forked from AFPy/python-docs-fr
2958 lines
114 KiB
Plaintext
2958 lines
114 KiB
Plaintext
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
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# Copyright (C) 2001-2016, Python Software Foundation
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# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
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# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
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#
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#, fuzzy
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msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n"
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"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-08 09:58+0100\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
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"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
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"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
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"Language: fr\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:6
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msgid "Data model"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:12
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msgid "Objects, values and types"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:18
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msgid ""
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":dfn:`Objects` are Python's abstraction for data. All data in a Python "
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"program is represented by objects or by relations between objects. (In a "
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"sense, and in conformance to Von Neumann's model of a \"stored program "
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"computer,\" code is also represented by objects.)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:35
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msgid ""
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"Every object has an identity, a type and a value. An object's *identity* "
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"never changes once it has been created; you may think of it as the object's "
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"address in memory. The ':keyword:`is`' operator compares the identity of "
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"two objects; the :func:`id` function returns an integer representing its "
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"identity."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:42
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msgid "For CPython, ``id(x)`` is the memory address where ``x`` is stored."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:44
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msgid ""
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"An object's type determines the operations that the object supports (e.g., "
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"\"does it have a length?\") and also defines the possible values for objects "
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"of that type. The :func:`type` function returns an object's type (which is "
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"an object itself). Like its identity, an object's :dfn:`type` is also "
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"unchangeable. [#]_"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:50
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msgid ""
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"The *value* of some objects can change. Objects whose value can change are "
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"said to be *mutable*; objects whose value is unchangeable once they are "
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"created are called *immutable*. (The value of an immutable container object "
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"that contains a reference to a mutable object can change when the latter's "
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"value is changed; however the container is still considered immutable, "
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"because the collection of objects it contains cannot be changed. So, "
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"immutability is not strictly the same as having an unchangeable value, it is "
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"more subtle.) An object's mutability is determined by its type; for "
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"instance, numbers, strings and tuples are immutable, while dictionaries and "
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"lists are mutable."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:65
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msgid ""
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"Objects are never explicitly destroyed; however, when they become "
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"unreachable they may be garbage-collected. An implementation is allowed to "
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"postpone garbage collection or omit it altogether --- it is a matter of "
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"implementation quality how garbage collection is implemented, as long as no "
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"objects are collected that are still reachable."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:73
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msgid ""
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"CPython currently uses a reference-counting scheme with (optional) delayed "
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"detection of cyclically linked garbage, which collects most objects as soon "
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"as they become unreachable, but is not guaranteed to collect garbage "
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"containing circular references. See the documentation of the :mod:`gc` "
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"module for information on controlling the collection of cyclic garbage. "
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"Other implementations act differently and CPython may change. Do not depend "
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"on immediate finalization of objects when they become unreachable (so you "
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"should always close files explicitly)."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:82
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msgid ""
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"Note that the use of the implementation's tracing or debugging facilities "
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"may keep objects alive that would normally be collectable. Also note that "
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"catching an exception with a ':keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:`except`' "
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"statement may keep objects alive."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:87
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msgid ""
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"Some objects contain references to \"external\" resources such as open files "
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"or windows. It is understood that these resources are freed when the object "
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"is garbage-collected, but since garbage collection is not guaranteed to "
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"happen, such objects also provide an explicit way to release the external "
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"resource, usually a :meth:`close` method. Programs are strongly recommended "
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"to explicitly close such objects. The ':keyword:`try`...\\ :keyword:"
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"`finally`' statement and the ':keyword:`with`' statement provide convenient "
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"ways to do this."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:97
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msgid ""
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"Some objects contain references to other objects; these are called "
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"*containers*. Examples of containers are tuples, lists and dictionaries. "
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"The references are part of a container's value. In most cases, when we talk "
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"about the value of a container, we imply the values, not the identities of "
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"the contained objects; however, when we talk about the mutability of a "
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"container, only the identities of the immediately contained objects are "
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"implied. So, if an immutable container (like a tuple) contains a reference "
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"to a mutable object, its value changes if that mutable object is changed."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:106
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msgid ""
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"Types affect almost all aspects of object behavior. Even the importance of "
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"object identity is affected in some sense: for immutable types, operations "
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"that compute new values may actually return a reference to any existing "
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"object with the same type and value, while for mutable objects this is not "
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"allowed. E.g., after ``a = 1; b = 1``, ``a`` and ``b`` may or may not refer "
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"to the same object with the value one, depending on the implementation, but "
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"after ``c = []; d = []``, ``c`` and ``d`` are guaranteed to refer to two "
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"different, unique, newly created empty lists. (Note that ``c = d = []`` "
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"assigns the same object to both ``c`` and ``d``.)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:120
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msgid "The standard type hierarchy"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:129
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msgid ""
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"Below is a list of the types that are built into Python. Extension modules "
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"(written in C, Java, or other languages, depending on the implementation) "
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"can define additional types. Future versions of Python may add types to the "
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"type hierarchy (e.g., rational numbers, efficiently stored arrays of "
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"integers, etc.), although such additions will often be provided via the "
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"standard library instead."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:140
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msgid ""
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"Some of the type descriptions below contain a paragraph listing 'special "
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"attributes.' These are attributes that provide access to the implementation "
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"and are not intended for general use. Their definition may change in the "
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"future."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:150
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msgid "None"
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msgstr "*None*"
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:147
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msgid ""
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"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. "
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"This object is accessed through the built-in name ``None``. It is used to "
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"signify the absence of a value in many situations, e.g., it is returned from "
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"functions that don't explicitly return anything. Its truth value is false."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:165
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msgid "NotImplemented"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:155
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msgid ""
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"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. "
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"This object is accessed through the built-in name ``NotImplemented``. "
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"Numeric methods and rich comparison methods should return this value if they "
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"do not implement the operation for the operands provided. (The interpreter "
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"will then try the reflected operation, or some other fallback, depending on "
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"the operator.) Its truth value is true."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:162
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msgid "See :ref:`implementing-the-arithmetic-operations` for more details."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:172
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msgid "Ellipsis"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:170
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msgid ""
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"This type has a single value. There is a single object with this value. "
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"This object is accessed through the literal ``...`` or the built-in name "
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"``Ellipsis``. Its truth value is true."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:242
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msgid ":class:`numbers.Number`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:177
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msgid ""
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"These are created by numeric literals and returned as results by arithmetic "
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"operators and arithmetic built-in functions. Numeric objects are immutable; "
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"once created their value never changes. Python numbers are of course "
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"strongly related to mathematical numbers, but subject to the limitations of "
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"numerical representation in computers."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:183
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msgid ""
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"Python distinguishes between integers, floating point numbers, and complex "
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"numbers:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:217
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msgid ":class:`numbers.Integral`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:189
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msgid ""
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"These represent elements from the mathematical set of integers (positive and "
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"negative)."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:192
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msgid "There are two types of integers:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:194
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msgid "Integers (:class:`int`)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:196
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msgid ""
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"These represent numbers in an unlimited range, subject to available "
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"(virtual) memory only. For the purpose of shift and mask operations, a "
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"binary representation is assumed, and negative numbers are represented in a "
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"variant of 2's complement which gives the illusion of an infinite string of "
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"sign bits extending to the left."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:212
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msgid "Booleans (:class:`bool`)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:208
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msgid ""
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"These represent the truth values False and True. The two objects "
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"representing the values ``False`` and ``True`` are the only Boolean objects. "
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"The Boolean type is a subtype of the integer type, and Boolean values behave "
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"like the values 0 and 1, respectively, in almost all contexts, the exception "
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"being that when converted to a string, the strings ``\"False\"`` or ``\"True"
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"\"`` are returned, respectively."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:216
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msgid ""
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"The rules for integer representation are intended to give the most "
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"meaningful interpretation of shift and mask operations involving negative "
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"integers."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:232
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msgid ":class:`numbers.Real` (:class:`float`)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:226
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msgid ""
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"These represent machine-level double precision floating point numbers. You "
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"are at the mercy of the underlying machine architecture (and C or Java "
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"implementation) for the accepted range and handling of overflow. Python does "
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"not support single-precision floating point numbers; the savings in "
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"processor and memory usage that are usually the reason for using these are "
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"dwarfed by the overhead of using objects in Python, so there is no reason to "
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"complicate the language with two kinds of floating point numbers."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:242
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msgid ":class:`numbers.Complex` (:class:`complex`)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:239
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msgid ""
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"These represent complex numbers as a pair of machine-level double precision "
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"floating point numbers. The same caveats apply as for floating point "
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"numbers. The real and imaginary parts of a complex number ``z`` can be "
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"retrieved through the read-only attributes ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:359
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msgid "Sequences"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:252
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msgid ""
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"These represent finite ordered sets indexed by non-negative numbers. The "
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"built-in function :func:`len` returns the number of items of a sequence. "
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"When the length of a sequence is *n*, the index set contains the numbers 0, "
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"1, ..., *n*-1. Item *i* of sequence *a* is selected by ``a[i]``."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:259
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msgid ""
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"Sequences also support slicing: ``a[i:j]`` selects all items with index *k* "
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"such that *i* ``<=`` *k* ``<`` *j*. When used as an expression, a slice is "
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"a sequence of the same type. This implies that the index set is renumbered "
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"so that it starts at 0."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:264
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msgid ""
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"Some sequences also support \"extended slicing\" with a third \"step\" "
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"parameter: ``a[i:j:k]`` selects all items of *a* with index *x* where ``x = "
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"i + n*k``, *n* ``>=`` ``0`` and *i* ``<=`` *x* ``<`` *j*."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:268
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msgid "Sequences are distinguished according to their mutability:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:325
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msgid "Immutable sequences"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:275
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msgid ""
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"An object of an immutable sequence type cannot change once it is created. "
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"(If the object contains references to other objects, these other objects may "
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"be mutable and may be changed; however, the collection of objects directly "
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"referenced by an immutable object cannot change.)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:280
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msgid "The following types are immutable sequences:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:303
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msgid "Strings"
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msgstr "Les chaînes de caractères"
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:293
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msgid ""
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"A string is a sequence of values that represent Unicode code points. All the "
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"code points in the range ``U+0000 - U+10FFFF`` can be represented in a "
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"string. Python doesn't have a :c:type:`char` type; instead, every code "
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"point in the string is represented as a string object with length ``1``. "
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"The built-in function :func:`ord` converts a code point from its string form "
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"to an integer in the range ``0 - 10FFFF``; :func:`chr` converts an integer "
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"in the range ``0 - 10FFFF`` to the corresponding length ``1`` string "
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"object. :meth:`str.encode` can be used to convert a :class:`str` to :class:"
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"`bytes` using the given text encoding, and :meth:`bytes.decode` can be used "
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"to achieve the opposite."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:316
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msgid "Tuples"
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msgstr "Tuples"
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:311
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msgid ""
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"The items of a tuple are arbitrary Python objects. Tuples of two or more "
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"items are formed by comma-separated lists of expressions. A tuple of one "
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"item (a 'singleton') can be formed by affixing a comma to an expression (an "
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"expression by itself does not create a tuple, since parentheses must be "
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"usable for grouping of expressions). An empty tuple can be formed by an "
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"empty pair of parentheses."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:325
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msgid "Bytes"
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msgstr "Bytes"
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:321
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msgid ""
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"A bytes object is an immutable array. The items are 8-bit bytes, "
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"represented by integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. Bytes literals (like "
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"``b'abc'``) and the built-in :func:`bytes()` constructor can be used to "
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"create bytes objects. Also, bytes objects can be decoded to strings via "
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"the :meth:`~bytes.decode` method."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:359
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msgid "Mutable sequences"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:335
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msgid ""
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"Mutable sequences can be changed after they are created. The subscription "
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"and slicing notations can be used as the target of assignment and :keyword:"
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"`del` (delete) statements."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:339
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msgid "There are currently two intrinsic mutable sequence types:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:346
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msgid "Lists"
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msgstr "Les listes"
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:344
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msgid ""
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"The items of a list are arbitrary Python objects. Lists are formed by "
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"placing a comma-separated list of expressions in square brackets. (Note that "
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"there are no special cases needed to form lists of length 0 or 1.)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:354
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msgid "Byte Arrays"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:351
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msgid ""
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"A bytearray object is a mutable array. They are created by the built-in :"
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"func:`bytearray` constructor. Aside from being mutable (and hence "
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"unhashable), byte arrays otherwise provide the same interface and "
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"functionality as immutable :class:`bytes` objects."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:358
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msgid ""
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"The extension module :mod:`array` provides an additional example of a "
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"mutable sequence type, as does the :mod:`collections` module."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:393
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msgid "Set types"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:366
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msgid ""
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"These represent unordered, finite sets of unique, immutable objects. As "
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"such, they cannot be indexed by any subscript. However, they can be iterated "
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"over, and the built-in function :func:`len` returns the number of items in a "
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"set. Common uses for sets are fast membership testing, removing duplicates "
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"from a sequence, and computing mathematical operations such as intersection, "
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"union, difference, and symmetric difference."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:373
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msgid ""
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"For set elements, the same immutability rules apply as for dictionary keys. "
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"Note that numeric types obey the normal rules for numeric comparison: if two "
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"numbers compare equal (e.g., ``1`` and ``1.0``), only one of them can be "
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"contained in a set."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:378
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msgid "There are currently two intrinsic set types:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:385
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msgid "Sets"
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msgstr "Les ensembles"
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:383
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msgid ""
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"These represent a mutable set. They are created by the built-in :func:`set` "
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"constructor and can be modified afterwards by several methods, such as :meth:"
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"`~set.add`."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:393
|
||
msgid "Frozen sets"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:390
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"These represent an immutable set. They are created by the built-in :func:"
|
||
"`frozenset` constructor. As a frozenset is immutable and :term:`hashable`, "
|
||
"it can be used again as an element of another set, or as a dictionary key."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:430
|
||
msgid "Mappings"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:401
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"These represent finite sets of objects indexed by arbitrary index sets. The "
|
||
"subscript notation ``a[k]`` selects the item indexed by ``k`` from the "
|
||
"mapping ``a``; this can be used in expressions and as the target of "
|
||
"assignments or :keyword:`del` statements. The built-in function :func:`len` "
|
||
"returns the number of items in a mapping."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:407
|
||
msgid "There is currently a single intrinsic mapping type:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:430
|
||
msgid "Dictionaries"
|
||
msgstr "Dictionnaires"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:412
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"These represent finite sets of objects indexed by nearly arbitrary values. "
|
||
"The only types of values not acceptable as keys are values containing lists "
|
||
"or dictionaries or other mutable types that are compared by value rather "
|
||
"than by object identity, the reason being that the efficient implementation "
|
||
"of dictionaries requires a key's hash value to remain constant. Numeric "
|
||
"types used for keys obey the normal rules for numeric comparison: if two "
|
||
"numbers compare equal (e.g., ``1`` and ``1.0``) then they can be used "
|
||
"interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:421
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Dictionaries are mutable; they can be created by the ``{...}`` notation (see "
|
||
"section :ref:`dict`)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:428
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The extension modules :mod:`dbm.ndbm` and :mod:`dbm.gnu` provide additional "
|
||
"examples of mapping types, as does the :mod:`collections` module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:686
|
||
msgid "Callable types"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:439
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"These are the types to which the function call operation (see section :ref:"
|
||
"`calls`) can be applied:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:534
|
||
msgid "User-defined functions"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:448
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A user-defined function object is created by a function definition (see "
|
||
"section :ref:`function`). It should be called with an argument list "
|
||
"containing the same number of items as the function's formal parameter list."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:453
|
||
msgid "Special attributes:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:471
|
||
msgid "Attribute"
|
||
msgstr "Attribut"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:471
|
||
msgid "Meaning"
|
||
msgstr "Signification"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:473
|
||
msgid ":attr:`__doc__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:473
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The function's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable; not "
|
||
"inherited by subclasses"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:473 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:478
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:481 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:486
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:490 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:496
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:506 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:514
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:521
|
||
msgid "Writable"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:478
|
||
msgid ":attr:`~definition.\\ __name__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:478
|
||
msgid "The function's name"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:481
|
||
msgid ":attr:`~definition.\\ __qualname__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:481
|
||
msgid "The function's :term:`qualified name`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:486
|
||
msgid ":attr:`__module__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:486
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The name of the module the function was defined in, or ``None`` if "
|
||
"unavailable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:490
|
||
msgid ":attr:`__defaults__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:490
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A tuple containing default argument values for those arguments that have "
|
||
"defaults, or ``None`` if no arguments have a default value"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:496
|
||
msgid ":attr:`__code__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:496
|
||
msgid "The code object representing the compiled function body."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:499
|
||
msgid ":attr:`__globals__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:499
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A reference to the dictionary that holds the function's global variables --- "
|
||
"the global namespace of the module in which the function was defined."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:499 ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:510
|
||
msgid "Read-only"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:506
|
||
msgid ":attr:`~object.__dict__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:506
|
||
msgid "The namespace supporting arbitrary function attributes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:510
|
||
msgid ":attr:`__closure__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:510
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"``None`` or a tuple of cells that contain bindings for the function's free "
|
||
"variables."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:514
|
||
msgid ":attr:`__annotations__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:514
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A dict containing annotations of parameters. The keys of the dict are the "
|
||
"parameter names, and ``'return'`` for the return annotation, if provided."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:521
|
||
msgid ":attr:`__kwdefaults__`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:521
|
||
msgid "A dict containing defaults for keyword-only parameters."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:525
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Most of the attributes labelled \"Writable\" check the type of the assigned "
|
||
"value."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:527
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Function objects also support getting and setting arbitrary attributes, "
|
||
"which can be used, for example, to attach metadata to functions. Regular "
|
||
"attribute dot-notation is used to get and set such attributes. *Note that "
|
||
"the current implementation only supports function attributes on user-defined "
|
||
"functions. Function attributes on built-in functions may be supported in the "
|
||
"future.*"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:533
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Additional information about a function's definition can be retrieved from "
|
||
"its code object; see the description of internal types below."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:603
|
||
msgid "Instance methods"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:542
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An instance method object combines a class, a class instance and any "
|
||
"callable object (normally a user-defined function)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:552
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special read-only attributes: :attr:`__self__` is the class instance "
|
||
"object, :attr:`__func__` is the function object; :attr:`__doc__` is the "
|
||
"method's documentation (same as ``__func__.__doc__``); :attr:`~definition."
|
||
"__name__` is the method name (same as ``__func__.__name__``); :attr:"
|
||
"`__module__` is the name of the module the method was defined in, or "
|
||
"``None`` if unavailable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:558
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Methods also support accessing (but not setting) the arbitrary function "
|
||
"attributes on the underlying function object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:561
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"User-defined method objects may be created when getting an attribute of a "
|
||
"class (perhaps via an instance of that class), if that attribute is a user-"
|
||
"defined function object or a class method object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:565
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When an instance method object is created by retrieving a user-defined "
|
||
"function object from a class via one of its instances, its :attr:`__self__` "
|
||
"attribute is the instance, and the method object is said to be bound. The "
|
||
"new method's :attr:`__func__` attribute is the original function object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:571
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When a user-defined method object is created by retrieving another method "
|
||
"object from a class or instance, the behaviour is the same as for a function "
|
||
"object, except that the :attr:`__func__` attribute of the new instance is "
|
||
"not the original method object but its :attr:`__func__` attribute."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:577
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When an instance method object is created by retrieving a class method "
|
||
"object from a class or instance, its :attr:`__self__` attribute is the class "
|
||
"itself, and its :attr:`__func__` attribute is the function object underlying "
|
||
"the class method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:582
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When an instance method object is called, the underlying function (:attr:"
|
||
"`__func__`) is called, inserting the class instance (:attr:`__self__`) in "
|
||
"front of the argument list. For instance, when :class:`C` is a class which "
|
||
"contains a definition for a function :meth:`f`, and ``x`` is an instance of :"
|
||
"class:`C`, calling ``x.f(1)`` is equivalent to calling ``C.f(x, 1)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:589
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When an instance method object is derived from a class method object, the "
|
||
"\"class instance\" stored in :attr:`__self__` will actually be the class "
|
||
"itself, so that calling either ``x.f(1)`` or ``C.f(1)`` is equivalent to "
|
||
"calling ``f(C,1)`` where ``f`` is the underlying function."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:594
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that the transformation from function object to instance method object "
|
||
"happens each time the attribute is retrieved from the instance. In some "
|
||
"cases, a fruitful optimization is to assign the attribute to a local "
|
||
"variable and call that local variable. Also notice that this transformation "
|
||
"only happens for user-defined functions; other callable objects (and all non-"
|
||
"callable objects) are retrieved without transformation. It is also "
|
||
"important to note that user-defined functions which are attributes of a "
|
||
"class instance are not converted to bound methods; this *only* happens when "
|
||
"the function is an attribute of the class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:618
|
||
msgid "Generator functions"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:610
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A function or method which uses the :keyword:`yield` statement (see section :"
|
||
"ref:`yield`) is called a :dfn:`generator function`. Such a function, when "
|
||
"called, always returns an iterator object which can be used to execute the "
|
||
"body of the function: calling the iterator's :meth:`iterator.__next__` "
|
||
"method will cause the function to execute until it provides a value using "
|
||
"the :keyword:`yield` statement. When the function executes a :keyword:"
|
||
"`return` statement or falls off the end, a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is "
|
||
"raised and the iterator will have reached the end of the set of values to be "
|
||
"returned."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:628
|
||
msgid "Coroutine functions"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:624
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A function or method which is defined using :keyword:`async def` is called "
|
||
"a :dfn:`coroutine function`. Such a function, when called, returns a :term:"
|
||
"`coroutine` object. It may contain :keyword:`await` expressions, as well "
|
||
"as :keyword:`async with` and :keyword:`async for` statements. See also the :"
|
||
"ref:`coroutine-objects` section."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:647
|
||
msgid "Asynchronous generator functions"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:635
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A function or method which is defined using :keyword:`async def` and which "
|
||
"uses the :keyword:`yield` statement is called a :dfn:`asynchronous generator "
|
||
"function`. Such a function, when called, returns an asynchronous iterator "
|
||
"object which can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement to execute the "
|
||
"body of the function."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:641
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Calling the asynchronous iterator's :meth:`aiterator.__anext__` method will "
|
||
"return an :term:`awaitable` which when awaited will execute until it "
|
||
"provides a value using the :keyword:`yield` expression. When the function "
|
||
"executes an empty :keyword:`return` statement or falls off the end, a :exc:"
|
||
"`StopAsyncIteration` exception is raised and the asynchronous iterator will "
|
||
"have reached the end of the set of values to be yielded."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:662
|
||
msgid "Built-in functions"
|
||
msgstr "Fonctions Natives"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:655
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A built-in function object is a wrapper around a C function. Examples of "
|
||
"built-in functions are :func:`len` and :func:`math.sin` (:mod:`math` is a "
|
||
"standard built-in module). The number and type of the arguments are "
|
||
"determined by the C function. Special read-only attributes: :attr:`__doc__` "
|
||
"is the function's documentation string, or ``None`` if unavailable; :attr:"
|
||
"`~definition.__name__` is the function's name; :attr:`__self__` is set to "
|
||
"``None`` (but see the next item); :attr:`__module__` is the name of the "
|
||
"module the function was defined in or ``None`` if unavailable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:674
|
||
msgid "Built-in methods"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:670
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This is really a different disguise of a built-in function, this time "
|
||
"containing an object passed to the C function as an implicit extra "
|
||
"argument. An example of a built-in method is ``alist.append()``, assuming "
|
||
"*alist* is a list object. In this case, the special read-only attribute :"
|
||
"attr:`__self__` is set to the object denoted by *alist*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:681
|
||
msgid "Classes"
|
||
msgstr "Classes"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:677
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Classes are callable. These objects normally act as factories for new "
|
||
"instances of themselves, but variations are possible for class types that "
|
||
"override :meth:`__new__`. The arguments of the call are passed to :meth:"
|
||
"`__new__` and, in the typical case, to :meth:`__init__` to initialize the "
|
||
"new instance."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:686
|
||
msgid "Class Instances"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:684
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Instances of arbitrary classes can be made callable by defining a :meth:"
|
||
"`__call__` method in their class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:736
|
||
msgid "Modules"
|
||
msgstr "Modules"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:693
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Modules are a basic organizational unit of Python code, and are created by "
|
||
"the :ref:`import system <importsystem>` as invoked either by the :keyword:"
|
||
"`import` statement (see :keyword:`import`), or by calling functions such as :"
|
||
"func:`importlib.import_module` and built-in :func:`__import__`. A module "
|
||
"object has a namespace implemented by a dictionary object (this is the "
|
||
"dictionary referenced by the ``__globals__`` attribute of functions defined "
|
||
"in the module). Attribute references are translated to lookups in this "
|
||
"dictionary, e.g., ``m.x`` is equivalent to ``m.__dict__[\"x\"]``. A module "
|
||
"object does not contain the code object used to initialize the module (since "
|
||
"it isn't needed once the initialization is done)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:705
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Attribute assignment updates the module's namespace dictionary, e.g., ``m.x "
|
||
"= 1`` is equivalent to ``m.__dict__[\"x\"] = 1``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:715
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Predefined (writable) attributes: :attr:`__name__` is the module's name; :"
|
||
"attr:`__doc__` is the module's documentation string, or ``None`` if "
|
||
"unavailable; :attr:`__annotations__` (optional) is a dictionary containing :"
|
||
"term:`variable annotations <variable annotation>` collected during module "
|
||
"body execution; :attr:`__file__` is the pathname of the file from which the "
|
||
"module was loaded, if it was loaded from a file. The :attr:`__file__` "
|
||
"attribute may be missing for certain types of modules, such as C modules "
|
||
"that are statically linked into the interpreter; for extension modules "
|
||
"loaded dynamically from a shared library, it is the pathname of the shared "
|
||
"library file."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:728
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special read-only attribute: :attr:`~object.__dict__` is the module's "
|
||
"namespace as a dictionary object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:733
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Because of the way CPython clears module dictionaries, the module dictionary "
|
||
"will be cleared when the module falls out of scope even if the dictionary "
|
||
"still has live references. To avoid this, copy the dictionary or keep the "
|
||
"module around while using its dictionary directly."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:795
|
||
msgid "Custom classes"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:739
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Custom class types are typically created by class definitions (see section :"
|
||
"ref:`class`). A class has a namespace implemented by a dictionary object. "
|
||
"Class attribute references are translated to lookups in this dictionary, e."
|
||
"g., ``C.x`` is translated to ``C.__dict__[\"x\"]`` (although there are a "
|
||
"number of hooks which allow for other means of locating attributes). When "
|
||
"the attribute name is not found there, the attribute search continues in the "
|
||
"base classes. This search of the base classes uses the C3 method resolution "
|
||
"order which behaves correctly even in the presence of 'diamond' inheritance "
|
||
"structures where there are multiple inheritance paths leading back to a "
|
||
"common ancestor. Additional details on the C3 MRO used by Python can be "
|
||
"found in the documentation accompanying the 2.3 release at https://www."
|
||
"python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:763
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When a class attribute reference (for class :class:`C`, say) would yield a "
|
||
"class method object, it is transformed into an instance method object whose :"
|
||
"attr:`__self__` attributes is :class:`C`. When it would yield a static "
|
||
"method object, it is transformed into the object wrapped by the static "
|
||
"method object. See section :ref:`descriptors` for another way in which "
|
||
"attributes retrieved from a class may differ from those actually contained "
|
||
"in its :attr:`~object.__dict__`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:773
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Class attribute assignments update the class's dictionary, never the "
|
||
"dictionary of a base class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:778
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A class object can be called (see above) to yield a class instance (see "
|
||
"below)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:788
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special attributes: :attr:`~definition.__name__` is the class name; :attr:"
|
||
"`__module__` is the module name in which the class was defined; :attr:"
|
||
"`~object.__dict__` is the dictionary containing the class's namespace; :attr:"
|
||
"`~class.__bases__` is a tuple containing the base classes, in the order of "
|
||
"their occurrence in the base class list; :attr:`__doc__` is the class's "
|
||
"documentation string, or ``None`` if undefined; :attr:`__annotations__` "
|
||
"(optional) is a dictionary containing :term:`variable annotations <variable "
|
||
"annotation>` collected during class body execution."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:838
|
||
msgid "Class instances"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:804
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A class instance is created by calling a class object (see above). A class "
|
||
"instance has a namespace implemented as a dictionary which is the first "
|
||
"place in which attribute references are searched. When an attribute is not "
|
||
"found there, and the instance's class has an attribute by that name, the "
|
||
"search continues with the class attributes. If a class attribute is found "
|
||
"that is a user-defined function object, it is transformed into an instance "
|
||
"method object whose :attr:`__self__` attribute is the instance. Static "
|
||
"method and class method objects are also transformed; see above under "
|
||
"\"Classes\". See section :ref:`descriptors` for another way in which "
|
||
"attributes of a class retrieved via its instances may differ from the "
|
||
"objects actually stored in the class's :attr:`~object.__dict__`. If no "
|
||
"class attribute is found, and the object's class has a :meth:`__getattr__` "
|
||
"method, that is called to satisfy the lookup."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:820
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Attribute assignments and deletions update the instance's dictionary, never "
|
||
"a class's dictionary. If the class has a :meth:`__setattr__` or :meth:"
|
||
"`__delattr__` method, this is called instead of updating the instance "
|
||
"dictionary directly."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:830
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Class instances can pretend to be numbers, sequences, or mappings if they "
|
||
"have methods with certain special names. See section :ref:`specialnames`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:837
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special attributes: :attr:`~object.__dict__` is the attribute dictionary; :"
|
||
"attr:`~instance.__class__` is the instance's class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:864
|
||
msgid "I/O objects (also known as file objects)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:854
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A :term:`file object` represents an open file. Various shortcuts are "
|
||
"available to create file objects: the :func:`open` built-in function, and "
|
||
"also :func:`os.popen`, :func:`os.fdopen`, and the :meth:`~socket.socket."
|
||
"makefile` method of socket objects (and perhaps by other functions or "
|
||
"methods provided by extension modules)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:860
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The objects ``sys.stdin``, ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr`` are initialized "
|
||
"to file objects corresponding to the interpreter's standard input, output "
|
||
"and error streams; they are all open in text mode and therefore follow the "
|
||
"interface defined by the :class:`io.TextIOBase` abstract class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1070
|
||
msgid "Internal types"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:871
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A few types used internally by the interpreter are exposed to the user. "
|
||
"Their definitions may change with future versions of the interpreter, but "
|
||
"they are mentioned here for completeness."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:939
|
||
msgid "Code objects"
|
||
msgstr "Objets Code"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:878
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Code objects represent *byte-compiled* executable Python code, or :term:"
|
||
"`bytecode`. The difference between a code object and a function object is "
|
||
"that the function object contains an explicit reference to the function's "
|
||
"globals (the module in which it was defined), while a code object contains "
|
||
"no context; also the default argument values are stored in the function "
|
||
"object, not in the code object (because they represent values calculated at "
|
||
"run-time). Unlike function objects, code objects are immutable and contain "
|
||
"no references (directly or indirectly) to mutable objects."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:903
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special read-only attributes: :attr:`co_name` gives the function name; :attr:"
|
||
"`co_argcount` is the number of positional arguments (including arguments "
|
||
"with default values); :attr:`co_nlocals` is the number of local variables "
|
||
"used by the function (including arguments); :attr:`co_varnames` is a tuple "
|
||
"containing the names of the local variables (starting with the argument "
|
||
"names); :attr:`co_cellvars` is a tuple containing the names of local "
|
||
"variables that are referenced by nested functions; :attr:`co_freevars` is a "
|
||
"tuple containing the names of free variables; :attr:`co_code` is a string "
|
||
"representing the sequence of bytecode instructions; :attr:`co_consts` is a "
|
||
"tuple containing the literals used by the bytecode; :attr:`co_names` is a "
|
||
"tuple containing the names used by the bytecode; :attr:`co_filename` is the "
|
||
"filename from which the code was compiled; :attr:`co_firstlineno` is the "
|
||
"first line number of the function; :attr:`co_lnotab` is a string encoding "
|
||
"the mapping from bytecode offsets to line numbers (for details see the "
|
||
"source code of the interpreter); :attr:`co_stacksize` is the required stack "
|
||
"size (including local variables); :attr:`co_flags` is an integer encoding a "
|
||
"number of flags for the interpreter."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:922
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following flag bits are defined for :attr:`co_flags`: bit ``0x04`` is "
|
||
"set if the function uses the ``*arguments`` syntax to accept an arbitrary "
|
||
"number of positional arguments; bit ``0x08`` is set if the function uses the "
|
||
"``**keywords`` syntax to accept arbitrary keyword arguments; bit ``0x20`` is "
|
||
"set if the function is a generator."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:928
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Future feature declarations (``from __future__ import division``) also use "
|
||
"bits in :attr:`co_flags` to indicate whether a code object was compiled with "
|
||
"a particular feature enabled: bit ``0x2000`` is set if the function was "
|
||
"compiled with future division enabled; bits ``0x10`` and ``0x1000`` were "
|
||
"used in earlier versions of Python."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:934
|
||
msgid "Other bits in :attr:`co_flags` are reserved for internal use."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:938
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a code object represents a function, the first item in :attr:`co_consts` "
|
||
"is the documentation string of the function, or ``None`` if undefined."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:988
|
||
msgid "Frame objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:946
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Frame objects represent execution frames. They may occur in traceback "
|
||
"objects (see below)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:957
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special read-only attributes: :attr:`f_back` is to the previous stack frame "
|
||
"(towards the caller), or ``None`` if this is the bottom stack frame; :attr:"
|
||
"`f_code` is the code object being executed in this frame; :attr:`f_locals` "
|
||
"is the dictionary used to look up local variables; :attr:`f_globals` is used "
|
||
"for global variables; :attr:`f_builtins` is used for built-in (intrinsic) "
|
||
"names; :attr:`f_lasti` gives the precise instruction (this is an index into "
|
||
"the bytecode string of the code object)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:969
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special writable attributes: :attr:`f_trace`, if not ``None``, is a function "
|
||
"called at the start of each source code line (this is used by the "
|
||
"debugger); :attr:`f_lineno` is the current line number of the frame --- "
|
||
"writing to this from within a trace function jumps to the given line (only "
|
||
"for the bottom-most frame). A debugger can implement a Jump command (aka "
|
||
"Set Next Statement) by writing to f_lineno."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:976
|
||
msgid "Frame objects support one method:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:980
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method clears all references to local variables held by the frame. "
|
||
"Also, if the frame belonged to a generator, the generator is finalized. "
|
||
"This helps break reference cycles involving frame objects (for example when "
|
||
"catching an exception and storing its traceback for later use)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:986
|
||
msgid ":exc:`RuntimeError` is raised if the frame is currently executing."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1026
|
||
msgid "Traceback objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1001
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Traceback objects represent a stack trace of an exception. A traceback "
|
||
"object is created when an exception occurs. When the search for an "
|
||
"exception handler unwinds the execution stack, at each unwound level a "
|
||
"traceback object is inserted in front of the current traceback. When an "
|
||
"exception handler is entered, the stack trace is made available to the "
|
||
"program. (See section :ref:`try`.) It is accessible as the third item of the "
|
||
"tuple returned by ``sys.exc_info()``. When the program contains no suitable "
|
||
"handler, the stack trace is written (nicely formatted) to the standard error "
|
||
"stream; if the interpreter is interactive, it is also made available to the "
|
||
"user as ``sys.last_traceback``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1019
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special read-only attributes: :attr:`tb_next` is the next level in the stack "
|
||
"trace (towards the frame where the exception occurred), or ``None`` if there "
|
||
"is no next level; :attr:`tb_frame` points to the execution frame of the "
|
||
"current level; :attr:`tb_lineno` gives the line number where the exception "
|
||
"occurred; :attr:`tb_lasti` indicates the precise instruction. The line "
|
||
"number and last instruction in the traceback may differ from the line number "
|
||
"of its frame object if the exception occurred in a :keyword:`try` statement "
|
||
"with no matching except clause or with a finally clause."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1052
|
||
msgid "Slice objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1031
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Slice objects are used to represent slices for :meth:`__getitem__` methods. "
|
||
"They are also created by the built-in :func:`slice` function."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1039
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Special read-only attributes: :attr:`~slice.start` is the lower bound; :attr:"
|
||
"`~slice.stop` is the upper bound; :attr:`~slice.step` is the step value; "
|
||
"each is ``None`` if omitted. These attributes can have any type."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1043
|
||
msgid "Slice objects support one method:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1047
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method takes a single integer argument *length* and computes "
|
||
"information about the slice that the slice object would describe if applied "
|
||
"to a sequence of *length* items. It returns a tuple of three integers; "
|
||
"respectively these are the *start* and *stop* indices and the *step* or "
|
||
"stride length of the slice. Missing or out-of-bounds indices are handled in "
|
||
"a manner consistent with regular slices."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1062
|
||
msgid "Static method objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1055
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Static method objects provide a way of defeating the transformation of "
|
||
"function objects to method objects described above. A static method object "
|
||
"is a wrapper around any other object, usually a user-defined method object. "
|
||
"When a static method object is retrieved from a class or a class instance, "
|
||
"the object actually returned is the wrapped object, which is not subject to "
|
||
"any further transformation. Static method objects are not themselves "
|
||
"callable, although the objects they wrap usually are. Static method objects "
|
||
"are created by the built-in :func:`staticmethod` constructor."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1070
|
||
msgid "Class method objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1065
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A class method object, like a static method object, is a wrapper around "
|
||
"another object that alters the way in which that object is retrieved from "
|
||
"classes and class instances. The behaviour of class method objects upon such "
|
||
"retrieval is described above, under \"User-defined methods\". Class method "
|
||
"objects are created by the built-in :func:`classmethod` constructor."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1075
|
||
msgid "Special method names"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1081
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A class can implement certain operations that are invoked by special syntax "
|
||
"(such as arithmetic operations or subscripting and slicing) by defining "
|
||
"methods with special names. This is Python's approach to :dfn:`operator "
|
||
"overloading`, allowing classes to define their own behavior with respect to "
|
||
"language operators. For instance, if a class defines a method named :meth:"
|
||
"`__getitem__`, and ``x`` is an instance of this class, then ``x[i]`` is "
|
||
"roughly equivalent to ``type(x).__getitem__(x, i)``. Except where "
|
||
"mentioned, attempts to execute an operation raise an exception when no "
|
||
"appropriate method is defined (typically :exc:`AttributeError` or :exc:"
|
||
"`TypeError`)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1091
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Setting a special method to ``None`` indicates that the corresponding "
|
||
"operation is not available. For example, if a class sets :meth:`__iter__` "
|
||
"to ``None``, the class is not iterable, so calling :func:`iter` on its "
|
||
"instances will raise a :exc:`TypeError` (without falling back to :meth:"
|
||
"`__getitem__`). [#]_"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1097
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When implementing a class that emulates any built-in type, it is important "
|
||
"that the emulation only be implemented to the degree that it makes sense for "
|
||
"the object being modelled. For example, some sequences may work well with "
|
||
"retrieval of individual elements, but extracting a slice may not make "
|
||
"sense. (One example of this is the :class:`~xml.dom.NodeList` interface in "
|
||
"the W3C's Document Object Model.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1108
|
||
msgid "Basic customization"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1114
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to create a new instance of class *cls*. :meth:`__new__` is a static "
|
||
"method (special-cased so you need not declare it as such) that takes the "
|
||
"class of which an instance was requested as its first argument. The "
|
||
"remaining arguments are those passed to the object constructor expression "
|
||
"(the call to the class). The return value of :meth:`__new__` should be the "
|
||
"new object instance (usually an instance of *cls*)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1121
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Typical implementations create a new instance of the class by invoking the "
|
||
"superclass's :meth:`__new__` method using ``super().__new__(cls[, ...])`` "
|
||
"with appropriate arguments and then modifying the newly-created instance as "
|
||
"necessary before returning it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1126
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If :meth:`__new__` returns an instance of *cls*, then the new instance's :"
|
||
"meth:`__init__` method will be invoked like ``__init__(self[, ...])``, where "
|
||
"*self* is the new instance and the remaining arguments are the same as were "
|
||
"passed to :meth:`__new__`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1131
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If :meth:`__new__` does not return an instance of *cls*, then the new "
|
||
"instance's :meth:`__init__` method will not be invoked."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1134
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":meth:`__new__` is intended mainly to allow subclasses of immutable types "
|
||
"(like int, str, or tuple) to customize instance creation. It is also "
|
||
"commonly overridden in custom metaclasses in order to customize class "
|
||
"creation."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1143
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called after the instance has been created (by :meth:`__new__`), but before "
|
||
"it is returned to the caller. The arguments are those passed to the class "
|
||
"constructor expression. If a base class has an :meth:`__init__` method, the "
|
||
"derived class's :meth:`__init__` method, if any, must explicitly call it to "
|
||
"ensure proper initialization of the base class part of the instance; for "
|
||
"example: ``super().__init__([args...])``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1150
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Because :meth:`__new__` and :meth:`__init__` work together in constructing "
|
||
"objects (:meth:`__new__` to create it, and :meth:`__init__` to customize "
|
||
"it), no non-``None`` value may be returned by :meth:`__init__`; doing so "
|
||
"will cause a :exc:`TypeError` to be raised at runtime."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1163
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called when the instance is about to be destroyed. This is also called a "
|
||
"finalizer or (improperly) a destructor. If a base class has a :meth:"
|
||
"`__del__` method, the derived class's :meth:`__del__` method, if any, must "
|
||
"explicitly call it to ensure proper deletion of the base class part of the "
|
||
"instance."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1169
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"It is possible (though not recommended!) for the :meth:`__del__` method to "
|
||
"postpone destruction of the instance by creating a new reference to it. "
|
||
"This is called object *resurrection*. It is implementation-dependent "
|
||
"whether :meth:`__del__` is called a second time when a resurrected object is "
|
||
"about to be destroyed; the current :term:`CPython` implementation only calls "
|
||
"it once."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1176
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"It is not guaranteed that :meth:`__del__` methods are called for objects "
|
||
"that still exist when the interpreter exits."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1181
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"``del x`` doesn't directly call ``x.__del__()`` --- the former decrements "
|
||
"the reference count for ``x`` by one, and the latter is only called when "
|
||
"``x``'s reference count reaches zero."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1196
|
||
msgid "Documentation for the :mod:`gc` module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1200
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Due to the precarious circumstances under which :meth:`__del__` methods are "
|
||
"invoked, exceptions that occur during their execution are ignored, and a "
|
||
"warning is printed to ``sys.stderr`` instead. In particular:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1204
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":meth:`__del__` can be invoked when arbitrary code is being executed, "
|
||
"including from any arbitrary thread. If :meth:`__del__` needs to take a "
|
||
"lock or invoke any other blocking resource, it may deadlock as the resource "
|
||
"may already be taken by the code that gets interrupted to execute :meth:"
|
||
"`__del__`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1210
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":meth:`__del__` can be executed during interpreter shutdown. As a "
|
||
"consequence, the global variables it needs to access (including other "
|
||
"modules) may already have been deleted or set to ``None``. Python guarantees "
|
||
"that globals whose name begins with a single underscore are deleted from "
|
||
"their module before other globals are deleted; if no other references to "
|
||
"such globals exist, this may help in assuring that imported modules are "
|
||
"still available at the time when the :meth:`__del__` method is called."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1225
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called by the :func:`repr` built-in function to compute the \"official\" "
|
||
"string representation of an object. If at all possible, this should look "
|
||
"like a valid Python expression that could be used to recreate an object with "
|
||
"the same value (given an appropriate environment). If this is not possible, "
|
||
"a string of the form ``<...some useful description...>`` should be returned. "
|
||
"The return value must be a string object. If a class defines :meth:"
|
||
"`__repr__` but not :meth:`__str__`, then :meth:`__repr__` is also used when "
|
||
"an \"informal\" string representation of instances of that class is required."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1234
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This is typically used for debugging, so it is important that the "
|
||
"representation is information-rich and unambiguous."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1245
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called by :func:`str(object) <str>` and the built-in functions :func:"
|
||
"`format` and :func:`print` to compute the \"informal\" or nicely printable "
|
||
"string representation of an object. The return value must be a :ref:`string "
|
||
"<textseq>` object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1250
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method differs from :meth:`object.__repr__` in that there is no "
|
||
"expectation that :meth:`__str__` return a valid Python expression: a more "
|
||
"convenient or concise representation can be used."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1254
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The default implementation defined by the built-in type :class:`object` "
|
||
"calls :meth:`object.__repr__`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1264
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called by :ref:`bytes <func-bytes>` to compute a byte-string representation "
|
||
"of an object. This should return a :class:`bytes` object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1275
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called by the :func:`format` built-in function, and by extension, evaluation "
|
||
"of :ref:`formatted string literals <f-strings>` and the :meth:`str.format` "
|
||
"method, to produce a \"formatted\" string representation of an object. The "
|
||
"``format_spec`` argument is a string that contains a description of the "
|
||
"formatting options desired. The interpretation of the ``format_spec`` "
|
||
"argument is up to the type implementing :meth:`__format__`, however most "
|
||
"classes will either delegate formatting to one of the built-in types, or use "
|
||
"a similar formatting option syntax."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1285
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"See :ref:`formatspec` for a description of the standard formatting syntax."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1287
|
||
msgid "The return value must be a string object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1289
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The __format__ method of ``object`` itself raises a :exc:`TypeError` if "
|
||
"passed any non-empty string."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1305
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"These are the so-called \"rich comparison\" methods. The correspondence "
|
||
"between operator symbols and method names is as follows: ``x<y`` calls ``x."
|
||
"__lt__(y)``, ``x<=y`` calls ``x.__le__(y)``, ``x==y`` calls ``x.__eq__(y)``, "
|
||
"``x!=y`` calls ``x.__ne__(y)``, ``x>y`` calls ``x.__gt__(y)``, and ``x>=y`` "
|
||
"calls ``x.__ge__(y)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1311
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A rich comparison method may return the singleton ``NotImplemented`` if it "
|
||
"does not implement the operation for a given pair of arguments. By "
|
||
"convention, ``False`` and ``True`` are returned for a successful comparison. "
|
||
"However, these methods can return any value, so if the comparison operator "
|
||
"is used in a Boolean context (e.g., in the condition of an ``if`` "
|
||
"statement), Python will call :func:`bool` on the value to determine if the "
|
||
"result is true or false."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1318
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"By default, :meth:`__ne__` delegates to :meth:`__eq__` and inverts the "
|
||
"result unless it is ``NotImplemented``. There are no other implied "
|
||
"relationships among the comparison operators, for example, the truth of "
|
||
"``(x<y or x==y)`` does not imply ``x<=y``. To automatically generate "
|
||
"ordering operations from a single root operation, see :func:`functools."
|
||
"total_ordering`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1325
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"See the paragraph on :meth:`__hash__` for some important notes on creating :"
|
||
"term:`hashable` objects which support custom comparison operations and are "
|
||
"usable as dictionary keys."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1329
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"There are no swapped-argument versions of these methods (to be used when the "
|
||
"left argument does not support the operation but the right argument does); "
|
||
"rather, :meth:`__lt__` and :meth:`__gt__` are each other's reflection, :meth:"
|
||
"`__le__` and :meth:`__ge__` are each other's reflection, and :meth:`__eq__` "
|
||
"and :meth:`__ne__` are their own reflection. If the operands are of "
|
||
"different types, and right operand's type is a direct or indirect subclass "
|
||
"of the left operand's type, the reflected method of the right operand has "
|
||
"priority, otherwise the left operand's method has priority. Virtual "
|
||
"subclassing is not considered."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1346
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called by built-in function :func:`hash` and for operations on members of "
|
||
"hashed collections including :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`, and :class:"
|
||
"`dict`. :meth:`__hash__` should return an integer. The only required "
|
||
"property is that objects which compare equal have the same hash value; it is "
|
||
"advised to mix together the hash values of the components of the object that "
|
||
"also play a part in comparison of objects by packing them into a tuple and "
|
||
"hashing the tuple. Example::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1359
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":func:`hash` truncates the value returned from an object's custom :meth:"
|
||
"`__hash__` method to the size of a :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`. This is typically "
|
||
"8 bytes on 64-bit builds and 4 bytes on 32-bit builds. If an object's :"
|
||
"meth:`__hash__` must interoperate on builds of different bit sizes, be sure "
|
||
"to check the width on all supported builds. An easy way to do this is with "
|
||
"``python -c \"import sys; print(sys.hash_info.width)\"``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1367
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a class does not define an :meth:`__eq__` method it should not define a :"
|
||
"meth:`__hash__` operation either; if it defines :meth:`__eq__` but not :meth:"
|
||
"`__hash__`, its instances will not be usable as items in hashable "
|
||
"collections. If a class defines mutable objects and implements an :meth:"
|
||
"`__eq__` method, it should not implement :meth:`__hash__`, since the "
|
||
"implementation of hashable collections requires that a key's hash value is "
|
||
"immutable (if the object's hash value changes, it will be in the wrong hash "
|
||
"bucket)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1376
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"User-defined classes have :meth:`__eq__` and :meth:`__hash__` methods by "
|
||
"default; with them, all objects compare unequal (except with themselves) and "
|
||
"``x.__hash__()`` returns an appropriate value such that ``x == y`` implies "
|
||
"both that ``x is y`` and ``hash(x) == hash(y)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1381
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A class that overrides :meth:`__eq__` and does not define :meth:`__hash__` "
|
||
"will have its :meth:`__hash__` implicitly set to ``None``. When the :meth:"
|
||
"`__hash__` method of a class is ``None``, instances of the class will raise "
|
||
"an appropriate :exc:`TypeError` when a program attempts to retrieve their "
|
||
"hash value, and will also be correctly identified as unhashable when "
|
||
"checking ``isinstance(obj, collections.Hashable)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1388
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a class that overrides :meth:`__eq__` needs to retain the implementation "
|
||
"of :meth:`__hash__` from a parent class, the interpreter must be told this "
|
||
"explicitly by setting ``__hash__ = <ParentClass>.__hash__``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1392
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a class that does not override :meth:`__eq__` wishes to suppress hash "
|
||
"support, it should include ``__hash__ = None`` in the class definition. A "
|
||
"class which defines its own :meth:`__hash__` that explicitly raises a :exc:"
|
||
"`TypeError` would be incorrectly identified as hashable by an "
|
||
"``isinstance(obj, collections.Hashable)`` call."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1401
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"By default, the :meth:`__hash__` values of str, bytes and datetime objects "
|
||
"are \"salted\" with an unpredictable random value. Although they remain "
|
||
"constant within an individual Python process, they are not predictable "
|
||
"between repeated invocations of Python."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1406
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This is intended to provide protection against a denial-of-service caused by "
|
||
"carefully-chosen inputs that exploit the worst case performance of a dict "
|
||
"insertion, O(n^2) complexity. See http://www.ocert.org/advisories/"
|
||
"ocert-2011-003.html for details."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1411
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Changing hash values affects the iteration order of dicts, sets and other "
|
||
"mappings. Python has never made guarantees about this ordering (and it "
|
||
"typically varies between 32-bit and 64-bit builds)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1415
|
||
msgid "See also :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED`."
|
||
msgstr "Voir aussi :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED`."
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1417
|
||
msgid "Hash randomization is enabled by default."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1425
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement truth value testing and the built-in operation "
|
||
"``bool()``; should return ``False`` or ``True``. When this method is not "
|
||
"defined, :meth:`__len__` is called, if it is defined, and the object is "
|
||
"considered true if its result is nonzero. If a class defines neither :meth:"
|
||
"`__len__` nor :meth:`__bool__`, all its instances are considered true."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1436
|
||
msgid "Customizing attribute access"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1438
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following methods can be defined to customize the meaning of attribute "
|
||
"access (use of, assignment to, or deletion of ``x.name``) for class "
|
||
"instances."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1446
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called when the default attribute access fails with an :exc:`AttributeError` "
|
||
"(either :meth:`__getattribute__` raises an :exc:`AttributeError` because "
|
||
"*name* is not an instance attribute or an attribute in the class tree for "
|
||
"``self``; or :meth:`__get__` of a *name* property raises :exc:"
|
||
"`AttributeError`). This method should either return the (computed) "
|
||
"attribute value or raise an :exc:`AttributeError` exception."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1453
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that if the attribute is found through the normal mechanism, :meth:"
|
||
"`__getattr__` is not called. (This is an intentional asymmetry between :"
|
||
"meth:`__getattr__` and :meth:`__setattr__`.) This is done both for "
|
||
"efficiency reasons and because otherwise :meth:`__getattr__` would have no "
|
||
"way to access other attributes of the instance. Note that at least for "
|
||
"instance variables, you can fake total control by not inserting any values "
|
||
"in the instance attribute dictionary (but instead inserting them in another "
|
||
"object). See the :meth:`__getattribute__` method below for a way to "
|
||
"actually get total control over attribute access."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1466
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called unconditionally to implement attribute accesses for instances of the "
|
||
"class. If the class also defines :meth:`__getattr__`, the latter will not be "
|
||
"called unless :meth:`__getattribute__` either calls it explicitly or raises "
|
||
"an :exc:`AttributeError`. This method should return the (computed) attribute "
|
||
"value or raise an :exc:`AttributeError` exception. In order to avoid "
|
||
"infinite recursion in this method, its implementation should always call the "
|
||
"base class method with the same name to access any attributes it needs, for "
|
||
"example, ``object.__getattribute__(self, name)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1477
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method may still be bypassed when looking up special methods as the "
|
||
"result of implicit invocation via language syntax or built-in functions. "
|
||
"See :ref:`special-lookup`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1484
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called when an attribute assignment is attempted. This is called instead of "
|
||
"the normal mechanism (i.e. store the value in the instance dictionary). "
|
||
"*name* is the attribute name, *value* is the value to be assigned to it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1488
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If :meth:`__setattr__` wants to assign to an instance attribute, it should "
|
||
"call the base class method with the same name, for example, ``object."
|
||
"__setattr__(self, name, value)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1495
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Like :meth:`__setattr__` but for attribute deletion instead of assignment. "
|
||
"This should only be implemented if ``del obj.name`` is meaningful for the "
|
||
"object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1501
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called when :func:`dir` is called on the object. A sequence must be "
|
||
"returned. :func:`dir` converts the returned sequence to a list and sorts it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1506
|
||
msgid "Customizing module attribute access"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1511
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For a more fine grained customization of the module behavior (setting "
|
||
"attributes, properties, etc.), one can set the ``__class__`` attribute of a "
|
||
"module object to a subclass of :class:`types.ModuleType`. For example::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1529
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Setting module ``__class__`` only affects lookups made using the attribute "
|
||
"access syntax -- directly accessing the module globals (whether by code "
|
||
"within the module, or via a reference to the module's globals dictionary) is "
|
||
"unaffected."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1534
|
||
msgid "``__class__`` module attribute is now writable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1541
|
||
msgid "Implementing Descriptors"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1543
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following methods only apply when an instance of the class containing "
|
||
"the method (a so-called *descriptor* class) appears in an *owner* class (the "
|
||
"descriptor must be in either the owner's class dictionary or in the class "
|
||
"dictionary for one of its parents). In the examples below, \"the attribute"
|
||
"\" refers to the attribute whose name is the key of the property in the "
|
||
"owner class' :attr:`~object.__dict__`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1553
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to get the attribute of the owner class (class attribute access) or "
|
||
"of an instance of that class (instance attribute access). *owner* is always "
|
||
"the owner class, while *instance* is the instance that the attribute was "
|
||
"accessed through, or ``None`` when the attribute is accessed through the "
|
||
"*owner*. This method should return the (computed) attribute value or raise "
|
||
"an :exc:`AttributeError` exception."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1563
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to set the attribute on an instance *instance* of the owner class to "
|
||
"a new value, *value*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1569
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to delete the attribute on an instance *instance* of the owner class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1574
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called at the time the owning class *owner* is created. The descriptor has "
|
||
"been assigned to *name*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1580
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The attribute :attr:`__objclass__` is interpreted by the :mod:`inspect` "
|
||
"module as specifying the class where this object was defined (setting this "
|
||
"appropriately can assist in runtime introspection of dynamic class "
|
||
"attributes). For callables, it may indicate that an instance of the given "
|
||
"type (or a subclass) is expected or required as the first positional "
|
||
"argument (for example, CPython sets this attribute for unbound methods that "
|
||
"are implemented in C)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1591
|
||
msgid "Invoking Descriptors"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1593
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"In general, a descriptor is an object attribute with \"binding behavior\", "
|
||
"one whose attribute access has been overridden by methods in the descriptor "
|
||
"protocol: :meth:`__get__`, :meth:`__set__`, and :meth:`__delete__`. If any "
|
||
"of those methods are defined for an object, it is said to be a descriptor."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1598
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The default behavior for attribute access is to get, set, or delete the "
|
||
"attribute from an object's dictionary. For instance, ``a.x`` has a lookup "
|
||
"chain starting with ``a.__dict__['x']``, then ``type(a).__dict__['x']``, and "
|
||
"continuing through the base classes of ``type(a)`` excluding metaclasses."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1603
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"However, if the looked-up value is an object defining one of the descriptor "
|
||
"methods, then Python may override the default behavior and invoke the "
|
||
"descriptor method instead. Where this occurs in the precedence chain "
|
||
"depends on which descriptor methods were defined and how they were called."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1608
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The starting point for descriptor invocation is a binding, ``a.x``. How the "
|
||
"arguments are assembled depends on ``a``:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1613
|
||
msgid "Direct Call"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1612
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The simplest and least common call is when user code directly invokes a "
|
||
"descriptor method: ``x.__get__(a)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1617
|
||
msgid "Instance Binding"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1616
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If binding to an object instance, ``a.x`` is transformed into the call: "
|
||
"``type(a).__dict__['x'].__get__(a, type(a))``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1621
|
||
msgid "Class Binding"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1620
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If binding to a class, ``A.x`` is transformed into the call: ``A."
|
||
"__dict__['x'].__get__(None, A)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1627
|
||
msgid "Super Binding"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1624
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If ``a`` is an instance of :class:`super`, then the binding ``super(B, obj)."
|
||
"m()`` searches ``obj.__class__.__mro__`` for the base class ``A`` "
|
||
"immediately preceding ``B`` and then invokes the descriptor with the call: "
|
||
"``A.__dict__['m'].__get__(obj, obj.__class__)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1629
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For instance bindings, the precedence of descriptor invocation depends on "
|
||
"the which descriptor methods are defined. A descriptor can define any "
|
||
"combination of :meth:`__get__`, :meth:`__set__` and :meth:`__delete__`. If "
|
||
"it does not define :meth:`__get__`, then accessing the attribute will return "
|
||
"the descriptor object itself unless there is a value in the object's "
|
||
"instance dictionary. If the descriptor defines :meth:`__set__` and/or :meth:"
|
||
"`__delete__`, it is a data descriptor; if it defines neither, it is a non-"
|
||
"data descriptor. Normally, data descriptors define both :meth:`__get__` "
|
||
"and :meth:`__set__`, while non-data descriptors have just the :meth:"
|
||
"`__get__` method. Data descriptors with :meth:`__set__` and :meth:`__get__` "
|
||
"defined always override a redefinition in an instance dictionary. In "
|
||
"contrast, non-data descriptors can be overridden by instances."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1642
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Python methods (including :func:`staticmethod` and :func:`classmethod`) are "
|
||
"implemented as non-data descriptors. Accordingly, instances can redefine "
|
||
"and override methods. This allows individual instances to acquire behaviors "
|
||
"that differ from other instances of the same class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1647
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The :func:`property` function is implemented as a data descriptor. "
|
||
"Accordingly, instances cannot override the behavior of a property."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1654
|
||
msgid "__slots__"
|
||
msgstr "__slots__"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1656
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"By default, instances of classes have a dictionary for attribute storage. "
|
||
"This wastes space for objects having very few instance variables. The space "
|
||
"consumption can become acute when creating large numbers of instances."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1660
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The default can be overridden by defining *__slots__* in a class definition. "
|
||
"The *__slots__* declaration takes a sequence of instance variables and "
|
||
"reserves just enough space in each instance to hold a value for each "
|
||
"variable. Space is saved because *__dict__* is not created for each "
|
||
"instance."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1668
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This class variable can be assigned a string, iterable, or sequence of "
|
||
"strings with variable names used by instances. *__slots__* reserves space "
|
||
"for the declared variables and prevents the automatic creation of *__dict__* "
|
||
"and *__weakref__* for each instance."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1675
|
||
msgid "Notes on using *__slots__*"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1677
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When inheriting from a class without *__slots__*, the *__dict__* attribute "
|
||
"of that class will always be accessible, so a *__slots__* definition in the "
|
||
"subclass is meaningless."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1681
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Without a *__dict__* variable, instances cannot be assigned new variables "
|
||
"not listed in the *__slots__* definition. Attempts to assign to an unlisted "
|
||
"variable name raises :exc:`AttributeError`. If dynamic assignment of new "
|
||
"variables is desired, then add ``'__dict__'`` to the sequence of strings in "
|
||
"the *__slots__* declaration."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1687
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Without a *__weakref__* variable for each instance, classes defining "
|
||
"*__slots__* do not support weak references to its instances. If weak "
|
||
"reference support is needed, then add ``'__weakref__'`` to the sequence of "
|
||
"strings in the *__slots__* declaration."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1692
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*__slots__* are implemented at the class level by creating descriptors (:ref:"
|
||
"`descriptors`) for each variable name. As a result, class attributes cannot "
|
||
"be used to set default values for instance variables defined by *__slots__*; "
|
||
"otherwise, the class attribute would overwrite the descriptor assignment."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1698
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The action of a *__slots__* declaration is limited to the class where it is "
|
||
"defined. As a result, subclasses will have a *__dict__* unless they also "
|
||
"define *__slots__* (which must only contain names of any *additional* slots)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1702
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a class defines a slot also defined in a base class, the instance "
|
||
"variable defined by the base class slot is inaccessible (except by "
|
||
"retrieving its descriptor directly from the base class). This renders the "
|
||
"meaning of the program undefined. In the future, a check may be added to "
|
||
"prevent this."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1707
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Nonempty *__slots__* does not work for classes derived from \"variable-length"
|
||
"\" built-in types such as :class:`int`, :class:`bytes` and :class:`tuple`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1710
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Any non-string iterable may be assigned to *__slots__*. Mappings may also be "
|
||
"used; however, in the future, special meaning may be assigned to the values "
|
||
"corresponding to each key."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1714
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*__class__* assignment works only if both classes have the same *__slots__*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1720
|
||
msgid "Customizing class creation"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1722
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Whenever a class inherits from another class, *__init_subclass__* is called "
|
||
"on that class. This way, it is possible to write classes which change the "
|
||
"behavior of subclasses. This is closely related to class decorators, but "
|
||
"where class decorators only affect the specific class they're applied to, "
|
||
"``__init_subclass__`` solely applies to future subclasses of the class "
|
||
"defining the method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1731
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method is called whenever the containing class is subclassed. *cls* is "
|
||
"then the new subclass. If defined as a normal instance method, this method "
|
||
"is implicitly converted to a class method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1735
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Keyword arguments which are given to a new class are passed to the parent's "
|
||
"class ``__init_subclass__``. For compatibility with other classes using "
|
||
"``__init_subclass__``, one should take out the needed keyword arguments and "
|
||
"pass the others over to the base class, as in::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1749
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The default implementation ``object.__init_subclass__`` does nothing, but "
|
||
"raises an error if it is called with any arguments."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1754
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The metaclass hint ``metaclass`` is consumed by the rest of the type "
|
||
"machinery, and is never passed to ``__init_subclass__`` implementations. The "
|
||
"actual metaclass (rather than the explicit hint) can be accessed as "
|
||
"``type(cls)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1765
|
||
msgid "Metaclasses"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1771
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"By default, classes are constructed using :func:`type`. The class body is "
|
||
"executed in a new namespace and the class name is bound locally to the "
|
||
"result of ``type(name, bases, namespace)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1775
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The class creation process can be customized by passing the ``metaclass`` "
|
||
"keyword argument in the class definition line, or by inheriting from an "
|
||
"existing class that included such an argument. In the following example, "
|
||
"both ``MyClass`` and ``MySubclass`` are instances of ``Meta``::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1789
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Any other keyword arguments that are specified in the class definition are "
|
||
"passed through to all metaclass operations described below."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1792
|
||
msgid "When a class definition is executed, the following steps occur:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1794
|
||
msgid "the appropriate metaclass is determined"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1795
|
||
msgid "the class namespace is prepared"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1796
|
||
msgid "the class body is executed"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1797
|
||
msgid "the class object is created"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1800
|
||
msgid "Determining the appropriate metaclass"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1804
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The appropriate metaclass for a class definition is determined as follows:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1806
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"if no bases and no explicit metaclass are given, then :func:`type` is used"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1807
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"if an explicit metaclass is given and it is *not* an instance of :func:"
|
||
"`type`, then it is used directly as the metaclass"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1809
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"if an instance of :func:`type` is given as the explicit metaclass, or bases "
|
||
"are defined, then the most derived metaclass is used"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1812
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The most derived metaclass is selected from the explicitly specified "
|
||
"metaclass (if any) and the metaclasses (i.e. ``type(cls)``) of all specified "
|
||
"base classes. The most derived metaclass is one which is a subtype of *all* "
|
||
"of these candidate metaclasses. If none of the candidate metaclasses meets "
|
||
"that criterion, then the class definition will fail with ``TypeError``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1822
|
||
msgid "Preparing the class namespace"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1827
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Once the appropriate metaclass has been identified, then the class namespace "
|
||
"is prepared. If the metaclass has a ``__prepare__`` attribute, it is called "
|
||
"as ``namespace = metaclass.__prepare__(name, bases, **kwds)`` (where the "
|
||
"additional keyword arguments, if any, come from the class definition)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1832
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the metaclass has no ``__prepare__`` attribute, then the class namespace "
|
||
"is initialised as an empty ordered mapping."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1837
|
||
msgid ":pep:`3115` - Metaclasses in Python 3000"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1838
|
||
msgid "Introduced the ``__prepare__`` namespace hook"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1842
|
||
msgid "Executing the class body"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1847
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The class body is executed (approximately) as ``exec(body, globals(), "
|
||
"namespace)``. The key difference from a normal call to :func:`exec` is that "
|
||
"lexical scoping allows the class body (including any methods) to reference "
|
||
"names from the current and outer scopes when the class definition occurs "
|
||
"inside a function."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1853
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"However, even when the class definition occurs inside the function, methods "
|
||
"defined inside the class still cannot see names defined at the class scope. "
|
||
"Class variables must be accessed through the first parameter of instance or "
|
||
"class methods, or through the implicit lexically scoped ``__class__`` "
|
||
"reference described in the next section."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1862
|
||
msgid "Creating the class object"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1869
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Once the class namespace has been populated by executing the class body, the "
|
||
"class object is created by calling ``metaclass(name, bases, namespace, "
|
||
"**kwds)`` (the additional keywords passed here are the same as those passed "
|
||
"to ``__prepare__``)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1874
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This class object is the one that will be referenced by the zero-argument "
|
||
"form of :func:`super`. ``__class__`` is an implicit closure reference "
|
||
"created by the compiler if any methods in a class body refer to either "
|
||
"``__class__`` or ``super``. This allows the zero argument form of :func:"
|
||
"`super` to correctly identify the class being defined based on lexical "
|
||
"scoping, while the class or instance that was used to make the current call "
|
||
"is identified based on the first argument passed to the method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1884
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"In CPython 3.6 and later, the ``__class__`` cell is passed to the metaclass "
|
||
"as a ``__classcell__`` entry in the class namespace. If present, this must "
|
||
"be propagated up to the ``type.__new__`` call in order for the class to be "
|
||
"initialised correctly. Failing to do so will result in a :exc:"
|
||
"`DeprecationWarning` in Python 3.6, and a :exc:`RuntimeWarning` in the "
|
||
"future."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1891
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When using the default metaclass :class:`type`, or any metaclass that "
|
||
"ultimately calls ``type.__new__``, the following additional customisation "
|
||
"steps are invoked after creating the class object:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1895
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"first, ``type.__new__`` collects all of the descriptors in the class "
|
||
"namespace that define a :meth:`~object.__set_name__` method;"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1897
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"second, all of these ``__set_name__`` methods are called with the class "
|
||
"being defined and the assigned name of that particular descriptor; and"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1899
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"finally, the :meth:`~object.__init_subclass__` hook is called on the "
|
||
"immediate parent of the new class in its method resolution order."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1902
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"After the class object is created, it is passed to the class decorators "
|
||
"included in the class definition (if any) and the resulting object is bound "
|
||
"in the local namespace as the defined class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1906
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When a new class is created by ``type.__new__``, the object provided as the "
|
||
"namespace parameter is copied to a new ordered mapping and the original "
|
||
"object is discarded. The new copy is wrapped in a read-only proxy, which "
|
||
"becomes the :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute of the class object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1913
|
||
msgid ":pep:`3135` - New super"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1914
|
||
msgid "Describes the implicit ``__class__`` closure reference"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1918
|
||
msgid "Metaclass example"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1920
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The potential uses for metaclasses are boundless. Some ideas that have been "
|
||
"explored include enum, logging, interface checking, automatic delegation, "
|
||
"automatic property creation, proxies, frameworks, and automatic resource "
|
||
"locking/synchronization."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1925
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Here is an example of a metaclass that uses an :class:`collections."
|
||
"OrderedDict` to remember the order that class variables are defined::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1948
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When the class definition for *A* gets executed, the process begins with "
|
||
"calling the metaclass's :meth:`__prepare__` method which returns an empty :"
|
||
"class:`collections.OrderedDict`. That mapping records the methods and "
|
||
"attributes of *A* as they are defined within the body of the class "
|
||
"statement. Once those definitions are executed, the ordered dictionary is "
|
||
"fully populated and the metaclass's :meth:`__new__` method gets invoked. "
|
||
"That method builds the new type and it saves the ordered dictionary keys in "
|
||
"an attribute called ``members``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1959
|
||
msgid "Customizing instance and subclass checks"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1961
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following methods are used to override the default behavior of the :func:"
|
||
"`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` built-in functions."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1964
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"In particular, the metaclass :class:`abc.ABCMeta` implements these methods "
|
||
"in order to allow the addition of Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) as \"virtual "
|
||
"base classes\" to any class or type (including built-in types), including "
|
||
"other ABCs."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1971
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return true if *instance* should be considered a (direct or indirect) "
|
||
"instance of *class*. If defined, called to implement ``isinstance(instance, "
|
||
"class)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1978
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return true if *subclass* should be considered a (direct or indirect) "
|
||
"subclass of *class*. If defined, called to implement ``issubclass(subclass, "
|
||
"class)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1983
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that these methods are looked up on the type (metaclass) of a class. "
|
||
"They cannot be defined as class methods in the actual class. This is "
|
||
"consistent with the lookup of special methods that are called on instances, "
|
||
"only in this case the instance is itself a class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1994
|
||
msgid ":pep:`3119` - Introducing Abstract Base Classes"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:1991
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Includes the specification for customizing :func:`isinstance` and :func:"
|
||
"`issubclass` behavior through :meth:`~class.__instancecheck__` and :meth:"
|
||
"`~class.__subclasscheck__`, with motivation for this functionality in the "
|
||
"context of adding Abstract Base Classes (see the :mod:`abc` module) to the "
|
||
"language."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2001
|
||
msgid "Emulating callable objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2008
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called when the instance is \"called\" as a function; if this method is "
|
||
"defined, ``x(arg1, arg2, ...)`` is a shorthand for ``x.__call__(arg1, "
|
||
"arg2, ...)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2015
|
||
msgid "Emulating container types"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2017
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following methods can be defined to implement container objects. "
|
||
"Containers usually are sequences (such as lists or tuples) or mappings (like "
|
||
"dictionaries), but can represent other containers as well. The first set of "
|
||
"methods is used either to emulate a sequence or to emulate a mapping; the "
|
||
"difference is that for a sequence, the allowable keys should be the integers "
|
||
"*k* for which ``0 <= k < N`` where *N* is the length of the sequence, or "
|
||
"slice objects, which define a range of items. It is also recommended that "
|
||
"mappings provide the methods :meth:`keys`, :meth:`values`, :meth:`items`, :"
|
||
"meth:`get`, :meth:`clear`, :meth:`setdefault`, :meth:`pop`, :meth:"
|
||
"`popitem`, :meth:`!copy`, and :meth:`update` behaving similar to those for "
|
||
"Python's standard dictionary objects. The :mod:`collections` module "
|
||
"provides a :class:`~collections.abc.MutableMapping` abstract base class to "
|
||
"help create those methods from a base set of :meth:`__getitem__`, :meth:"
|
||
"`__setitem__`, :meth:`__delitem__`, and :meth:`keys`. Mutable sequences "
|
||
"should provide methods :meth:`append`, :meth:`count`, :meth:`index`, :meth:"
|
||
"`extend`, :meth:`insert`, :meth:`pop`, :meth:`remove`, :meth:`reverse` and :"
|
||
"meth:`sort`, like Python standard list objects. Finally, sequence types "
|
||
"should implement addition (meaning concatenation) and multiplication "
|
||
"(meaning repetition) by defining the methods :meth:`__add__`, :meth:"
|
||
"`__radd__`, :meth:`__iadd__`, :meth:`__mul__`, :meth:`__rmul__` and :meth:"
|
||
"`__imul__` described below; they should not define other numerical "
|
||
"operators. It is recommended that both mappings and sequences implement "
|
||
"the :meth:`__contains__` method to allow efficient use of the ``in`` "
|
||
"operator; for mappings, ``in`` should search the mapping's keys; for "
|
||
"sequences, it should search through the values. It is further recommended "
|
||
"that both mappings and sequences implement the :meth:`__iter__` method to "
|
||
"allow efficient iteration through the container; for mappings, :meth:"
|
||
"`__iter__` should be the same as :meth:`keys`; for sequences, it should "
|
||
"iterate through the values."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2052
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement the built-in function :func:`len`. Should return the "
|
||
"length of the object, an integer ``>=`` 0. Also, an object that doesn't "
|
||
"define a :meth:`__bool__` method and whose :meth:`__len__` method returns "
|
||
"zero is considered to be false in a Boolean context."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2059
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"In CPython, the length is required to be at most :attr:`sys.maxsize`. If the "
|
||
"length is larger than :attr:`!sys.maxsize` some features (such as :func:"
|
||
"`len`) may raise :exc:`OverflowError`. To prevent raising :exc:`!"
|
||
"OverflowError` by truth value testing, an object must define a :meth:"
|
||
"`__bool__` method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2068
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement :func:`operator.length_hint`. Should return an estimated "
|
||
"length for the object (which may be greater or less than the actual length). "
|
||
"The length must be an integer ``>=`` 0. This method is purely an "
|
||
"optimization and is never required for correctness."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2078
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Slicing is done exclusively with the following three methods. A call like ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2082
|
||
msgid "is translated to ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2086
|
||
msgid "and so forth. Missing slice items are always filled in with ``None``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2093
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement evaluation of ``self[key]``. For sequence types, the "
|
||
"accepted keys should be integers and slice objects. Note that the special "
|
||
"interpretation of negative indexes (if the class wishes to emulate a "
|
||
"sequence type) is up to the :meth:`__getitem__` method. If *key* is of an "
|
||
"inappropriate type, :exc:`TypeError` may be raised; if of a value outside "
|
||
"the set of indexes for the sequence (after any special interpretation of "
|
||
"negative values), :exc:`IndexError` should be raised. For mapping types, if "
|
||
"*key* is missing (not in the container), :exc:`KeyError` should be raised."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2104
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":keyword:`for` loops expect that an :exc:`IndexError` will be raised for "
|
||
"illegal indexes to allow proper detection of the end of the sequence."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2110
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called by :class:`dict`\\ .\\ :meth:`__getitem__` to implement ``self[key]`` "
|
||
"for dict subclasses when key is not in the dictionary."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2116
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement assignment to ``self[key]``. Same note as for :meth:"
|
||
"`__getitem__`. This should only be implemented for mappings if the objects "
|
||
"support changes to the values for keys, or if new keys can be added, or for "
|
||
"sequences if elements can be replaced. The same exceptions should be raised "
|
||
"for improper *key* values as for the :meth:`__getitem__` method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2125
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement deletion of ``self[key]``. Same note as for :meth:"
|
||
"`__getitem__`. This should only be implemented for mappings if the objects "
|
||
"support removal of keys, or for sequences if elements can be removed from "
|
||
"the sequence. The same exceptions should be raised for improper *key* "
|
||
"values as for the :meth:`__getitem__` method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2134
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method is called when an iterator is required for a container. This "
|
||
"method should return a new iterator object that can iterate over all the "
|
||
"objects in the container. For mappings, it should iterate over the keys of "
|
||
"the container."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2138
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Iterator objects also need to implement this method; they are required to "
|
||
"return themselves. For more information on iterator objects, see :ref:"
|
||
"`typeiter`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2144
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called (if present) by the :func:`reversed` built-in to implement reverse "
|
||
"iteration. It should return a new iterator object that iterates over all "
|
||
"the objects in the container in reverse order."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2148
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the :meth:`__reversed__` method is not provided, the :func:`reversed` "
|
||
"built-in will fall back to using the sequence protocol (:meth:`__len__` and :"
|
||
"meth:`__getitem__`). Objects that support the sequence protocol should only "
|
||
"provide :meth:`__reversed__` if they can provide an implementation that is "
|
||
"more efficient than the one provided by :func:`reversed`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2155
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The membership test operators (:keyword:`in` and :keyword:`not in`) are "
|
||
"normally implemented as an iteration through a sequence. However, container "
|
||
"objects can supply the following special method with a more efficient "
|
||
"implementation, which also does not require the object be a sequence."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2162
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement membership test operators. Should return true if *item* "
|
||
"is in *self*, false otherwise. For mapping objects, this should consider "
|
||
"the keys of the mapping rather than the values or the key-item pairs."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2166
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For objects that don't define :meth:`__contains__`, the membership test "
|
||
"first tries iteration via :meth:`__iter__`, then the old sequence iteration "
|
||
"protocol via :meth:`__getitem__`, see :ref:`this section in the language "
|
||
"reference <membership-test-details>`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2175
|
||
msgid "Emulating numeric types"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2177
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following methods can be defined to emulate numeric objects. Methods "
|
||
"corresponding to operations that are not supported by the particular kind of "
|
||
"number implemented (e.g., bitwise operations for non-integral numbers) "
|
||
"should be left undefined."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2203
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"These methods are called to implement the binary arithmetic operations (``"
|
||
"+``, ``-``, ``*``, ``@``, ``/``, ``//``, ``%``, :func:`divmod`, :func:`pow`, "
|
||
"``**``, ``<<``, ``>>``, ``&``, ``^``, ``|``). For instance, to evaluate the "
|
||
"expression ``x + y``, where *x* is an instance of a class that has an :meth:"
|
||
"`__add__` method, ``x.__add__(y)`` is called. The :meth:`__divmod__` method "
|
||
"should be the equivalent to using :meth:`__floordiv__` and :meth:`__mod__`; "
|
||
"it should not be related to :meth:`__truediv__`. Note that :meth:`__pow__` "
|
||
"should be defined to accept an optional third argument if the ternary "
|
||
"version of the built-in :func:`pow` function is to be supported."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2214
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If one of those methods does not support the operation with the supplied "
|
||
"arguments, it should return ``NotImplemented``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2237
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"These methods are called to implement the binary arithmetic operations (``"
|
||
"+``, ``-``, ``*``, ``@``, ``/``, ``//``, ``%``, :func:`divmod`, :func:`pow`, "
|
||
"``**``, ``<<``, ``>>``, ``&``, ``^``, ``|``) with reflected (swapped) "
|
||
"operands. These functions are only called if the left operand does not "
|
||
"support the corresponding operation [#]_ and the operands are of different "
|
||
"types. [#]_ For instance, to evaluate the expression ``x - y``, where *y* is "
|
||
"an instance of a class that has an :meth:`__rsub__` method, ``y."
|
||
"__rsub__(x)`` is called if ``x.__sub__(y)`` returns *NotImplemented*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2248
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that ternary :func:`pow` will not try calling :meth:`__rpow__` (the "
|
||
"coercion rules would become too complicated)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2253
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the right operand's type is a subclass of the left operand's type and "
|
||
"that subclass provides the reflected method for the operation, this method "
|
||
"will be called before the left operand's non-reflected method. This "
|
||
"behavior allows subclasses to override their ancestors' operations."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2273
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"These methods are called to implement the augmented arithmetic assignments "
|
||
"(``+=``, ``-=``, ``*=``, ``@=``, ``/=``, ``//=``, ``%=``, ``**=``, ``<<=``, "
|
||
"``>>=``, ``&=``, ``^=``, ``|=``). These methods should attempt to do the "
|
||
"operation in-place (modifying *self*) and return the result (which could be, "
|
||
"but does not have to be, *self*). If a specific method is not defined, the "
|
||
"augmented assignment falls back to the normal methods. For instance, if *x* "
|
||
"is an instance of a class with an :meth:`__iadd__` method, ``x += y`` is "
|
||
"equivalent to ``x = x.__iadd__(y)`` . Otherwise, ``x.__add__(y)`` and ``y."
|
||
"__radd__(x)`` are considered, as with the evaluation of ``x + y``. In "
|
||
"certain situations, augmented assignment can result in unexpected errors "
|
||
"(see :ref:`faq-augmented-assignment-tuple-error`), but this behavior is in "
|
||
"fact part of the data model."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2294
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement the unary arithmetic operations (``-``, ``+``, :func:"
|
||
"`abs` and ``~``)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2309
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement the built-in functions :func:`complex`, :func:`int`, :"
|
||
"func:`float` and :func:`round`. Should return a value of the appropriate "
|
||
"type."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2316
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Called to implement :func:`operator.index`, and whenever Python needs to "
|
||
"losslessly convert the numeric object to an integer object (such as in "
|
||
"slicing, or in the built-in :func:`bin`, :func:`hex` and :func:`oct` "
|
||
"functions). Presence of this method indicates that the numeric object is an "
|
||
"integer type. Must return an integer."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2324
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"In order to have a coherent integer type class, when :meth:`__index__` is "
|
||
"defined :meth:`__int__` should also be defined, and both should return the "
|
||
"same value."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2332
|
||
msgid "With Statement Context Managers"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2334
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A :dfn:`context manager` is an object that defines the runtime context to be "
|
||
"established when executing a :keyword:`with` statement. The context manager "
|
||
"handles the entry into, and the exit from, the desired runtime context for "
|
||
"the execution of the block of code. Context managers are normally invoked "
|
||
"using the :keyword:`with` statement (described in section :ref:`with`), but "
|
||
"can also be used by directly invoking their methods."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2345
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Typical uses of context managers include saving and restoring various kinds "
|
||
"of global state, locking and unlocking resources, closing opened files, etc."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2348
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For more information on context managers, see :ref:`typecontextmanager`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2353
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Enter the runtime context related to this object. The :keyword:`with` "
|
||
"statement will bind this method's return value to the target(s) specified in "
|
||
"the :keyword:`as` clause of the statement, if any."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2360
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Exit the runtime context related to this object. The parameters describe the "
|
||
"exception that caused the context to be exited. If the context was exited "
|
||
"without an exception, all three arguments will be :const:`None`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2364
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If an exception is supplied, and the method wishes to suppress the exception "
|
||
"(i.e., prevent it from being propagated), it should return a true value. "
|
||
"Otherwise, the exception will be processed normally upon exit from this "
|
||
"method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2368
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that :meth:`__exit__` methods should not reraise the passed-in "
|
||
"exception; this is the caller's responsibility."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2375
|
||
msgid ":pep:`343` - The \"with\" statement"
|
||
msgstr ":pep:`343` - The \"with\" statement"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2375
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The specification, background, and examples for the Python :keyword:`with` "
|
||
"statement."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2382
|
||
msgid "Special method lookup"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2384
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For custom classes, implicit invocations of special methods are only "
|
||
"guaranteed to work correctly if defined on an object's type, not in the "
|
||
"object's instance dictionary. That behaviour is the reason why the "
|
||
"following code raises an exception::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2399
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The rationale behind this behaviour lies with a number of special methods "
|
||
"such as :meth:`__hash__` and :meth:`__repr__` that are implemented by all "
|
||
"objects, including type objects. If the implicit lookup of these methods "
|
||
"used the conventional lookup process, they would fail when invoked on the "
|
||
"type object itself::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2412
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Incorrectly attempting to invoke an unbound method of a class in this way is "
|
||
"sometimes referred to as 'metaclass confusion', and is avoided by bypassing "
|
||
"the instance when looking up special methods::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2421
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"In addition to bypassing any instance attributes in the interest of "
|
||
"correctness, implicit special method lookup generally also bypasses the :"
|
||
"meth:`__getattribute__` method even of the object's metaclass::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2447
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Bypassing the :meth:`__getattribute__` machinery in this fashion provides "
|
||
"significant scope for speed optimisations within the interpreter, at the "
|
||
"cost of some flexibility in the handling of special methods (the special "
|
||
"method *must* be set on the class object itself in order to be consistently "
|
||
"invoked by the interpreter)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2458
|
||
msgid "Coroutines"
|
||
msgstr "Coroutines"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2462
|
||
msgid "Awaitable Objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2464
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An :term:`awaitable` object generally implements an :meth:`__await__` "
|
||
"method. :term:`Coroutine` objects returned from :keyword:`async def` "
|
||
"functions are awaitable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2470
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The :term:`generator iterator` objects returned from generators decorated "
|
||
"with :func:`types.coroutine` or :func:`asyncio.coroutine` are also "
|
||
"awaitable, but they do not implement :meth:`__await__`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2476
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Must return an :term:`iterator`. Should be used to implement :term:"
|
||
"`awaitable` objects. For instance, :class:`asyncio.Future` implements this "
|
||
"method to be compatible with the :keyword:`await` expression."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2482
|
||
msgid ":pep:`492` for additional information about awaitable objects."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2488
|
||
msgid "Coroutine Objects"
|
||
msgstr "Objets Coroutines"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2490
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":term:`Coroutine` objects are :term:`awaitable` objects. A coroutine's "
|
||
"execution can be controlled by calling :meth:`__await__` and iterating over "
|
||
"the result. When the coroutine has finished executing and returns, the "
|
||
"iterator raises :exc:`StopIteration`, and the exception's :attr:"
|
||
"`~StopIteration.value` attribute holds the return value. If the coroutine "
|
||
"raises an exception, it is propagated by the iterator. Coroutines should "
|
||
"not directly raise unhandled :exc:`StopIteration` exceptions."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2498
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Coroutines also have the methods listed below, which are analogous to those "
|
||
"of generators (see :ref:`generator-methods`). However, unlike generators, "
|
||
"coroutines do not directly support iteration."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2502
|
||
msgid "It is a :exc:`RuntimeError` to await on a coroutine more than once."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2508
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Starts or resumes execution of the coroutine. If *value* is ``None``, this "
|
||
"is equivalent to advancing the iterator returned by :meth:`__await__`. If "
|
||
"*value* is not ``None``, this method delegates to the :meth:`~generator."
|
||
"send` method of the iterator that caused the coroutine to suspend. The "
|
||
"result (return value, :exc:`StopIteration`, or other exception) is the same "
|
||
"as when iterating over the :meth:`__await__` return value, described above."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2518
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Raises the specified exception in the coroutine. This method delegates to "
|
||
"the :meth:`~generator.throw` method of the iterator that caused the "
|
||
"coroutine to suspend, if it has such a method. Otherwise, the exception is "
|
||
"raised at the suspension point. The result (return value, :exc:"
|
||
"`StopIteration`, or other exception) is the same as when iterating over the :"
|
||
"meth:`__await__` return value, described above. If the exception is not "
|
||
"caught in the coroutine, it propagates back to the caller."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2529
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Causes the coroutine to clean itself up and exit. If the coroutine is "
|
||
"suspended, this method first delegates to the :meth:`~generator.close` "
|
||
"method of the iterator that caused the coroutine to suspend, if it has such "
|
||
"a method. Then it raises :exc:`GeneratorExit` at the suspension point, "
|
||
"causing the coroutine to immediately clean itself up. Finally, the coroutine "
|
||
"is marked as having finished executing, even if it was never started."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2537
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Coroutine objects are automatically closed using the above process when they "
|
||
"are about to be destroyed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2543
|
||
msgid "Asynchronous Iterators"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2545
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An *asynchronous iterable* is able to call asynchronous code in its "
|
||
"``__aiter__`` implementation, and an *asynchronous iterator* can call "
|
||
"asynchronous code in its ``__anext__`` method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2549
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Asynchronous iterators can be used in an :keyword:`async for` statement."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2553
|
||
msgid "Must return an *asynchronous iterator* object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2557
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Must return an *awaitable* resulting in a next value of the iterator. "
|
||
"Should raise a :exc:`StopAsyncIteration` error when the iteration is over."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2560
|
||
msgid "An example of an asynchronous iterable object::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2579
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Starting with CPython 3.5.2, ``__aiter__`` can directly return :term:"
|
||
"`asynchronous iterators <asynchronous iterator>`. Returning an :term:"
|
||
"`awaitable` object will result in a :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2585
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The recommended way of writing backwards compatible code in CPython 3.5.x is "
|
||
"to continue returning awaitables from ``__aiter__``. If you want to avoid "
|
||
"the PendingDeprecationWarning and keep the code backwards compatible, the "
|
||
"following decorator can be used::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2604
|
||
msgid "Example::"
|
||
msgstr "Exemples ::"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2615
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Starting with CPython 3.6, the :exc:`PendingDeprecationWarning` will be "
|
||
"replaced with the :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. In CPython 3.7, returning an "
|
||
"awaitable from ``__aiter__`` will result in a :exc:`RuntimeError`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2622
|
||
msgid "Asynchronous Context Managers"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2624
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An *asynchronous context manager* is a *context manager* that is able to "
|
||
"suspend execution in its ``__aenter__`` and ``__aexit__`` methods."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2627
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Asynchronous context managers can be used in an :keyword:`async with` "
|
||
"statement."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2631
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method is semantically similar to the :meth:`__enter__`, with only "
|
||
"difference that it must return an *awaitable*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2636
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method is semantically similar to the :meth:`__exit__`, with only "
|
||
"difference that it must return an *awaitable*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2639
|
||
msgid "An example of an asynchronous context manager class::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2652
|
||
msgid "Footnotes"
|
||
msgstr "Notes"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2653
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"It *is* possible in some cases to change an object's type, under certain "
|
||
"controlled conditions. It generally isn't a good idea though, since it can "
|
||
"lead to some very strange behaviour if it is handled incorrectly."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2657
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The :meth:`__hash__`, :meth:`__iter__`, :meth:`__reversed__`, and :meth:"
|
||
"`__contains__` methods have special handling for this; others will still "
|
||
"raise a :exc:`TypeError`, but may do so by relying on the behavior that "
|
||
"``None`` is not callable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2662
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"\"Does not support\" here means that the class has no such method, or the "
|
||
"method returns ``NotImplemented``. Do not set the method to ``None`` if you "
|
||
"want to force fallback to the right operand's reflected method—that will "
|
||
"instead have the opposite effect of explicitly *blocking* such fallback."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/reference/datamodel.rst:2668
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For operands of the same type, it is assumed that if the non-reflected "
|
||
"method (such as :meth:`__add__`) fails the operation is not supported, which "
|
||
"is why the reflected method is not called."
|
||
msgstr ""
|