pas forcément une question simple. Si vous êtes déjà familier avec " "le lancement de programmes depuis la ligne de commande de Windows alors tout " "semblera évident; Sinon, vous auriez besoin d'être un peu guidé." #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:12 msgid "Contents" msgstr "Sommaire" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:20 msgid "How do I run a Python program under Windows?" msgstr "Comment exécuter un programme Python sous Windows ?" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:22 msgid "" "This is not necessarily a straightforward question. If you are already " "familiar with running programs from the Windows command line then everything " "will seem obvious; otherwise, you might need a little more guidance." msgstr "" "Ce n'est pas forcément une question simple. Si vous êtes déjà familier avec " "le lancement de programmes depuis la ligne de commande de Windows alors tout " "semblera évident; Sinon, vous auriez besoin d'être un peu guidé." #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:None msgid "|Python Development on XP|_" msgstr "|Python Development on XP|_" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:29 msgid "" "This series of screencasts aims to get you up and running with Python on " "Windows XP. The knowledge is distilled into 1.5 hours and will get you up " "and running with the right Python distribution, coding in your choice of " "IDE, and debugging and writing solid code with unit-tests." msgstr "" "Cette série de vidéos a pour but de vous montrer comment utiliser Python sur " "Windows XP. Les explications durent 1 heure et demi et vous permetteront " "d'utiliser la distribution Python adéquate, de développer dans l'IDE de " "votre choix, et de débugger et écrire du code solide accompagné des tests " "unitaires." #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:38 msgid "" "Unless you use some sort of integrated development environment, you will end " "up *typing* Windows commands into what is variously referred to as a \"DOS " "window\" or \"Command prompt window\". Usually you can create such a window " "from your Start menu; under Windows 7 the menu selection is :menuselection:" "`Start --> Programs --> Accessories --> Command Prompt`. You should be able " "to recognize when you have started such a window because you will see a " "Windows \"command prompt\", which usually looks like this:" msgstr "" "A moins que vous n'utilisiez quelque environnement de développement, vous " "devrez entrer des commandes Windows dans ce qui est diversement référé comme " "\"DOS Windows\" ou \"invite de commande Windows\". En général vous pouvez " "ouvrir cette fenêtre depuis le menu Démarrer; sous Windows 7, allez dans :" "Démarrer --> Programmes --> Accessoires --> Invite de commande. Vous serez " "dans la bonne fenêtre quand vous verrez une fenêtre invite de commande qui " "ressemble normalement à ça :" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:50 msgid "" "The letter may be different, and there might be other things after it, so " "you might just as easily see something like:" msgstr "" "La lettre peut être différente, et il peut y avoir d'autres choses à la " "suite, alors il se peut aussi bien que vous voyez quelque chose tel que :" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:57 msgid "" "depending on how your computer has been set up and what else you have " "recently done with it. Once you have started such a window, you are well on " "the way to running Python programs." msgstr "" "selon la configuration de votre ordinateur et ce que vous avez récemment " "fait avec. Une fois que vous avez ouvert cette fenêtre, vous êtes bien " "partis pour pouvoir lancer des programmes Python." #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:61 msgid "" "You need to realize that your Python scripts have to be processed by another " "program called the Python *interpreter*. The interpreter reads your script, " "compiles it into bytecodes, and then executes the bytecodes to run your " "program. So, how do you arrange for the interpreter to handle your Python?" msgstr "" "Retenez que vos scripts Python doivent être traités par un autre programme " "appelé \"l’interpréteur\" Python. L’interpréteur lit votre script, le " "compile en *bytecode*, et exécute le *bytecode* pour faire tourner votre " "programme. Alors, comment faire pour donner votre code Python à " "l'interpréteur ?" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:66 msgid "" "First, you need to make sure that your command window recognises the word " "\"python\" as an instruction to start the interpreter. If you have opened a " "command window, you should try entering the command ``python`` and hitting " "return:" msgstr "" "Tout d'abord, vous devez vous assurer que votre fenêtre d'invite de commande " "reconnaît le mot \"python\" comme une instruction pour démarrer " "l'interpréteur. Si vous avez ouvert une fenêtre de commande, entrez la " "commande ``python``, puis appuyez sur la touche entrée :" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:75 msgid "You should then see something like:" msgstr "Vous devez vous trouver face à quelque chose comme ça :" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:83 msgid "" "You have started the interpreter in \"interactive mode\". That means you can " "enter Python statements or expressions interactively and have them executed " "or evaluated while you wait. This is one of Python's strongest features. " "Check it by entering a few expressions of your choice and seeing the results:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:95 msgid "" "Many people use the interactive mode as a convenient yet highly programmable " "calculator. When you want to end your interactive Python session, hold the :" "kbd:`Ctrl` key down while you enter a :kbd:`Z`, then hit the \":kbd:`Enter`" "\" key to get back to your Windows command prompt." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:100 msgid "" "You may also find that you have a Start-menu entry such as :menuselection:" "`Start --> Programs --> Python 3.3 --> Python (command line)` that results " "in you seeing the ``>>>`` prompt in a new window. If so, the window will " "disappear after you enter the :kbd:`Ctrl-Z` character; Windows is running a " "single \"python\" command in the window, and closes it when you terminate " "the interpreter." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:106 msgid "" "If the ``python`` command, instead of displaying the interpreter prompt " "``>>>``, gives you a message like::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:None msgid "|Adding Python to DOS Path|_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:114 msgid "" "Python is not added to the DOS path by default. This screencast will walk " "you through the steps to add the correct entry to the `System Path`, " "allowing Python to be executed from the command-line by all users." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:123 msgid "or::" msgstr "ou : ::" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:127 msgid "" "then you need to make sure that your computer knows where to find the Python " "interpreter. To do this you will have to modify a setting called PATH, " "which is a list of directories where Windows will look for programs." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:131 msgid "" "You should arrange for Python's installation directory to be added to the " "PATH of every command window as it starts. If you installed Python fairly " "recently then the command ::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:137 msgid "" "will probably tell you where it is installed; the usual location is " "something like ``C:\\Python33``. Otherwise you will be reduced to a search " "of your whole disk ... use :menuselection:`Tools --> Find` or hit the :" "guilabel:`Search` button and look for \"python.exe\". Supposing you " "discover that Python is installed in the ``C:\\Python33`` directory (the " "default at the time of writing), you should make sure that entering the " "command ::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:146 msgid "" "starts up the interpreter as above (and don't forget you'll need a \":kbd:" "`Ctrl-Z`\" and an \":kbd:`Enter`\" to get out of it). Once you have verified " "the directory, you can add it to the system path to make it easier to start " "Python by just running the ``python`` command. This is currently an option " "in the installer as of CPython 3.3." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:152 msgid "" "More information about environment variables can be found on the :ref:`Using " "Python on Windows ` page." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:156 msgid "How do I make Python scripts executable?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:158 msgid "" "On Windows, the standard Python installer already associates the .py " "extension with a file type (Python.File) and gives that file type an open " "command that runs the interpreter (``D:\\Program Files\\Python\\python.exe " "\"%1\" %*``). This is enough to make scripts executable from the command " "prompt as 'foo.py'. If you'd rather be able to execute the script by simple " "typing 'foo' with no extension you need to add .py to the PATHEXT " "environment variable." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:166 msgid "Why does Python sometimes take so long to start?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:168 msgid "" "Usually Python starts very quickly on Windows, but occasionally there are " "bug reports that Python suddenly begins to take a long time to start up. " "This is made even more puzzling because Python will work fine on other " "Windows systems which appear to be configured identically." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:173 msgid "" "The problem may be caused by a misconfiguration of virus checking software " "on the problem machine. Some virus scanners have been known to introduce " "startup overhead of two orders of magnitude when the scanner is configured " "to monitor all reads from the filesystem. Try checking the configuration of " "virus scanning software on your systems to ensure that they are indeed " "configured identically. McAfee, when configured to scan all file system read " "activity, is a particular offender." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:183 msgid "How do I make an executable from a Python script?" msgstr "Comment construire un exécutable depuis un script Python ?" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:185 msgid "" "See `cx_Freeze `_ for a " "distutils extension that allows you to create console and GUI executables " "from Python code. `py2exe `_, the most popular " "extension for building Python 2.x-based executables, does not yet support " "Python 3 but a version that does is in development." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:193 msgid "Is a ``*.pyd`` file the same as a DLL?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:195 msgid "" "Yes, .pyd files are dll's, but there are a few differences. If you have a " "DLL named ``foo.pyd``, then it must have a function ``PyInit_foo()``. You " "can then write Python \"import foo\", and Python will search for foo.pyd (as " "well as foo.py, foo.pyc) and if it finds it, will attempt to call " "``PyInit_foo()`` to initialize it. You do not link your .exe with foo.lib, " "as that would cause Windows to require the DLL to be present." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:202 msgid "" "Note that the search path for foo.pyd is PYTHONPATH, not the same as the " "path that Windows uses to search for foo.dll. Also, foo.pyd need not be " "present to run your program, whereas if you linked your program with a dll, " "the dll is required. Of course, foo.pyd is required if you want to say " "``import foo``. In a DLL, linkage is declared in the source code with " "``__declspec(dllexport)``. In a .pyd, linkage is defined in a list of " "available functions." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:211 msgid "How can I embed Python into a Windows application?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:213 msgid "" "Embedding the Python interpreter in a Windows app can be summarized as " "follows:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:215 msgid "" "Do _not_ build Python into your .exe file directly. On Windows, Python must " "be a DLL to handle importing modules that are themselves DLL's. (This is " "the first key undocumented fact.) Instead, link to :file:`python{NN}.dll`; " "it is typically installed in ``C:\\Windows\\System``. *NN* is the Python " "version, a number such as \"33\" for Python 3.3." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:221 msgid "" "You can link to Python in two different ways. Load-time linking means " "linking against :file:`python{NN}.lib`, while run-time linking means linking " "against :file:`python{NN}.dll`. (General note: :file:`python{NN}.lib` is " "the so-called \"import lib\" corresponding to :file:`python{NN}.dll`. It " "merely defines symbols for the linker.)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:227 msgid "" "Run-time linking greatly simplifies link options; everything happens at run " "time. Your code must load :file:`python{NN}.dll` using the Windows " "``LoadLibraryEx()`` routine. The code must also use access routines and " "data in :file:`python{NN}.dll` (that is, Python's C API's) using pointers " "obtained by the Windows ``GetProcAddress()`` routine. Macros can make using " "these pointers transparent to any C code that calls routines in Python's C " "API." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:234 msgid "" "Borland note: convert :file:`python{NN}.lib` to OMF format using Coff2Omf." "exe first." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:239 msgid "" "If you use SWIG, it is easy to create a Python \"extension module\" that " "will make the app's data and methods available to Python. SWIG will handle " "just about all the grungy details for you. The result is C code that you " "link *into* your .exe file (!) You do _not_ have to create a DLL file, and " "this also simplifies linking." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:245 msgid "" "SWIG will create an init function (a C function) whose name depends on the " "name of the extension module. For example, if the name of the module is " "leo, the init function will be called initleo(). If you use SWIG shadow " "classes, as you should, the init function will be called initleoc(). This " "initializes a mostly hidden helper class used by the shadow class." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:251 msgid "" "The reason you can link the C code in step 2 into your .exe file is that " "calling the initialization function is equivalent to importing the module " "into Python! (This is the second key undocumented fact.)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:255 msgid "" "In short, you can use the following code to initialize the Python " "interpreter with your extension module." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:266 msgid "" "There are two problems with Python's C API which will become apparent if you " "use a compiler other than MSVC, the compiler used to build pythonNN.dll." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:269 msgid "" "Problem 1: The so-called \"Very High Level\" functions that take FILE * " "arguments will not work in a multi-compiler environment because each " "compiler's notion of a struct FILE will be different. From an " "implementation standpoint these are very _low_ level functions." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:274 msgid "" "Problem 2: SWIG generates the following code when generating wrappers to " "void functions:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:283 msgid "" "Alas, Py_None is a macro that expands to a reference to a complex data " "structure called _Py_NoneStruct inside pythonNN.dll. Again, this code will " "fail in a mult-compiler environment. Replace such code by:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:291 msgid "" "It may be possible to use SWIG's ``%typemap`` command to make the change " "automatically, though I have not been able to get this to work (I'm a " "complete SWIG newbie)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:295 msgid "" "Using a Python shell script to put up a Python interpreter window from " "inside your Windows app is not a good idea; the resulting window will be " "independent of your app's windowing system. Rather, you (or the " "wxPythonWindow class) should create a \"native\" interpreter window. It is " "easy to connect that window to the Python interpreter. You can redirect " "Python's i/o to _any_ object that supports read and write, so all you need " "is a Python object (defined in your extension module) that contains read() " "and write() methods." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:304 msgid "How do I keep editors from inserting tabs into my Python source?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:306 msgid "" "The FAQ does not recommend using tabs, and the Python style guide, :pep:`8`, " "recommends 4 spaces for distributed Python code; this is also the Emacs " "python-mode default." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:310 msgid "" "Under any editor, mixing tabs and spaces is a bad idea. MSVC is no " "different in this respect, and is easily configured to use spaces: Take :" "menuselection:`Tools --> Options --> Tabs`, and for file type \"Default\" " "set \"Tab size\" and \"Indent size\" to 4, and select the \"Insert spaces\" " "radio button." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:315 msgid "" "Python raises :exc:`IndentationError` or :exc:`TabError` if mixed tabs and " "spaces are causing problems in leading whitespace. You may also run the :mod:" "`tabnanny` module to check a directory tree in batch mode." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:322 msgid "How do I check for a keypress without blocking?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:324 msgid "" "Use the msvcrt module. This is a standard Windows-specific extension " "module. It defines a function ``kbhit()`` which checks whether a keyboard " "hit is present, and ``getch()`` which gets one character without echoing it." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:330 msgid "How do I emulate os.kill() in Windows?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:332 msgid "" "Prior to Python 2.7 and 3.2, to terminate a process, you can use :mod:" "`ctypes`:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:344 msgid "" "In 2.7 and 3.2, :func:`os.kill` is implemented similar to the above " "function, with the additional feature of being able to send :kbd:`Ctrl+C` " "and :kbd:`Ctrl+Break` to console subprocesses which are designed to handle " "those signals. See :func:`os.kill` for further details." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:350 msgid "How do I extract the downloaded documentation on Windows?" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:352 msgid "" "Sometimes, when you download the documentation package to a Windows machine " "using a web browser, the file extension of the saved file ends up being ." "EXE. This is a mistake; the extension should be .TGZ." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/faq/windows.rst:356 msgid "" "Simply rename the downloaded file to have the .TGZ extension, and WinZip " "will be able to handle it. (If your copy of WinZip doesn't, get a newer one " "from https://www.winzip.com.)" msgstr ""