# Copyright (C) 2001-2018, Python Software Foundation # For licence information, see README file. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-05-22 23:13+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2022-11-21 22:01+0100\n" "Last-Translator: Jean-Michel Laprise \n" "Language-Team: FRENCH \n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Poedit 3.2.1\n" #: library/typing.rst:3 msgid ":mod:`typing` --- Support for type hints" msgstr ":mod:`typing` — Prise en charge des annotations de type" #: library/typing.rst:10 msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/typing.py`" msgstr "**Code source :** :source:`Lib/typing.py`" #: library/typing.rst:14 msgid "" "The Python runtime does not enforce function and variable type annotations. " "They can be used by third party tools such as type checkers, IDEs, linters, " "etc." msgstr "" "Le moteur d'exécution Python n'applique pas les annotations de type pour les " "fonctions et les variables. Elles peuvent être utilisées par des outils " "tiers tels que les contrôleurs de type, les IDE, les analyseurs de code, etc." #: library/typing.rst:20 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This module provides runtime support for type hints. The most fundamental " "support consists of the types :data:`Any`, :data:`Union`, :data:`Callable`, :" "class:`TypeVar`, and :class:`Generic`. For a full specification, please see :" "pep:`484`. For a simplified introduction to type hints, see :pep:`483`." msgstr "" "Ce module fournit la gestion des annotations de type à l'exécution " "conformément à ce qui est spécifié dans les :pep:`484`, :pep:`526`, :pep:" "`544`, :pep:`586`, :pep:`589` et :pep:`591`. Le support le plus fondamental " "se compose des types :data:`Any`, :data:`Union`, :data:`Tuple`, :data:" "`Callable`, :class:`TypeVar` et :class:`Generic`. Pour les spécifications " "complètes, voir la :pep:`484`. Pour une introduction simplifiée aux " "annotations de type, voir la :pep:`483`." #: library/typing.rst:26 msgid "" "The function below takes and returns a string and is annotated as follows::" msgstr "" "La fonction ci-dessous prend et renvoie une chaîne de caractères, et est " "annotée comme suit ::" #: library/typing.rst:31 msgid "" "In the function ``greeting``, the argument ``name`` is expected to be of " "type :class:`str` and the return type :class:`str`. Subtypes are accepted as " "arguments." msgstr "" "La fonction ``greeting`` s'attend à ce que l'argument ``name`` soit de type :" "class:`str` et le type de retour :class:`str`. Les sous-types sont acceptés " "comme arguments." #: library/typing.rst:35 msgid "" "New features are frequently added to the ``typing`` module. The " "`typing_extensions `_ package " "provides backports of these new features to older versions of Python." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:39 msgid "" "For a summary of deprecated features and a deprecation timeline, please see " "`Deprecation Timeline of Major Features`_." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:46 msgid "Relevant PEPs" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:48 msgid "" "Since the initial introduction of type hints in :pep:`484` and :pep:`483`, a " "number of PEPs have modified and enhanced Python's framework for type " "annotations. These include:" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:53 msgid ":pep:`526`: Syntax for Variable Annotations" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:53 msgid "" "*Introducing* syntax for annotating variables outside of function " "definitions, and :data:`ClassVar`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:56 msgid ":pep:`544`: Protocols: Structural subtyping (static duck typing)" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:56 msgid "" "*Introducing* :class:`Protocol` and the :func:" "`@runtime_checkable` decorator" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:59 msgid ":pep:`585`: Type Hinting Generics In Standard Collections" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:59 msgid "" "*Introducing* :class:`types.GenericAlias` and the ability to use standard " "library classes as :ref:`generic types`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:61 msgid ":pep:`586`: Literal Types" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:62 msgid "*Introducing* :data:`Literal`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:63 msgid "" ":pep:`589`: TypedDict: Type Hints for Dictionaries with a Fixed Set of Keys" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:64 msgid "*Introducing* :class:`TypedDict`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:65 msgid ":pep:`591`: Adding a final qualifier to typing" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:66 msgid "*Introducing* :data:`Final` and the :func:`@final` decorator" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:67 msgid ":pep:`593`: Flexible function and variable annotations" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:68 msgid "*Introducing* :data:`Annotated`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:71 msgid ":pep:`604`: Allow writing union types as ``X | Y``" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:70 msgid "" "*Introducing* :data:`types.UnionType` and the ability to use the binary-or " "operator ``|`` to signify a :ref:`union of types`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:73 msgid ":pep:`612`: Parameter Specification Variables" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:74 msgid "*Introducing* :class:`ParamSpec` and :data:`Concatenate`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:75 #, fuzzy msgid ":pep:`613`: Explicit Type Aliases" msgstr "Voir la :pep:`484` pour plus de détails." #: library/typing.rst:76 msgid "*Introducing* :data:`TypeAlias`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:77 msgid ":pep:`646`: Variadic Generics" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:78 msgid "*Introducing* :data:`TypeVarTuple`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:79 msgid ":pep:`647`: User-Defined Type Guards" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:80 msgid "*Introducing* :data:`TypeGuard`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:81 msgid ":pep:`673`: Self type" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:82 msgid "*Introducing* :data:`Self`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:84 msgid ":pep:`675`: Arbitrary Literal String Type" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:84 msgid "*Introducing* :data:`LiteralString`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:89 msgid "Type aliases" msgstr "Alias de type" #: library/typing.rst:91 #, fuzzy msgid "" "A type alias is defined by assigning the type to the alias. In this example, " "``Vector`` and ``list[float]`` will be treated as interchangeable synonyms::" msgstr "" "Un alias de type est défini en assignant le type à l'alias. Dans cet " "exemple, ``Vector`` et ``List[float]`` sont traités comme des synonymes " "interchangeables ::" #: library/typing.rst:102 msgid "" "Type aliases are useful for simplifying complex type signatures. For " "example::" msgstr "" "Les alias de type sont utiles pour simplifier les signatures complexes. Par " "exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:120 msgid "" "Note that ``None`` as a type hint is a special case and is replaced by " "``type(None)``." msgstr "" "Notez que ``None`` comme indication de type est un cas particulier et est " "remplacé par ``type(None)``." #: library/typing.rst:126 msgid "NewType" msgstr "*NewType*" #: library/typing.rst:128 #, fuzzy msgid "Use the :class:`NewType` helper to create distinct types::" msgstr "" "Aidez-vous de la fonction :func:`NewType` pour créer des types distincts ::" #: library/typing.rst:135 msgid "" "The static type checker will treat the new type as if it were a subclass of " "the original type. This is useful in helping catch logical errors::" msgstr "" "Le vérificateur de type statique traite le nouveau type comme s'il " "s'agissait d'une sous-classe du type original. C'est utile pour aider à " "détecter les erreurs logiques ::" #: library/typing.rst:147 msgid "" "You may still perform all ``int`` operations on a variable of type " "``UserId``, but the result will always be of type ``int``. This lets you " "pass in a ``UserId`` wherever an ``int`` might be expected, but will prevent " "you from accidentally creating a ``UserId`` in an invalid way::" msgstr "" "Vous pouvez toujours effectuer toutes les opérations applicables à un entier " "(type ``int``) sur une variable de type ``UserId``, mais le résultat sera " "toujours de type ``int``. Ceci vous permet de passer un ``UserId`` partout " "où un ``int`` est attendu, mais vous empêche de créer accidentellement un " "``UserId`` d'une manière invalide ::" #: library/typing.rst:155 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Note that these checks are enforced only by the static type checker. At " "runtime, the statement ``Derived = NewType('Derived', Base)`` will make " "``Derived`` a callable that immediately returns whatever parameter you pass " "it. That means the expression ``Derived(some_value)`` does not create a new " "class or introduce much overhead beyond that of a regular function call." msgstr "" "Notez que ces contrôles ne sont exécutés que par le vérificateur de type " "statique. À l'exécution, l'instruction ``Derived = NewType('Derived', " "Base)`` fait de ``Derived`` une fonction qui renvoie immédiatement le " "paramètre que vous lui passez. Cela signifie que l'expression " "``Derived(some_value)`` ne crée pas une nouvelle classe ou n'introduit pas " "de surcharge au-delà de celle d'un appel de fonction normal." #: library/typing.rst:161 msgid "" "More precisely, the expression ``some_value is Derived(some_value)`` is " "always true at runtime." msgstr "" "Plus précisément, l'expression ``some_value is Derived(some_value)`` est " "toujours vraie au moment de l'exécution." #: library/typing.rst:164 msgid "It is invalid to create a subtype of ``Derived``::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:173 #, fuzzy msgid "" "However, it is possible to create a :class:`NewType` based on a 'derived' " "``NewType``::" msgstr "" "Cependant, il est possible de créer un :func:`NewType` basé sur un " "``NewType`` « dérivé » ::" #: library/typing.rst:181 msgid "and typechecking for ``ProUserId`` will work as expected." msgstr "et la vérification de type pour ``ProUserId`` fonctionne comme prévu." #: library/typing.rst:183 msgid "See :pep:`484` for more details." msgstr "Voir la :pep:`484` pour plus de détails." #: library/typing.rst:187 msgid "" "Recall that the use of a type alias declares two types to be *equivalent* to " "one another. Doing ``Alias = Original`` will make the static type checker " "treat ``Alias`` as being *exactly equivalent* to ``Original`` in all cases. " "This is useful when you want to simplify complex type signatures." msgstr "" "Rappelons que l'utilisation d'un alias de type déclare que deux types sont " "*équivalents* l'un à l'autre. Écrire ``Alias = Original`` fait que le " "vérificateur de type statique traite ``Alias`` comme étant *exactement " "équivalent* à ``Original`` dans tous les cas. C'est utile lorsque vous " "voulez simplifier des signatures complexes." #: library/typing.rst:192 msgid "" "In contrast, ``NewType`` declares one type to be a *subtype* of another. " "Doing ``Derived = NewType('Derived', Original)`` will make the static type " "checker treat ``Derived`` as a *subclass* of ``Original``, which means a " "value of type ``Original`` cannot be used in places where a value of type " "``Derived`` is expected. This is useful when you want to prevent logic " "errors with minimal runtime cost." msgstr "" "En revanche, ``NewType`` déclare qu'un type est un *sous-type* d'un autre. " "Écrire ``Derived = NewType('Derived', Original)`` fait en sorte que le " "vérificateur de type statique traite ``Derived`` comme une *sous-classe* de " "``Original``, ce qui signifie qu'une valeur de type ``Original`` ne peut " "être utilisée dans les endroits où une valeur de type ``Derived`` est " "prévue. C'est utile lorsque vous voulez éviter les erreurs logiques avec un " "coût d'exécution minimal." #: library/typing.rst:201 msgid "" "``NewType`` is now a class rather than a function. There is some additional " "runtime cost when calling ``NewType`` over a regular function. However, " "this cost will be reduced in 3.11.0." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:208 msgid "Callable" msgstr "Appelable" #: library/typing.rst:210 msgid "" "Frameworks expecting callback functions of specific signatures might be type " "hinted using ``Callable[[Arg1Type, Arg2Type], ReturnType]``." msgstr "" "Les cadriciels (*frameworks* en anglais) qui attendent des fonctions de " "rappel ayant des signatures spécifiques peuvent être typés en utilisant " "``Callable[[Arg1Type, Arg2Type], ReturnType]``." #: library/typing.rst:1142 library/typing.rst:2695 msgid "For example::" msgstr "Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:228 msgid "" "It is possible to declare the return type of a callable without specifying " "the call signature by substituting a literal ellipsis for the list of " "arguments in the type hint: ``Callable[..., ReturnType]``." msgstr "" "Il est possible de déclarer le type de retour d'un appelable sans spécifier " "la signature de l'appel en indiquant des points de suspension à la liste des " "arguments dans l'indice de type : ``Callable[..., ReturnType]``." #: library/typing.rst:832 msgid "" "Callables which take other callables as arguments may indicate that their " "parameter types are dependent on each other using :class:`ParamSpec`. " "Additionally, if that callable adds or removes arguments from other " "callables, the :data:`Concatenate` operator may be used. They take the form " "``Callable[ParamSpecVariable, ReturnType]`` and " "``Callable[Concatenate[Arg1Type, Arg2Type, ..., ParamSpecVariable], " "ReturnType]`` respectively." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:844 msgid "" "``Callable`` now supports :class:`ParamSpec` and :data:`Concatenate`. See :" "pep:`612` for more information." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:245 msgid "" "The documentation for :class:`ParamSpec` and :class:`Concatenate` provides " "examples of usage in ``Callable``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:251 msgid "Generics" msgstr "Génériques" #: library/typing.rst:253 msgid "" "Since type information about objects kept in containers cannot be statically " "inferred in a generic way, abstract base classes have been extended to " "support subscription to denote expected types for container elements." msgstr "" "Comme les informations de type sur les objets conservés dans des conteneurs " "ne peuvent pas être déduites statiquement de manière générique, les classes " "mères abstraites ont été étendues pour prendre en charge la sélection " "(*subscription* en anglais) et indiquer les types attendus pour les éléments " "de conteneur." #: library/typing.rst:264 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Generics can be parameterized by using a factory available in typing called :" "class:`TypeVar`." msgstr "" "Les génériques peuvent être paramétrés en utilisant une nouvelle fabrique " "(au sens des patrons de conception) disponible en tapant :class:`TypeVar`." #: library/typing.rst:280 msgid "User-defined generic types" msgstr "Types génériques définis par l'utilisateur" #: library/typing.rst:282 msgid "A user-defined class can be defined as a generic class." msgstr "" "Une classe définie par l'utilisateur peut être définie comme une classe " "générique." #: library/typing.rst:308 msgid "" "``Generic[T]`` as a base class defines that the class ``LoggedVar`` takes a " "single type parameter ``T`` . This also makes ``T`` valid as a type within " "the class body." msgstr "" "``Generic[T]`` en tant que classe mère définit que la classe ``LoggedVar`` " "prend un paramètre de type unique ``T``. Ceci rend également ``T`` valide en " "tant que type dans le corps de la classe." #: library/typing.rst:312 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The :class:`Generic` base class defines :meth:`~object.__class_getitem__` so " "that ``LoggedVar[t]`` is valid as a type::" msgstr "" "La classe mère :class:`Generic` définit :meth:`__class_getitem__` de sorte " "que ``LoggedVar[t]`` est valide comme type ::" #: library/typing.rst:321 #, fuzzy msgid "" "A generic type can have any number of type variables. All varieties of :" "class:`TypeVar` are permissible as parameters for a generic type::" msgstr "" "Un type générique peut avoir un nombre quelconque de variables de type et " "vous pouvez fixer des contraintes sur les variables de type ::" #: library/typing.rst:333 msgid "" "Each type variable argument to :class:`Generic` must be distinct. This is " "thus invalid::" msgstr "" "Chaque argument de variable de type :class:`Generic` doit être distinct. " "Ceci n'est donc pas valable ::" #: library/typing.rst:344 msgid "You can use multiple inheritance with :class:`Generic`::" msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser l'héritage multiple avec :class:`Generic` ::" #: library/typing.rst:354 msgid "" "When inheriting from generic classes, some type variables could be fixed::" msgstr "" "Lors de l'héritage de classes génériques, certaines variables de type " "peuvent être corrigées ::" #: library/typing.rst:364 msgid "In this case ``MyDict`` has a single parameter, ``T``." msgstr "Dans ce cas, ``MyDict`` a un seul paramètre, ``T``." #: library/typing.rst:366 msgid "" "Using a generic class without specifying type parameters assumes :data:`Any` " "for each position. In the following example, ``MyIterable`` is not generic " "but implicitly inherits from ``Iterable[Any]``::" msgstr "" "L'utilisation d'une classe générique sans spécifier de paramètres de type " "suppose :data:`Any` pour chaque position. Dans l'exemple suivant, " "``MyIterable`` n'est pas générique mais hérite implicitement de " "``Iterable[Any]`` ::" #: library/typing.rst:374 msgid "User defined generic type aliases are also supported. Examples::" msgstr "" "Les alias de type générique définis par l'utilisateur sont également pris en " "charge. Exemples ::" #: library/typing.rst:391 msgid ":class:`Generic` no longer has a custom metaclass." msgstr ":class:`Generic` n'a plus de métaclasse personnalisée." #: library/typing.rst:394 msgid "" "User-defined generics for parameter expressions are also supported via " "parameter specification variables in the form ``Generic[P]``. The behavior " "is consistent with type variables' described above as parameter " "specification variables are treated by the typing module as a specialized " "type variable. The one exception to this is that a list of types can be " "used to substitute a :class:`ParamSpec`::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:411 msgid "" "Furthermore, a generic with only one parameter specification variable will " "accept parameter lists in the forms ``X[[Type1, Type2, ...]]`` and also " "``X[Type1, Type2, ...]`` for aesthetic reasons. Internally, the latter is " "converted to the former, so the following are equivalent::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:423 msgid "" "Do note that generics with :class:`ParamSpec` may not have correct " "``__parameters__`` after substitution in some cases because they are " "intended primarily for static type checking." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:427 msgid "" ":class:`Generic` can now be parameterized over parameter expressions. See :" "class:`ParamSpec` and :pep:`612` for more details." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:431 msgid "" "A user-defined generic class can have ABCs as base classes without a " "metaclass conflict. Generic metaclasses are not supported. The outcome of " "parameterizing generics is cached, and most types in the typing module are " "hashable and comparable for equality." msgstr "" "Une classe générique définie par l'utilisateur peut avoir des classes mères " "abstraites (ABC pour *Abstract Base Classes* en anglais) sans conflit de " "métaclasses. Les métaclasses génériques ne sont pas prises en charge. Le " "résultat du paramétrage des génériques est mis en cache et la plupart des " "types dans le module ``typing`` sont hachables et comparables pour l'égalité." #: library/typing.rst:438 msgid "The :data:`Any` type" msgstr "Le type :data:`Any`" #: library/typing.rst:440 msgid "" "A special kind of type is :data:`Any`. A static type checker will treat " "every type as being compatible with :data:`Any` and :data:`Any` as being " "compatible with every type." msgstr "" "Un type particulier est :data:`Any`. Un vérificateur de type statique traite " "chaque type comme étant compatible avec :data:`Any` et :data:`Any` comme " "étant compatible avec chaque type." #: library/typing.rst:444 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This means that it is possible to perform any operation or method call on a " "value of type :data:`Any` and assign it to any variable::" msgstr "" "Cela signifie qu'il est possible d'effectuer n'importe quelle opération ou " "appel de méthode sur une valeur de type :data:`Any` et de l'affecter à " "n'importe quelle variable ::" #: library/typing.rst:462 msgid "" "Notice that no typechecking is performed when assigning a value of type :" "data:`Any` to a more precise type. For example, the static type checker did " "not report an error when assigning ``a`` to ``s`` even though ``s`` was " "declared to be of type :class:`str` and receives an :class:`int` value at " "runtime!" msgstr "" "Notez qu'aucun contrôle de typage n'est effectué lors de l'affectation d'une " "valeur de type :data:`Any` à un type plus précis. Par exemple, le " "vérificateur de type statique ne signale pas d'erreur lors de l'affectation " "de ``a`` à ``s`` même si ``s`` était déclaré être de type :class:`str` et " "reçoit une valeur :class:`int` au moment de son exécution !" #: library/typing.rst:468 msgid "" "Furthermore, all functions without a return type or parameter types will " "implicitly default to using :data:`Any`::" msgstr "" "De plus, toutes les fonctions sans type de retour ni type de paramètre sont " "considérées comme utilisant :data:`Any` implicitement par défaut ::" #: library/typing.rst:481 msgid "" "This behavior allows :data:`Any` to be used as an *escape hatch* when you " "need to mix dynamically and statically typed code." msgstr "" "Ce comportement permet à :data:`Any` d'être utilisé comme succédané lorsque " "vous avez besoin de mélanger du code typé dynamiquement et statiquement." #: library/typing.rst:484 msgid "" "Contrast the behavior of :data:`Any` with the behavior of :class:`object`. " "Similar to :data:`Any`, every type is a subtype of :class:`object`. However, " "unlike :data:`Any`, the reverse is not true: :class:`object` is *not* a " "subtype of every other type." msgstr "" "Comparons le comportement de :data:`Any` avec celui de :class:`object`. De " "la même manière que pour :data:`Any`, chaque type est un sous-type de :class:" "`object`. Cependant, contrairement à :data:`Any`, l'inverse n'est pas " "vrai : :class:`object` n'est *pas* un sous-type de chaque autre type." #: library/typing.rst:489 msgid "" "That means when the type of a value is :class:`object`, a type checker will " "reject almost all operations on it, and assigning it to a variable (or using " "it as a return value) of a more specialized type is a type error. For " "example::" msgstr "" "Cela signifie que lorsque le type d'une valeur est :class:`object`, un " "vérificateur de type rejette presque toutes les opérations sur celle-ci, et " "l'affecter à une variable (ou l'utiliser comme une valeur de retour) d'un " "type plus spécialisé est une erreur de typage. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:511 msgid "" "Use :class:`object` to indicate that a value could be any type in a typesafe " "manner. Use :data:`Any` to indicate that a value is dynamically typed." msgstr "" "Utilisez :class:`object` pour indiquer qu'une valeur peut être de n'importe " "quel type de manière sûre. Utiliser :data:`Any` pour indiquer qu'une valeur " "est typée dynamiquement." #: library/typing.rst:516 msgid "Nominal vs structural subtyping" msgstr "Sous-typage nominal et sous-typage structurel" #: library/typing.rst:518 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Initially :pep:`484` defined the Python static type system as using *nominal " "subtyping*. This means that a class ``A`` is allowed where a class ``B`` is " "expected if and only if ``A`` is a subclass of ``B``." msgstr "" "Initialement la :pep:`484` définissait le système de type statique Python " "comme utilisant *le sous-type nominal*. Cela signifie qu'une classe ``A`` " "est permise lorsqu'une classe ``B`` est prévue si et seulement si ``A`` est " "une sous-classe de ``B``." #: library/typing.rst:522 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This requirement previously also applied to abstract base classes, such as :" "class:`~collections.abc.Iterable`. The problem with this approach is that a " "class had to be explicitly marked to support them, which is unpythonic and " "unlike what one would normally do in idiomatic dynamically typed Python " "code. For example, this conforms to :pep:`484`::" msgstr "" "Ce pré-requis s'appliquait auparavant aussi aux classes mères abstraites, " "telles que :class:`Iterable`. Le problème avec cette approche est qu'une " "classe devait être explicitement marquée pour les supporter, ce qui n'est " "pas *pythonique* et diffère de ce que l'on ferait normalement avec du code " "Python idiomatique typé dynamiquement. Par exemple, ceci est conforme à la :" "pep:`484` ::" #: library/typing.rst:535 msgid "" ":pep:`544` allows to solve this problem by allowing users to write the above " "code without explicit base classes in the class definition, allowing " "``Bucket`` to be implicitly considered a subtype of both ``Sized`` and " "``Iterable[int]`` by static type checkers. This is known as *structural " "subtyping* (or static duck-typing)::" msgstr "" "La :pep:`544` permet de résoudre ce problème en permettant aux utilisateurs " "d'écrire le code ci-dessus sans classes mères explicites dans la définition " "de classe, permettant à ``Bucket`` d'être implicitement considéré comme un " "sous-type de ``Sized`` et ``Iterable[int]`` par des vérificateurs de type " "statique. C'est ce qu'on appelle le *sous-typage structurel* (ou typage " "canard) ::" #: library/typing.rst:551 msgid "" "Moreover, by subclassing a special class :class:`Protocol`, a user can " "define new custom protocols to fully enjoy structural subtyping (see " "examples below)." msgstr "" "De plus, en sous-classant une classe spéciale :class:`Protocol`, un " "utilisateur peut définir de nouveaux protocoles personnalisés pour profiter " "pleinement du sous-typage structurel (voir exemples ci-dessous)." #: library/typing.rst:556 msgid "Module contents" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:558 #, fuzzy msgid "The module defines the following classes, functions and decorators." msgstr "Ce module définit les classes, fonctions et décorateurs suivants :" #: library/typing.rst:562 msgid "" "This module defines several types that are subclasses of pre-existing " "standard library classes which also extend :class:`Generic` to support type " "variables inside ``[]``. These types became redundant in Python 3.9 when the " "corresponding pre-existing classes were enhanced to support ``[]``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:568 msgid "" "The redundant types are deprecated as of Python 3.9 but no deprecation " "warnings will be issued by the interpreter. It is expected that type " "checkers will flag the deprecated types when the checked program targets " "Python 3.9 or newer." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:573 msgid "" "The deprecated types will be removed from the :mod:`typing` module in the " "first Python version released 5 years after the release of Python 3.9.0. See " "details in :pep:`585`—*Type Hinting Generics In Standard Collections*." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:579 msgid "Special typing primitives" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:582 #, fuzzy msgid "Special types" msgstr "Type « optionnel »." #: library/typing.rst:584 msgid "These can be used as types in annotations and do not support ``[]``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:588 msgid "Special type indicating an unconstrained type." msgstr "Type spécial indiquant un type non contraint." #: library/typing.rst:590 msgid "Every type is compatible with :data:`Any`." msgstr "Chaque type est compatible avec :data:`Any`." #: library/typing.rst:591 msgid ":data:`Any` is compatible with every type." msgstr ":data:`Any` est compatible avec tous les types." #: library/typing.rst:593 msgid "" ":data:`Any` can now be used as a base class. This can be useful for avoiding " "type checker errors with classes that can duck type anywhere or are highly " "dynamic." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:600 msgid "" "Special type that includes only literal strings. A string literal is " "compatible with ``LiteralString``, as is another ``LiteralString``, but an " "object typed as just ``str`` is not. A string created by composing " "``LiteralString``-typed objects is also acceptable as a ``LiteralString``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2369 #, fuzzy msgid "Example::" msgstr "Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:620 msgid "" "This is useful for sensitive APIs where arbitrary user-generated strings " "could generate problems. For example, the two cases above that generate type " "checker errors could be vulnerable to an SQL injection attack." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:629 msgid "" "The `bottom type `_, a type that " "has no members." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:632 msgid "" "This can be used to define a function that should never be called, or a " "function that never returns::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:652 msgid "" "On older Python versions, :data:`NoReturn` may be used to express the same " "concept. ``Never`` was added to make the intended meaning more explicit." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:657 msgid "Special type indicating that a function never returns. For example::" msgstr "Type spécial indiquant qu'une fonction ne renvoie rien. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:665 msgid "" "``NoReturn`` can also be used as a `bottom type `_, a type that has no values. Starting in Python 3.11, " "the :data:`Never` type should be used for this concept instead. Type " "checkers should treat the two equivalently." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:676 #, fuzzy msgid "Special type to represent the current enclosed class. For example::" msgstr "Type spécial indiquant qu'une fonction ne renvoie rien. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:687 msgid "" "This annotation is semantically equivalent to the following, albeit in a " "more succinct fashion::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:699 msgid "In general if something currently follows the pattern of::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:706 msgid "" "You should use use :data:`Self` as calls to ``SubclassOfFoo.returns_self`` " "would have ``Foo`` as the return type and not ``SubclassOfFoo``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:709 msgid "Other common use cases include:" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:711 msgid "" ":class:`classmethod`\\s that are used as alternative constructors and return " "instances of the ``cls`` parameter." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:713 msgid "Annotating an :meth:`~object.__enter__` method which returns self." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:715 msgid "For more information, see :pep:`673`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:721 msgid "" "Special annotation for explicitly declaring a :ref:`type alias `. For example::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:728 #, fuzzy msgid "See :pep:`613` for more details about explicit type aliases." msgstr "Voir la :pep:`484` pour plus de détails." #: library/typing.rst:733 msgid "Special forms" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:735 msgid "" "These can be used as types in annotations using ``[]``, each having a unique " "syntax." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:739 msgid "" "Tuple type; ``Tuple[X, Y]`` is the type of a tuple of two items with the " "first item of type X and the second of type Y. The type of the empty tuple " "can be written as ``Tuple[()]``." msgstr "" "Type « *n*-uplet » ; ``Tuple[X, Y]`` est le type d'un *n*-uplet à deux " "éléments avec le premier élément de type X et le second de type Y. Le type " "du *n*-uplet vide peut être écrit comme ``Tuple[()]``." #: library/typing.rst:743 msgid "" "Example: ``Tuple[T1, T2]`` is a tuple of two elements corresponding to type " "variables T1 and T2. ``Tuple[int, float, str]`` is a tuple of an int, a " "float and a string." msgstr "" "Exemple : ``Tuple[T1, T2]`` est une paire correspondant aux variables de " "type ``T1`` et ``T2``. ``Tuple[int, float, str]`` est un triplet composé " "d'un entier, d'un flottant et d'une chaîne de caractères." #: library/typing.rst:747 msgid "" "To specify a variable-length tuple of homogeneous type, use literal " "ellipsis, e.g. ``Tuple[int, ...]``. A plain :data:`Tuple` is equivalent to " "``Tuple[Any, ...]``, and in turn to :class:`tuple`." msgstr "" "Pour spécifier un *n*-uplet de longueur variable et de type homogène, " "utilisez une ellipse, par exemple ``Tuple[int, ....]``. Un *n*-uplet :data:" "`Tuple` est équivalent à ``Tuple[Any, ....]`` et, à son tour, à :class:" "`tuple`." #: library/typing.rst:751 msgid "" ":class:`builtins.tuple ` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`builtins.tuple ` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:757 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Union type; ``Union[X, Y]`` is equivalent to ``X | Y`` and means either X or " "Y." msgstr "Type « union » ; ``Union[X, Y]`` signifie X ou Y." #: library/typing.rst:759 #, fuzzy msgid "" "To define a union, use e.g. ``Union[int, str]`` or the shorthand ``int | " "str``. Using that shorthand is recommended. Details:" msgstr "" "Pour définir une union, utilisez par exemple ``Union[int, str]``. Détail :" #: library/typing.rst:761 msgid "The arguments must be types and there must be at least one." msgstr "" "Les arguments doivent être des types et il doit y en avoir au moins un." #: library/typing.rst:763 msgid "Unions of unions are flattened, e.g.::" msgstr "Les unions d'unions sont aplanies, par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:767 msgid "Unions of a single argument vanish, e.g.::" msgstr "Les unions d'un seul argument disparaissent, par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:771 msgid "Redundant arguments are skipped, e.g.::" msgstr "Les arguments redondants sont ignorés, par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:775 msgid "When comparing unions, the argument order is ignored, e.g.::" msgstr "" "Lors de la comparaison d'unions, l'ordre des arguments est ignoré, par " "exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:779 #, fuzzy msgid "You cannot subclass or instantiate a ``Union``." msgstr "Vous ne pouvez pas sous-classer ou instancier une union." #: library/typing.rst:781 msgid "You cannot write ``Union[X][Y]``." msgstr "Vous ne pouvez pas écrire ``Union[X][Y]``." #: library/typing.rst:783 msgid "Don't remove explicit subclasses from unions at runtime." msgstr "Ne supprime pas les sous-classes explicites des unions à l'exécution." #: library/typing.rst:786 msgid "" "Unions can now be written as ``X | Y``. See :ref:`union type " "expressions`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:792 msgid "Optional type." msgstr "Type « optionnel »." #: library/typing.rst:794 #, fuzzy msgid "``Optional[X]`` is equivalent to ``X | None`` (or ``Union[X, None]``)." msgstr "``Optional[X]`` équivaut à ``Union[X, None]``." #: library/typing.rst:796 msgid "" "Note that this is not the same concept as an optional argument, which is one " "that has a default. An optional argument with a default does not require " "the ``Optional`` qualifier on its type annotation just because it is " "optional. For example::" msgstr "" "Notez que ce n'est pas le même concept qu'un argument optionnel, qui est un " "argument qui possède une valeur par défaut. Un argument optionnel (qui a une " "valeur par défaut) ne nécessite pas, à ce titre, le qualificatif " "``Optional`` sur son annotation de type. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:804 msgid "" "On the other hand, if an explicit value of ``None`` is allowed, the use of " "``Optional`` is appropriate, whether the argument is optional or not. For " "example::" msgstr "" "Par contre, si une valeur explicite de ``None`` est permise, l'utilisation " "de ``Optional`` est appropriée, que l'argument soit facultatif ou non. Par " "exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:811 msgid "" "Optional can now be written as ``X | None``. See :ref:`union type " "expressions`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:817 msgid "Callable type; ``Callable[[int], str]`` is a function of (int) -> str." msgstr "" "Type Appelable. ``Callable[[int], str]`` est une fonction de type ``(int) -> " "str``." #: library/typing.rst:819 msgid "" "The subscription syntax must always be used with exactly two values: the " "argument list and the return type. The argument list must be a list of " "types or an ellipsis; the return type must be a single type." msgstr "" "La syntaxe de sélection (*subscription* en anglais) doit toujours être " "utilisée avec exactement deux valeurs : la liste d'arguments et le type de " "retour. La liste d'arguments doit être une liste de types ou une ellipse ; " "il doit y avoir un seul type de retour." #: library/typing.rst:824 msgid "" "There is no syntax to indicate optional or keyword arguments; such function " "types are rarely used as callback types. ``Callable[..., ReturnType]`` " "(literal ellipsis) can be used to type hint a callable taking any number of " "arguments and returning ``ReturnType``. A plain :data:`Callable` is " "equivalent to ``Callable[..., Any]``, and in turn to :class:`collections.abc." "Callable`." msgstr "" "Il n'y a pas de syntaxe pour indiquer les arguments optionnels ou les " "arguments par mots-clés ; de tels types de fonctions sont rarement utilisés " "comme types de rappel. ``Callable[..., ReturnType]`` (ellipse) peut être " "utilisé pour annoter le type d'un appelable, prenant un nombre quelconque " "d'arguments et renvoyant ``ReturnType``. Un simple :data:`Callable` est " "équivalent à ``Callable[..., Any]`` et, à son tour, à :class:`collections." "abc.Callable`." #: library/typing.rst:840 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Callable` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Callable` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:849 msgid "" "The documentation for :class:`ParamSpec` and :class:`Concatenate` provide " "examples of usage with ``Callable``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:854 msgid "" "Used with :data:`Callable` and :class:`ParamSpec` to type annotate a higher " "order callable which adds, removes, or transforms parameters of another " "callable. Usage is in the form ``Concatenate[Arg1Type, Arg2Type, ..., " "ParamSpecVariable]``. ``Concatenate`` is currently only valid when used as " "the first argument to a :data:`Callable`. The last parameter to " "``Concatenate`` must be a :class:`ParamSpec` or ellipsis (``...``)." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:862 msgid "" "For example, to annotate a decorator ``with_lock`` which provides a :class:" "`threading.Lock` to the decorated function, ``Concatenate`` can be used to " "indicate that ``with_lock`` expects a callable which takes in a ``Lock`` as " "the first argument, and returns a callable with a different type signature. " "In this case, the :class:`ParamSpec` indicates that the returned callable's " "parameter types are dependent on the parameter types of the callable being " "passed in::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1474 msgid "" ":pep:`612` -- Parameter Specification Variables (the PEP which introduced " "``ParamSpec`` and ``Concatenate``)." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:903 msgid ":class:`ParamSpec` and :class:`Callable`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:908 msgid "" "A variable annotated with ``C`` may accept a value of type ``C``. In " "contrast, a variable annotated with ``Type[C]`` may accept values that are " "classes themselves -- specifically, it will accept the *class object* of " "``C``. For example::" msgstr "" "Une variable annotée de ``C`` peut accepter une valeur de type ``C``. En " "revanche, une variable annotée avec ``Type[C]`` peut accepter des valeurs " "qui sont elles-mêmes des classes — plus précisément, elle accepte l'objet " "*class* de ``C``. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:917 msgid "Note that ``Type[C]`` is covariant::" msgstr "Notez que ``Type[C]`` est covariant ::" #: library/typing.rst:929 msgid "" "The fact that ``Type[C]`` is covariant implies that all subclasses of ``C`` " "should implement the same constructor signature and class method signatures " "as ``C``. The type checker should flag violations of this, but should also " "allow constructor calls in subclasses that match the constructor calls in " "the indicated base class. How the type checker is required to handle this " "particular case may change in future revisions of :pep:`484`." msgstr "" "Le fait que ``Type[C]`` soit covariant implique que toutes les sous-classes " "de ``C`` doivent implémenter la même signature de constructeur et les " "signatures de méthode de classe que ``C``. Le vérificateur de type doit " "signaler les manquements à cette règle. Il doit également autoriser les " "appels du constructeur dans les sous-classes qui correspondent aux appels du " "constructeur dans la classe mère indiquée. La façon dont le vérificateur de " "type est tenu de traiter ce cas particulier peut changer dans les futures " "révisions de :pep:`484`." #: library/typing.rst:937 msgid "" "The only legal parameters for :class:`Type` are classes, :data:`Any`, :ref:" "`type variables `, and unions of any of these types. For example::" msgstr "" "Les seuls paramètres légitimes pour :class:`Type` sont les classes, :data:" "`Any`, :ref:`type variables `, et les unions de ces types. Par " "exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:943 msgid "" "``Type[Any]`` is equivalent to ``Type`` which in turn is equivalent to " "``type``, which is the root of Python's metaclass hierarchy." msgstr "" "``Type[Any]`` est équivalent à ``Type`` qui à son tour est équivalent à " "``type``, qui est la racine de la hiérarchie des métaclasses de Python." #: library/typing.rst:948 msgid "" ":class:`builtins.type ` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`builtins.type ` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:954 msgid "" "A type that can be used to indicate to type checkers that the corresponding " "variable or function parameter has a value equivalent to the provided " "literal (or one of several literals). For example::" msgstr "" "Type pour indiquer aux vérificateurs de type que la variable ou le paramètre " "de fonction correspondant a une valeur équivalente au littéral fourni (ou un " "parmi plusieurs littéraux). Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:968 msgid "" "``Literal[...]`` cannot be subclassed. At runtime, an arbitrary value is " "allowed as type argument to ``Literal[...]``, but type checkers may impose " "restrictions. See :pep:`586` for more details about literal types." msgstr "" "``Literal[...]`` ne peut être sous-classé. Lors de l'exécution, une valeur " "arbitraire est autorisée comme argument de type pour ``Literal[...]``, mais " "les vérificateurs de type peuvent imposer des restrictions. Voir la :pep:" "`586` pour plus de détails sur les types littéraux." #: library/typing.rst:974 msgid "" "``Literal`` now de-duplicates parameters. Equality comparisons of " "``Literal`` objects are no longer order dependent. ``Literal`` objects will " "now raise a :exc:`TypeError` exception during equality comparisons if one of " "their parameters are not :term:`hashable`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:982 msgid "Special type construct to mark class variables." msgstr "" "Construction de type particulière pour indiquer les variables de classe." #: library/typing.rst:984 msgid "" "As introduced in :pep:`526`, a variable annotation wrapped in ClassVar " "indicates that a given attribute is intended to be used as a class variable " "and should not be set on instances of that class. Usage::" msgstr "" "Telle qu'introduite dans la :pep:`526`, une annotation de variable " "enveloppée dans ClassVar indique qu'un attribut donné est destiné à être " "utilisé comme une variable de classe et ne doit pas être défini sur des " "instances de cette classe. Utilisation ::" #: library/typing.rst:992 msgid ":data:`ClassVar` accepts only types and cannot be further subscribed." msgstr ":data:`ClassVar` n'accepte que les types et ne peut plus être dérivé." #: library/typing.rst:994 msgid "" ":data:`ClassVar` is not a class itself, and should not be used with :func:" "`isinstance` or :func:`issubclass`. :data:`ClassVar` does not change Python " "runtime behavior, but it can be used by third-party type checkers. For " "example, a type checker might flag the following code as an error::" msgstr "" ":data:`ClassVar` n'est pas une classe en soi, et ne devrait pas être " "utilisée avec :func:`isinstance` ou :func:`issubclass`. :data:`ClassVar` ne " "modifie pas le comportement d'exécution Python, mais il peut être utilisé " "par des vérificateurs tiers. Par exemple, un vérificateur de type peut " "marquer le code suivant comme une erreur ::" #: library/typing.rst:1008 msgid "" "A special typing construct to indicate to type checkers that a name cannot " "be re-assigned or overridden in a subclass. For example::" msgstr "" "Construction de type particulière pour indiquer aux vérificateurs de type " "qu'un nom ne peut pas être réassigné ou remplacé dans une sous-classe. Par " "exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:2578 msgid "" "There is no runtime checking of these properties. See :pep:`591` for more " "details." msgstr "" "Ces propriétés ne sont pas vérifiées à l'exécution. Voir la :pep:`591` pour " "plus de détails." #: library/typing.rst:1027 msgid "" "A type, introduced in :pep:`593` (``Flexible function and variable " "annotations``), to decorate existing types with context-specific metadata " "(possibly multiple pieces of it, as ``Annotated`` is variadic). " "Specifically, a type ``T`` can be annotated with metadata ``x`` via the " "typehint ``Annotated[T, x]``. This metadata can be used for either static " "analysis or at runtime. If a library (or tool) encounters a typehint " "``Annotated[T, x]`` and has no special logic for metadata ``x``, it should " "ignore it and simply treat the type as ``T``. Unlike the ``no_type_check`` " "functionality that currently exists in the ``typing`` module which " "completely disables typechecking annotations on a function or a class, the " "``Annotated`` type allows for both static typechecking of ``T`` (which can " "safely ignore ``x``) together with runtime access to ``x`` within a specific " "application." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1041 msgid "" "Ultimately, the responsibility of how to interpret the annotations (if at " "all) is the responsibility of the tool or library encountering the " "``Annotated`` type. A tool or library encountering an ``Annotated`` type can " "scan through the annotations to determine if they are of interest (e.g., " "using ``isinstance()``)." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1047 msgid "" "When a tool or a library does not support annotations or encounters an " "unknown annotation it should just ignore it and treat annotated type as the " "underlying type." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1051 msgid "" "It's up to the tool consuming the annotations to decide whether the client " "is allowed to have several annotations on one type and how to merge those " "annotations." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1055 msgid "" "Since the ``Annotated`` type allows you to put several annotations of the " "same (or different) type(s) on any node, the tools or libraries consuming " "those annotations are in charge of dealing with potential duplicates. For " "example, if you are doing value range analysis you might allow this::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1064 msgid "" "Passing ``include_extras=True`` to :func:`get_type_hints` lets one access " "the extra annotations at runtime." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1067 msgid "The details of the syntax:" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1069 msgid "The first argument to ``Annotated`` must be a valid type" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1071 msgid "" "Multiple type annotations are supported (``Annotated`` supports variadic " "arguments)::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1076 msgid "" "``Annotated`` must be called with at least two arguments " "( ``Annotated[int]`` is not valid)" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1079 msgid "" "The order of the annotations is preserved and matters for equality checks::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1086 msgid "" "Nested ``Annotated`` types are flattened, with metadata ordered starting " "with the innermost annotation::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1093 msgid "Duplicated annotations are not removed::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1099 msgid "``Annotated`` can be used with nested and generic aliases::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1112 msgid "" "Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined type " "guard function. ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument. At " "runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1116 msgid "" "``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static " "type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a " "program's code flow. Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing " "conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code. The " "conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a \"type guard\"::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1131 msgid "" "Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function as a " "type guard. Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its return " "type to alert static type checkers to this intention." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1135 msgid "" "Using ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given " "function:" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1138 msgid "The return value is a boolean." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1139 msgid "" "If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument is the type inside " "``TypeGuard``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1156 msgid "" "If ``is_str_list`` is a class or instance method, then the type in " "``TypeGuard`` maps to the type of the second parameter after ``cls`` or " "``self``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1160 msgid "" "In short, the form ``def foo(arg: TypeA) -> TypeGuard[TypeB]: ...``, means " "that if ``foo(arg)`` returns ``True``, then ``arg`` narrows from ``TypeA`` " "to ``TypeB``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1166 msgid "" "``TypeB`` need not be a narrower form of ``TypeA`` -- it can even be a wider " "form. The main reason is to allow for things like narrowing ``list[object]`` " "to ``list[str]`` even though the latter is not a subtype of the former, " "since ``list`` is invariant. The responsibility of writing type-safe type " "guards is left to the user." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1172 msgid "" "``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables. For more information, see :" "pep:`647` (User-Defined Type Guards)." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1179 #, fuzzy msgid "Building generic types" msgstr "Types génériques définis par l'utilisateur" #: library/typing.rst:1181 msgid "" "These are not used in annotations. They are building blocks for creating " "generic types." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1185 msgid "Abstract base class for generic types." msgstr "Classe de base abstraite pour les types génériques." #: library/typing.rst:1187 msgid "" "A generic type is typically declared by inheriting from an instantiation of " "this class with one or more type variables. For example, a generic mapping " "type might be defined as::" msgstr "" "Un type générique est généralement déclaré en héritant d'une instanciation " "de cette classe avec une ou plusieurs variables de type. Par exemple, un " "type de correspondance générique peut être défini comme suit ::" #: library/typing.rst:1196 msgid "This class can then be used as follows::" msgstr "Cette classe peut alors être utilisée comme suit ::" #: library/typing.rst:1209 msgid "Type variable." msgstr "Variables de type." #: library/typing.rst:1403 library/typing.rst:1580 msgid "Usage::" msgstr "Utilisation ::" #: library/typing.rst:1217 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Type variables exist primarily for the benefit of static type checkers. " "They serve as the parameters for generic types as well as for generic " "function definitions. See :class:`Generic` for more information on generic " "types. Generic functions work as follows::" msgstr "" "Les variables de type existent principalement dans l'intérêt des contrôleurs " "de type statiques. Elles servent de paramètres pour les types génériques " "ainsi que pour les définitions de fonctions génériques. Voir la classe " "``Generic`` pour plus d'informations sur les types génériques. Les fonctions " "génériques fonctionnent comme suit ::" #: library/typing.rst:1237 msgid "" "Note that type variables can be *bound*, *constrained*, or neither, but " "cannot be both bound *and* constrained." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1240 msgid "" "Bound type variables and constrained type variables have different semantics " "in several important ways. Using a *bound* type variable means that the " "``TypeVar`` will be solved using the most specific type possible::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1255 msgid "" "Type variables can be bound to concrete types, abstract types (ABCs or " "protocols), and even unions of types::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1261 msgid "" "Using a *constrained* type variable, however, means that the ``TypeVar`` can " "only ever be solved as being exactly one of the constraints given::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1272 msgid "" "At runtime, ``isinstance(x, T)`` will raise :exc:`TypeError`. In general, :" "func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass` should not be used with types." msgstr "" "Au moment de l'exécution, ``isinstance(x, T)`` va lever :exc:`TypeError`. En " "général, :func:`isinstance` et :func:`issubclass` ne devraient pas être " "utilisés avec les types." #: library/typing.rst:1275 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Type variables may be marked covariant or contravariant by passing " "``covariant=True`` or ``contravariant=True``. See :pep:`484` for more " "details. By default, type variables are invariant." msgstr "" "Les variables de type peuvent être marquées covariantes ou contravariantes " "en passant ``covariant=True`` ou ``contravariant=True``. Voir la :pep:`484` " "pour plus de détails. Par défaut, les variables de type sont invariantes. " "Sinon, une variable de type peut spécifier une limite supérieure en " "utilisant ``bound=``. Cela signifie qu'un type réel substitué " "(explicitement ou implicitement) à la variable type doit être une sous-" "classe du type frontière (*boundary* en anglais), voir la :pep:`484`." #: library/typing.rst:1281 msgid "" "Type variable tuple. A specialized form of :class:`type variable ` " "that enables *variadic* generics." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1284 msgid "" "A normal type variable enables parameterization with a single type. A type " "variable tuple, in contrast, allows parameterization with an *arbitrary* " "number of types by acting like an *arbitrary* number of type variables " "wrapped in a tuple. For example::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1307 msgid "" "Note the use of the unpacking operator ``*`` in ``tuple[T, *Ts]``. " "Conceptually, you can think of ``Ts`` as a tuple of type variables ``(T1, " "T2, ...)``. ``tuple[T, *Ts]`` would then become ``tuple[T, *(T1, " "T2, ...)]``, which is equivalent to ``tuple[T, T1, T2, ...]``. (Note that in " "older versions of Python, you might see this written using :data:`Unpack " "` instead, as ``Unpack[Ts]``.)" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1315 msgid "" "Type variable tuples must *always* be unpacked. This helps distinguish type " "variable types from normal type variables::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1322 msgid "" "Type variable tuples can be used in the same contexts as normal type " "variables. For example, in class definitions, arguments, and return types::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1331 msgid "" "Type variable tuples can be happily combined with normal type variables::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1344 msgid "" "However, note that at most one type variable tuple may appear in a single " "list of type arguments or type parameters::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1351 msgid "" "Finally, an unpacked type variable tuple can be used as the type annotation " "of ``*args``::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1361 msgid "" "In contrast to non-unpacked annotations of ``*args`` - e.g. ``*args: int``, " "which would specify that *all* arguments are ``int`` - ``*args: *Ts`` " "enables reference to the types of the *individual* arguments in ``*args``. " "Here, this allows us to ensure the types of the ``*args`` passed to " "``call_soon`` match the types of the (positional) arguments of ``callback``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1368 msgid "For more details on type variable tuples, see :pep:`646`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1374 msgid "" "A typing operator that conceptually marks an object as having been unpacked. " "For example, using the unpack operator ``*`` on a :class:`type variable " "tuple ` is equivalent to using ``Unpack`` to mark the type " "variable tuple as having been unpacked::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1384 msgid "" "In fact, ``Unpack`` can be used interchangeably with ``*`` in the context of " "types. You might see ``Unpack`` being used explicitly in older versions of " "Python, where ``*`` couldn't be used in certain places::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1400 msgid "" "Parameter specification variable. A specialized version of :class:`type " "variables `." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1407 msgid "" "Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of static " "type checkers. They are used to forward the parameter types of one callable " "to another callable -- a pattern commonly found in higher order functions " "and decorators. They are only valid when used in ``Concatenate``, or as the " "first argument to ``Callable``, or as parameters for user-defined Generics. " "See :class:`Generic` for more information on generic types." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1414 msgid "" "For example, to add basic logging to a function, one can create a decorator " "``add_logging`` to log function calls. The parameter specification variable " "tells the type checker that the callable passed into the decorator and the " "new callable returned by it have inter-dependent type parameters::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1438 msgid "" "Without ``ParamSpec``, the simplest way to annotate this previously was to " "use a :class:`TypeVar` with bound ``Callable[..., Any]``. However this " "causes two problems:" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1442 msgid "" "The type checker can't type check the ``inner`` function because ``*args`` " "and ``**kwargs`` have to be typed :data:`Any`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1444 msgid "" ":func:`~cast` may be required in the body of the ``add_logging`` decorator " "when returning the ``inner`` function, or the static type checker must be " "told to ignore the ``return inner``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1451 msgid "" "Since ``ParamSpec`` captures both positional and keyword parameters, ``P." "args`` and ``P.kwargs`` can be used to split a ``ParamSpec`` into its " "components. ``P.args`` represents the tuple of positional parameters in a " "given call and should only be used to annotate ``*args``. ``P.kwargs`` " "represents the mapping of keyword parameters to their values in a given " "call, and should be only be used to annotate ``**kwargs``. Both attributes " "require the annotated parameter to be in scope. At runtime, ``P.args`` and " "``P.kwargs`` are instances respectively of :class:`ParamSpecArgs` and :class:" "`ParamSpecKwargs`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1461 msgid "" "Parameter specification variables created with ``covariant=True`` or " "``contravariant=True`` can be used to declare covariant or contravariant " "generic types. The ``bound`` argument is also accepted, similar to :class:" "`TypeVar`. However the actual semantics of these keywords are yet to be " "decided." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1470 msgid "" "Only parameter specification variables defined in global scope can be " "pickled." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1476 msgid ":class:`Callable` and :class:`Concatenate`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1481 msgid "" "Arguments and keyword arguments attributes of a :class:`ParamSpec`. The ``P." "args`` attribute of a ``ParamSpec`` is an instance of ``ParamSpecArgs``, and " "``P.kwargs`` is an instance of ``ParamSpecKwargs``. They are intended for " "runtime introspection and have no special meaning to static type checkers." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1486 msgid "" "Calling :func:`get_origin` on either of these objects will return the " "original ``ParamSpec``::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1498 #, fuzzy msgid "" "``AnyStr`` is a :class:`constrained type variable ` defined as " "``AnyStr = TypeVar('AnyStr', str, bytes)``." msgstr "" "``AnyStr`` est une variable de type définie comme ``AnyStr = " "TypeVar('AnyStr', str, bytes)``." #: library/typing.rst:1501 msgid "" "It is meant to be used for functions that may accept any kind of string " "without allowing different kinds of strings to mix. For example::" msgstr "" "Cela est destiné à être utilisé pour des fonctions qui peuvent accepter " "n'importe quel type de chaîne de caractères sans permettre à différents " "types de chaînes de caractères de se mélanger. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:1513 msgid "" "Base class for protocol classes. Protocol classes are defined like this::" msgstr "" "Classe de base pour les classes de protocole. Les classes de protocole sont " "définies comme suit ::" #: library/typing.rst:1519 msgid "" "Such classes are primarily used with static type checkers that recognize " "structural subtyping (static duck-typing), for example::" msgstr "" "Ces classes sont principalement utilisées avec les vérificateurs statiques " "de type qui reconnaissent les sous-types structurels (typage canard " "statique), par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:1531 msgid "" "See :pep:`544` for details. Protocol classes decorated with :func:" "`runtime_checkable` (described later) act as simple-minded runtime protocols " "that check only the presence of given attributes, ignoring their type " "signatures." msgstr "" "Voir la :pep:`544` pour plus de détails. Les classes de protocole décorées " "avec :func:`runtime_checkable` (décrite plus loin) agissent comme des " "protocoles d'exécution simples qui ne vérifient que la présence d'attributs " "donnés, ignorant leurs signatures de type." #: library/typing.rst:1536 msgid "Protocol classes can be generic, for example::" msgstr "Les classes de protocole peuvent être génériques, par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:1546 msgid "Mark a protocol class as a runtime protocol." msgstr "Marquez une classe de protocole comme protocole d'exécution." #: library/typing.rst:1548 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Such a protocol can be used with :func:`isinstance` and :func:`issubclass`. " "This raises :exc:`TypeError` when applied to a non-protocol class. This " "allows a simple-minded structural check, very similar to \"one trick " "ponies\" in :mod:`collections.abc` such as :class:`~collections.abc." "Iterable`. For example::" msgstr "" "Un tel protocole peut être utilisé avec :func:`isinstance` et :func:" "`issubclass`. Cela lève :exc:`TypeError` lorsqu'il est appliqué à une classe " "non protocole. Cela permet un contrôle structurel compréhensible, très " "similaire aux « classes qui ne savent faire qu'une chose » présentes dans :" "mod:`collections.abc` tel que :class:`Iterable`. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:1561 msgid "" ":func:`runtime_checkable` will check only the presence of the required " "methods, not their type signatures. For example, :class:`ssl.SSLObject` is a " "class, therefore it passes an :func:`issubclass` check against :data:" "`Callable`. However, the :meth:`ssl.SSLObject.__init__` method exists only " "to raise a :exc:`TypeError` with a more informative message, therefore " "making it impossible to call (instantiate) :class:`ssl.SSLObject`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1572 msgid "Other special directives" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1574 msgid "" "These are not used in annotations. They are building blocks for declaring " "types." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1578 msgid "Typed version of :func:`collections.namedtuple`." msgstr "Version typée de :func:`collections.namedtuple`." #: library/typing.rst:1586 msgid "This is equivalent to::" msgstr "Ce qui est équivalent à ::" #: library/typing.rst:1590 msgid "" "To give a field a default value, you can assign to it in the class body::" msgstr "" "Pour assigner une valeur par défaut à un champ, vous pouvez lui donner dans " "le corps de classe ::" #: library/typing.rst:1599 msgid "" "Fields with a default value must come after any fields without a default." msgstr "" "Les champs avec une valeur par défaut doivent venir après tous les champs " "sans valeur par défaut." #: library/typing.rst:1601 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The resulting class has an extra attribute ``__annotations__`` giving a dict " "that maps the field names to the field types. (The field names are in the " "``_fields`` attribute and the default values are in the ``_field_defaults`` " "attribute, both of which are part of the :func:`~collections.namedtuple` " "API.)" msgstr "" "La classe résultante a un attribut supplémentaire ``__annotations__`` " "donnant un dictionnaire qui associe les noms des champs aux types de champs. " "(Les noms des champs sont dans l'attribut ``_fields`` et les valeurs par " "défaut sont dans l'attribut ``_field_defaults`` qui font partie de l'API " "*namedtuple*.)" #: library/typing.rst:1607 msgid "``NamedTuple`` subclasses can also have docstrings and methods::" msgstr "" "Les sous-classes de ``NamedTuple`` peuvent aussi avoir des *docstrings* et " "des méthodes ::" #: library/typing.rst:1617 #, fuzzy msgid "``NamedTuple`` subclasses can be generic::" msgstr "" "Les sous-classes de ``NamedTuple`` peuvent aussi avoir des *docstrings* et " "des méthodes ::" #: library/typing.rst:1623 msgid "Backward-compatible usage::" msgstr "Utilisation rétrocompatible ::" #: library/typing.rst:1627 msgid "Added support for :pep:`526` variable annotation syntax." msgstr "" "Ajout de la gestion de la syntaxe d'annotation variable de la :pep:`526`." #: library/typing.rst:1630 msgid "Added support for default values, methods, and docstrings." msgstr "" "Ajout de la prise en charge des valeurs par défaut, des méthodes et des " "chaînes de caractères *docstrings*." #: library/typing.rst:1633 msgid "" "The ``_field_types`` and ``__annotations__`` attributes are now regular " "dictionaries instead of instances of ``OrderedDict``." msgstr "" "Les attributs ``_field_types`` et ``__annotations__`` sont maintenant des " "dictionnaires standards au lieu d'instances de ``OrderedDict``." #: library/typing.rst:1637 msgid "" "Removed the ``_field_types`` attribute in favor of the more standard " "``__annotations__`` attribute which has the same information." msgstr "" "rend l'attribut ``_field_types`` obsolète en faveur de l'attribut plus " "standard ``__annotations__`` qui a la même information." #: library/typing.rst:1641 msgid "Added support for generic namedtuples." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1646 #, fuzzy msgid "" "A helper class to indicate a distinct type to a typechecker, see :ref:" "`distinct`. At runtime it returns an object that returns its argument when " "called. Usage::" msgstr "" "Une fonction pour faciliter l'indication d'un type distinct à un " "vérificateur de type, voir :ref:`distinct`. Lors de l'exécution, elle " "renvoie une fonction qui renvoie son argument. Utilisation ::" #: library/typing.rst:1656 msgid "``NewType`` is now a class rather than a function." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1661 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Special construct to add type hints to a dictionary. At runtime it is a " "plain :class:`dict`." msgstr "" "Un simple espace de nommage typé. À l'exécution, c'est l'équivalent d'un " "simple :class:`dict`." #: library/typing.rst:1664 #, fuzzy msgid "" "``TypedDict`` declares a dictionary type that expects all of its instances " "to have a certain set of keys, where each key is associated with a value of " "a consistent type. This expectation is not checked at runtime but is only " "enforced by type checkers. Usage::" msgstr "" "``TypedDict`` crée un type de dictionnaire qui s'attend à ce que toutes ses " "instances aient un certain jeu de clés, où chaque clé est associée à une " "valeur d'un type cohérent. Cette vérification n'est pas faite au moment de " "l'exécution mais n'est appliquée que par les vérificateurs de type. " "Utilisation ::" #: library/typing.rst:1680 #, fuzzy msgid "" "To allow using this feature with older versions of Python that do not " "support :pep:`526`, ``TypedDict`` supports two additional equivalent " "syntactic forms:" msgstr "" "Les informations de type pour l'introspection sont accessibles via ``Point2D." "__annotations__`` et ``Point2D.__total__``. Pour permettre l'utilisation de " "cette fonctionnalité avec les anciennes versions de Python qui ne prennent " "pas en compte la :pep:`526`, ``TypedDict`` gère deux formes syntaxiques " "équivalentes supplémentaires ::" #: library/typing.rst:1684 msgid "Using a literal :class:`dict` as the second argument::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1688 msgid "Using keyword arguments::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1695 msgid "" "The keyword-argument syntax is deprecated in 3.11 and will be removed in " "3.13. It may also be unsupported by static type checkers." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1696 msgid "" "The functional syntax should also be used when any of the keys are not " "valid :ref:`identifiers `, for example because they are " "keywords or contain hyphens. Example::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1708 msgid "" "By default, all keys must be present in a ``TypedDict``. It is possible to " "override this by specifying totality. Usage::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1719 msgid "" "This means that a ``Point2D`` ``TypedDict`` can have any of the keys " "omitted. A type checker is only expected to support a literal ``False`` or " "``True`` as the value of the ``total`` argument. ``True`` is the default, " "and makes all items defined in the class body required." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1724 msgid "" "It is possible for a ``TypedDict`` type to inherit from one or more other " "``TypedDict`` types using the class-based syntax. Usage::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1731 msgid "" "``Point3D`` has three items: ``x``, ``y`` and ``z``. It is equivalent to " "this definition::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1739 msgid "" "A ``TypedDict`` cannot inherit from a non-\\ ``TypedDict`` class, except " "for :class:`Generic`. For example::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1757 msgid "A ``TypedDict`` can be generic::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1763 msgid "" "A ``TypedDict`` can be introspected via annotations dicts (see :ref:" "`annotations-howto` for more information on annotations best practices), :" "attr:`__total__`, :attr:`__required_keys__`, and :attr:`__optional_keys__`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1769 msgid "" "``Point2D.__total__`` gives the value of the ``total`` argument. Example::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1786 msgid "" "``Point2D.__required_keys__`` and ``Point2D.__optional_keys__`` return :" "class:`frozenset` objects containing required and non-required keys, " "respectively. Currently the only way to declare both required and non-" "required keys in the same ``TypedDict`` is mixed inheritance, declaring a " "``TypedDict`` with one value for the ``total`` argument and then inheriting " "it from another ``TypedDict`` with a different value for ``total``. Usage::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1806 #, fuzzy msgid "" "See :pep:`589` for more examples and detailed rules of using ``TypedDict``." msgstr "" "Voir la :pep:`589` pour plus d'exemples et de règles détaillées " "d'utilisation de ``TypedDict`` avec les vérificateurs de type." #: library/typing.rst:1810 msgid "Added support for generic ``TypedDict``\\ s." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1814 msgid "Generic concrete collections" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1817 msgid "Corresponding to built-in types" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1821 msgid "" "A generic version of :class:`dict`. Useful for annotating return types. To " "annotate arguments it is preferred to use an abstract collection type such " "as :class:`Mapping`." msgstr "" "Une version générique de :class:`dict`. Utile pour annoter les types de " "retour. Pour annoter les arguments, il est préférable d'utiliser un type de " "collection abstraite tel que :class:`Mapping`." #: library/typing.rst:1825 msgid "This type can be used as follows::" msgstr "Ce type peut être utilisé comme suit ::" #: library/typing.rst:1830 msgid "" ":class:`builtins.dict ` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`builtins.dict ` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1836 msgid "" "Generic version of :class:`list`. Useful for annotating return types. To " "annotate arguments it is preferred to use an abstract collection type such " "as :class:`Sequence` or :class:`Iterable`." msgstr "" "Version générique de :class:`list`. Utile pour annoter les types de retour. " "Pour annoter les arguments, il est préférable d'utiliser un type de " "collection abstraite tel que :class:`Sequence` ou :class:`Iterable`." #: library/typing.rst:1841 msgid "This type may be used as follows::" msgstr "Ce type peut être utilisé comme suit ::" #: library/typing.rst:1851 msgid "" ":class:`builtins.list ` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`builtins.list ` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1857 msgid "" "A generic version of :class:`builtins.set `. Useful for annotating " "return types. To annotate arguments it is preferred to use an abstract " "collection type such as :class:`AbstractSet`." msgstr "" "Une version générique de :class:`builtins.set `. Utile pour annoter les " "types de retour. Pour annoter les arguments, il est préférable d'utiliser un " "type de collection abstraite tel que :class:`AbstractSet`." #: library/typing.rst:1861 msgid "" ":class:`builtins.set ` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`builtins.set ` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1867 msgid "A generic version of :class:`builtins.frozenset `." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`builtins.frozenset `." #: library/typing.rst:1869 msgid "" ":class:`builtins.frozenset ` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` " "and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`builtins.frozenset ` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. " "Voir :pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1873 msgid ":data:`Tuple` is a special form." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1876 msgid "Corresponding to types in :mod:`collections`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1880 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.defaultdict`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.defaultdict`." #: library/typing.rst:1884 msgid "" ":class:`collections.defaultdict` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.defaultdict` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1890 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.OrderedDict`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.OrderedDict`." #: library/typing.rst:1894 msgid "" ":class:`collections.OrderedDict` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.OrderedDict` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1900 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.ChainMap`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.ChainMap`." #: library/typing.rst:1905 msgid "" ":class:`collections.ChainMap` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.ChainMap` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1911 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.Counter`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.Counter`." #: library/typing.rst:1916 msgid "" ":class:`collections.Counter` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.Counter` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1922 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.deque`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.deque`." #: library/typing.rst:1927 msgid "" ":class:`collections.deque` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.deque` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:`585` " "et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:1932 msgid "Other concrete types" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1938 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Generic type ``IO[AnyStr]`` and its subclasses ``TextIO(IO[str])`` and " "``BinaryIO(IO[bytes])`` represent the types of I/O streams such as returned " "by :func:`open`." msgstr "" "Le type générique ``IO[AnyStr]`` et ses sous-classes ``TextIO(IO[str])`` et " "``BinaryIO(IO[bytes])`` représentent les types de flux d'entrées-sorties " "tels que renvoyés par :func:`open`." #: library/typing.rst:1945 msgid "" "The ``typing.io`` namespace is deprecated and will be removed. These types " "should be directly imported from ``typing`` instead." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1950 #, fuzzy msgid "" "These type aliases correspond to the return types from :func:`re.compile` " "and :func:`re.match`. These types (and the corresponding functions) are " "generic in ``AnyStr`` and can be made specific by writing ``Pattern[str]``, " "``Pattern[bytes]``, ``Match[str]``, or ``Match[bytes]``." msgstr "" "Ces alias de type correspondent aux types de retour de :func:`re.compile` " "et :func:`re.match`. Ces types (et les fonctions correspondantes) sont " "génériques dans ``AnyStr`` et peuvent être rendus spécifiques en écrivant " "``Pattern[str]``, ``Pattern[bytes]``, ``Match[str]`` ou ``Match[bytes]``." #: library/typing.rst:1960 msgid "" "The ``typing.re`` namespace is deprecated and will be removed. These types " "should be directly imported from ``typing`` instead." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1961 msgid "" "Classes ``Pattern`` and ``Match`` from :mod:`re` now support ``[]``. See :" "pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1967 msgid "" "``Text`` is an alias for ``str``. It is provided to supply a forward " "compatible path for Python 2 code: in Python 2, ``Text`` is an alias for " "``unicode``." msgstr "" "``Text`` est un alias pour ``str``. Il est fourni pour obtenir une " "compatibilité ascendante du code Python 2 : en Python 2, ``Text`` est un " "alias pour ``unicode``." #: library/typing.rst:1971 msgid "" "Use ``Text`` to indicate that a value must contain a unicode string in a " "manner that is compatible with both Python 2 and Python 3::" msgstr "" "Utilisez ``Text`` pour indiquer qu'une valeur doit contenir une chaîne " "Unicode d'une manière compatible avec Python 2 et Python 3 ::" #: library/typing.rst:1979 msgid "" "Python 2 is no longer supported, and most type checkers also no longer " "support type checking Python 2 code. Removal of the alias is not currently " "planned, but users are encouraged to use :class:`str` instead of ``Text`` " "wherever possible." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1986 #, fuzzy msgid "Abstract Base Classes" msgstr "Classe de base abstraite pour les types génériques." #: library/typing.rst:1989 msgid "Corresponding to collections in :mod:`collections.abc`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:1993 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Set`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Set`." #: library/typing.rst:1995 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Set` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :ref:" "`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Set` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2001 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.ByteString`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.ByteString`." #: library/typing.rst:2003 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This type represents the types :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, and :" "class:`memoryview` of byte sequences." msgstr "" "Ce type représente les types :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray` et :class:" "`memoryview`." #: library/typing.rst:2006 msgid "" "As a shorthand for this type, :class:`bytes` can be used to annotate " "arguments of any of the types mentioned above." msgstr "" "Comme abréviation pour ce type, :class:`bytes` peut être utilisé pour " "annoter des arguments de n'importe quel type mentionné ci-dessus." #: library/typing.rst:2009 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.ByteString` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.ByteString` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2015 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Collection`" msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Collection`" #: library/typing.rst:2019 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Collection` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Collection` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2025 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Container`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Container`." #: library/typing.rst:2027 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Container` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Container` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2033 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.ItemsView`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.ItemsView`." #: library/typing.rst:2035 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.ItemsView` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.ItemsView` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2041 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.KeysView`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.KeysView`." #: library/typing.rst:2043 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.KeysView` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.KeysView` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2049 msgid "" "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`. This type can be used " "as follows::" msgstr "" "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Mapping`. Ce type peut être " "utilisé comme suit ::" #: library/typing.rst:2055 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Mapping` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Mapping` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :pep:" "`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2061 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.MappingView`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.MappingView`." #: library/typing.rst:2063 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.MappingView` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` " "and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.MappingView` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2069 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping`." #: library/typing.rst:2071 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` " "and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. " "Voir :pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2077 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence`." #: library/typing.rst:2079 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` " "and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. " "Voir :pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2085 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.MutableSet`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.MutableSet`." #: library/typing.rst:2087 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSet` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.MutableSet` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2093 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Sequence`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Sequence`." #: library/typing.rst:2095 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Sequence` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Sequence` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2101 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.ValuesView`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.ValuesView`." #: library/typing.rst:2103 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.ValuesView` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.ValuesView` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2108 msgid "Corresponding to other types in :mod:`collections.abc`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2112 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Iterable`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Iterable`." #: library/typing.rst:2114 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Iterable` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Iterable` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2120 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Iterator`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Iterator`." #: library/typing.rst:2122 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Iterator` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Iterator` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2128 msgid "" "A generator can be annotated by the generic type ``Generator[YieldType, " "SendType, ReturnType]``. For example::" msgstr "" "Un générateur peut être annoté par le type générique ``Generator[YieldType, " "SendType, ReturnType]``. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:2137 msgid "" "Note that unlike many other generics in the typing module, the ``SendType`` " "of :class:`Generator` behaves contravariantly, not covariantly or " "invariantly." msgstr "" "Notez que contrairement à beaucoup d'autres génériques dans le module " "*typing*, le ``SendType`` de :class:`Generator` se comporte de manière " "contravariante, pas de manière covariante ou invariante." #: library/typing.rst:2141 msgid "" "If your generator will only yield values, set the ``SendType`` and " "``ReturnType`` to ``None``::" msgstr "" "Si votre générateur ne donne que des valeurs, réglez les paramètres " "``SendType`` et ``ReturnType`` sur ``None`` ::" #: library/typing.rst:2149 msgid "" "Alternatively, annotate your generator as having a return type of either " "``Iterable[YieldType]`` or ``Iterator[YieldType]``::" msgstr "" "Alternativement, annotez votre générateur comme ayant un type de retour soit " "``Iterable[YieldType]`` ou ``Iterator[YieldType]`` ::" #: library/typing.rst:2157 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Generator` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Generator` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2163 #, fuzzy msgid "An alias to :class:`collections.abc.Hashable`." msgstr "Un alias pour :class:`collections.abc.Hashable`" #: library/typing.rst:2167 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Reversible`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Reversible`." #: library/typing.rst:2169 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Reversible` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Reversible` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2175 #, fuzzy msgid "An alias to :class:`collections.abc.Sized`." msgstr "Un alias pour :class:`collections.abc.Sized`" #: library/typing.rst:2178 msgid "Asynchronous programming" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2182 msgid "" "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Coroutine`. The variance and " "order of type variables correspond to those of :class:`Generator`, for " "example::" msgstr "" "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Coroutine`. La variance et " "l'ordre des variables de type correspondent à ceux de la classe :class:" "`Generator`, par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:2194 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Coroutine` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Coroutine` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2200 msgid "" "An async generator can be annotated by the generic type " "``AsyncGenerator[YieldType, SendType]``. For example::" msgstr "" "Un générateur asynchrone peut être annoté par le type générique " "``AsyncGenerator[YieldType, SendType]``. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:2209 msgid "" "Unlike normal generators, async generators cannot return a value, so there " "is no ``ReturnType`` type parameter. As with :class:`Generator`, the " "``SendType`` behaves contravariantly." msgstr "" "Contrairement aux générateurs normaux, les générateurs asynchrones ne " "peuvent pas renvoyer une valeur, il n'y a donc pas de paramètre de type " "``ReturnType``. Comme avec :class:`Generator`, le ``SendType`` se comporte " "de manière contravariante." #: library/typing.rst:2213 msgid "" "If your generator will only yield values, set the ``SendType`` to ``None``::" msgstr "" "Si votre générateur ne donne que des valeurs, réglez le paramètre " "``SendType`` sur ``None`` ::" #: library/typing.rst:2221 msgid "" "Alternatively, annotate your generator as having a return type of either " "``AsyncIterable[YieldType]`` or ``AsyncIterator[YieldType]``::" msgstr "" "Alternativement, annotez votre générateur comme ayant un type de retour soit " "``AsyncIterable[YieldType]`` ou ``AsyncIterator[YieldType]`` ::" #: library/typing.rst:2231 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` " "and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncGenerator` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. " "Voir :pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2237 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable`." #: library/typing.rst:2241 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` " "and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterable` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. " "Voir :pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2247 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator`." #: library/typing.rst:2251 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` " "and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.AsyncIterator` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. " "Voir :pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2257 msgid "A generic version of :class:`collections.abc.Awaitable`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`collections.abc.Awaitable`." #: library/typing.rst:2261 msgid "" ":class:`collections.abc.Awaitable` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:`585` and :" "ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`collections.abc.Awaitable` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. Voir :" "pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2267 msgid "Context manager types" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2271 msgid "A generic version of :class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager`." msgstr "Une version générique de :class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager`." #: library/typing.rst:2276 msgid "" ":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager` now supports ``[]``. See :pep:" "`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`contextlib.AbstractContextManager` prend désormais en charge ``[]``. " "Voir :pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2282 msgid "A generic version of :class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager`." msgstr "" "Une version générique de :class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager`." #: library/typing.rst:2287 msgid "" ":class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager` now supports ``[]``. See :" "pep:`585` and :ref:`types-genericalias`." msgstr "" ":class:`contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager` prend désormais en charge " "``[]``. Voir :pep:`585` et :ref:`types-genericalias`." #: library/typing.rst:2292 msgid "Protocols" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2294 msgid "These protocols are decorated with :func:`runtime_checkable`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2298 msgid "" "An ABC with one abstract method ``__abs__`` that is covariant in its return " "type." msgstr "" "Une ABC avec une méthode abstraite ``__abs__`` qui est covariante dans son " "type de retour." #: library/typing.rst:2303 msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__bytes__``." msgstr "Une ABC avec une méthode abstraite ``__bytes__``." #: library/typing.rst:2307 msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__complex__``." msgstr "Une ABC avec une méthode abstraite ``__complex__``." #: library/typing.rst:2311 msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__float__``." msgstr "Une ABC avec une méthode abstraite ``__float__``." #: library/typing.rst:2315 msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__index__``." msgstr "Une ABC avec une méthode abstraite ``__index__``." #: library/typing.rst:2321 msgid "An ABC with one abstract method ``__int__``." msgstr "Une ABC avec une méthode abstraite ``__int__``." #: library/typing.rst:2325 msgid "" "An ABC with one abstract method ``__round__`` that is covariant in its " "return type." msgstr "" "Une ABC avec une méthode abstraite ``__round__`` qui est covariante dans son " "type de retour." #: library/typing.rst:2329 #, fuzzy msgid "Functions and decorators" msgstr "Classes, fonctions et décorateurs" #: library/typing.rst:2333 msgid "Cast a value to a type." msgstr "Convertit une valeur en un type." #: library/typing.rst:2335 msgid "" "This returns the value unchanged. To the type checker this signals that the " "return value has the designated type, but at runtime we intentionally don't " "check anything (we want this to be as fast as possible)." msgstr "" "Ceci renvoie la valeur inchangée. Pour le vérificateur de type, cela " "signifie que la valeur de retour a le type désigné mais, à l'exécution, " "intentionnellement, rien n'est vérifié (afin que cela soit aussi rapide que " "possible)." #: library/typing.rst:2342 msgid "" "Ask a static type checker to confirm that *val* has an inferred type of " "*typ*." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2344 msgid "" "When the type checker encounters a call to ``assert_type()``, it emits an " "error if the value is not of the specified type::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2351 msgid "" "At runtime this returns the first argument unchanged with no side effects." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2353 msgid "" "This function is useful for ensuring the type checker's understanding of a " "script is in line with the developer's intentions::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2367 msgid "" "Ask a static type checker to confirm that a line of code is unreachable." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2380 msgid "" "Here, the annotations allow the type checker to infer that the last case can " "never execute, because ``arg`` is either an :class:`int` or a :class:`str`, " "and both options are covered by earlier cases. If a type checker finds that " "a call to ``assert_never()`` is reachable, it will emit an error. For " "example, if the type annotation for ``arg`` was instead ``int | str | " "float``, the type checker would emit an error pointing out that " "``unreachable`` is of type :class:`float`. For a call to ``assert_never`` to " "pass type checking, the inferred type of the argument passed in must be the " "bottom type, :data:`Never`, and nothing else." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2392 msgid "At runtime, this throws an exception when called." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2395 msgid "" "`Unreachable Code and Exhaustiveness Checking `__ has more information about " "exhaustiveness checking with static typing." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2403 msgid "Reveal the inferred static type of an expression." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2405 msgid "" "When a static type checker encounters a call to this function, it emits a " "diagnostic with the type of the argument. For example::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2411 msgid "" "This can be useful when you want to debug how your type checker handles a " "particular piece of code." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2414 msgid "" "The function returns its argument unchanged, which allows using it within an " "expression::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2419 msgid "" "Most type checkers support ``reveal_type()`` anywhere, even if the name is " "not imported from ``typing``. Importing the name from ``typing`` allows your " "code to run without runtime errors and communicates intent more clearly." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2424 msgid "" "At runtime, this function prints the runtime type of its argument to stderr " "and returns it unchanged::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2434 msgid "" ":data:`~typing.dataclass_transform` may be used to decorate a class, " "metaclass, or a function that is itself a decorator. The presence of " "``@dataclass_transform()`` tells a static type checker that the decorated " "object performs runtime \"magic\" that transforms a class, giving it :func:" "`dataclasses.dataclass`-like behaviors." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2440 msgid "Example usage with a decorator function::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2454 msgid "On a base class::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2463 msgid "On a metaclass::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2474 msgid "" "The ``CustomerModel`` classes defined above will be treated by type checkers " "similarly to classes created with :func:`@dataclasses.dataclass `. For example, type checkers will assume these classes have " "``__init__`` methods that accept ``id`` and ``name``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2480 msgid "The arguments to this decorator can be used to customize this behavior:" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2482 msgid "" "``eq_default`` indicates whether the ``eq`` parameter is assumed to be " "``True`` or ``False`` if it is omitted by the caller." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2484 msgid "" "``order_default`` indicates whether the ``order`` parameter is assumed to be " "True or False if it is omitted by the caller." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2486 msgid "" "``kw_only_default`` indicates whether the ``kw_only`` parameter is assumed " "to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2488 msgid "" "``field_specifiers`` specifies a static list of supported classes or " "functions that describe fields, similar to ``dataclasses.field()``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2490 msgid "" "Arbitrary other keyword arguments are accepted in order to allow for " "possible future extensions." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2493 msgid "" "At runtime, this decorator records its arguments in the " "``__dataclass_transform__`` attribute on the decorated object. It has no " "other runtime effect." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2497 #, fuzzy msgid "See :pep:`681` for more details." msgstr "Voir la :pep:`484` pour plus de détails." #: library/typing.rst:2503 msgid "" "The ``@overload`` decorator allows describing functions and methods that " "support multiple different combinations of argument types. A series of " "``@overload``-decorated definitions must be followed by exactly one non-" "``@overload``-decorated definition (for the same function/method). The " "``@overload``-decorated definitions are for the benefit of the type checker " "only, since they will be overwritten by the non-``@overload``-decorated " "definition, while the latter is used at runtime but should be ignored by a " "type checker. At runtime, calling a ``@overload``-decorated function " "directly will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError`. An example of overload that " "gives a more precise type than can be expressed using a union or a type " "variable::" msgstr "" "Le décorateur ``@overload`` permet de décrire des fonctions et des méthodes " "qui acceptent plusieurs combinaisons différentes de types d'arguments. Une " "série de définitions décorées avec ``overload`` doit être suivie d'une seule " "définition non décorée de ``overload`` (pour la même fonction/méthode). Les " "définitions décorées de ``@overload`` ne sont destinées qu'au vérificateur " "de type, puisqu'elles sont écrasées par la définition non décorée de " "``@overload`` ; cette dernière, en revanche, est utilisée à l'exécution mais " "qu'il convient que le vérificateur de type l'ignore. Lors de l'exécution, " "l'appel direct d'une fonction décorée avec ``@overload`` lèvera :exc:" "`NotImplementedError`. Un exemple de surcharge qui donne un type plus précis " "que celui qui peut être exprimé à l'aide d'une variable union ou type ::" #: library/typing.rst:2527 msgid "See :pep:`484` for details and comparison with other typing semantics." msgstr "" "Voir la :pep:`484` pour plus de détails et la comparaison avec d'autres " "sémantiques de typage." #: library/typing.rst:2529 msgid "" "Overloaded functions can now be introspected at runtime using :func:" "`get_overloads`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2536 msgid "" "Return a sequence of :func:`@overload `-decorated definitions for " "*func*. *func* is the function object for the implementation of the " "overloaded function. For example, given the definition of ``process`` in the " "documentation for :func:`@overload `, ``get_overloads(process)`` " "will return a sequence of three function objects for the three defined " "overloads. If called on a function with no overloads, ``get_overloads()`` " "returns an empty sequence." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2544 msgid "" "``get_overloads()`` can be used for introspecting an overloaded function at " "runtime." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2552 msgid "" "Clear all registered overloads in the internal registry. This can be used to " "reclaim the memory used by the registry." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2560 msgid "" "A decorator to indicate to type checkers that the decorated method cannot be " "overridden, and the decorated class cannot be subclassed. For example::" msgstr "" "Un décorateur pour indiquer aux vérificateurs de types que la méthode " "décorée ne peut pas être remplacée et que la classe décorée ne peut pas être " "sous-classée. Par exemple ::" #: library/typing.rst:2583 msgid "" "The decorator will now set the ``__final__`` attribute to ``True`` on the " "decorated object. Thus, a check like ``if getattr(obj, \"__final__\", " "False)`` can be used at runtime to determine whether an object ``obj`` has " "been marked as final. If the decorated object does not support setting " "attributes, the decorator returns the object unchanged without raising an " "exception." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2594 msgid "Decorator to indicate that annotations are not type hints." msgstr "" "Décorateur pour indiquer que les annotations ne sont pas des indications de " "type." #: library/typing.rst:2596 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This works as class or function :term:`decorator`. With a class, it applies " "recursively to all methods and classes defined in that class (but not to " "methods defined in its superclasses or subclasses)." msgstr "" "Cela fonctionne en tant que classe ou fonction :term:`décoratrice " "`. Avec une classe, elle s'applique récursivement à toutes les " "méthodes définies dans cette classe (mais pas aux méthodes définies dans ses " "superclasses ou sous-classes)." #: library/typing.rst:2600 msgid "This mutates the function(s) in place." msgstr "Cela fait muter la ou les fonctions en place." #: library/typing.rst:2604 msgid "Decorator to give another decorator the :func:`no_type_check` effect." msgstr "" "Décorateur pour donner à un autre décorateur l'effet :func:`no_type_check`." #: library/typing.rst:2606 msgid "" "This wraps the decorator with something that wraps the decorated function " "in :func:`no_type_check`." msgstr "" "Ceci enveloppe le décorateur avec quelque chose qui enveloppe la fonction " "décorée dans :func:`no_type_check`." #: library/typing.rst:2611 msgid "Decorator to mark a class or function to be unavailable at runtime." msgstr "" "Décorateur pour marquer une classe ou une fonction comme étant indisponible " "au moment de l'exécution." #: library/typing.rst:2613 msgid "" "This decorator is itself not available at runtime. It is mainly intended to " "mark classes that are defined in type stub files if an implementation " "returns an instance of a private class::" msgstr "" "Ce décorateur n'est pas disponible à l'exécution. Il est principalement " "destiné à marquer les classes qui sont définies dans des fichiers séparés " "d'annotations de type (*type stub file*, en anglais) si une implémentation " "renvoie une instance d'une classe privée ::" #: library/typing.rst:2624 msgid "" "Note that returning instances of private classes is not recommended. It is " "usually preferable to make such classes public." msgstr "" "Notez qu'il n'est pas recommandé de renvoyer les instances des classes " "privées. Il est généralement préférable de rendre ces classes publiques." #: library/typing.rst:2628 msgid "Introspection helpers" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2632 msgid "" "Return a dictionary containing type hints for a function, method, module or " "class object." msgstr "" "renvoie un dictionnaire contenant des indications de type pour une fonction, " "une méthode, un module ou un objet de classe." #: library/typing.rst:2635 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is often the same as ``obj.__annotations__``. In addition, forward " "references encoded as string literals are handled by evaluating them in " "``globals`` and ``locals`` namespaces. For a class ``C``, return a " "dictionary constructed by merging all the ``__annotations__`` along ``C." "__mro__`` in reverse order." msgstr "" "C'est souvent équivalent à ``obj.__annotations__``. De plus, les références " "directes encodées sous forme de chaîne littérales sont traitées en les " "évaluant dans les espaces de nommage ``globals`` et ``locals``. Si " "nécessaire, ``Optional[t]`` est ajouté pour les annotations de fonction et " "de méthode si une valeur par défaut égale à ``None`` est définie. Pour une " "classe ``C``, renvoie un dictionnaire construit en fusionnant toutes les " "``__annotations__`` en parcourant ``C.__mro__`` en ordre inverse." #: library/typing.rst:2641 msgid "" "The function recursively replaces all ``Annotated[T, ...]`` with ``T``, " "unless ``include_extras`` is set to ``True`` (see :class:`Annotated` for " "more information). For example::" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2656 msgid "" ":func:`get_type_hints` does not work with imported :ref:`type aliases ` that include forward references. Enabling postponed evaluation of " "annotations (:pep:`563`) may remove the need for most forward references." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2661 msgid "Added ``include_extras`` parameter as part of :pep:`593`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2664 msgid "" "Previously, ``Optional[t]`` was added for function and method annotations if " "a default value equal to ``None`` was set. Now the annotation is returned " "unchanged." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2672 msgid "Provide basic introspection for generic types and special typing forms." msgstr "" "Fournit une introspection de base pour les types génériques et les formes " "spéciales de typage." #: library/typing.rst:2674 #, fuzzy msgid "" "For a typing object of the form ``X[Y, Z, ...]`` these functions return " "``X`` and ``(Y, Z, ...)``. If ``X`` is a generic alias for a builtin or :mod:" "`collections` class, it gets normalized to the original class. If ``X`` is a " "union or :class:`Literal` contained in another generic type, the order of " "``(Y, Z, ...)`` may be different from the order of the original arguments " "``[Y, Z, ...]`` due to type caching. For unsupported objects return ``None`` " "and ``()`` correspondingly. Examples::" msgstr "" "Pour un objet de typage de la forme ``X[Y, Z, ....]``, ces fonctions " "renvoient ``X`` et ``(Y, Z,...)``. Si ``X`` est un alias pour une classe " "native ou de :mod:`collections`, il est normalisé en la classe originale. " "Pour les objets non gérés, renvoie la paire ``None`` , ``()``. Exemples ::" #: library/typing.rst:2693 msgid "Check if a type is a :class:`TypedDict`." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2708 #, fuzzy msgid "" "A class used for internal typing representation of string forward " "references. For example, ``List[\"SomeClass\"]`` is implicitly transformed " "into ``List[ForwardRef(\"SomeClass\")]``. This class should not be " "instantiated by a user, but may be used by introspection tools." msgstr "" "Une classe utilisée pour le typage interne de la représentation des " "références directes des chaînes de caractères. Par exemple, " "``Liste[\"SomeClass\"]`` est implicitement transformé en " "``Liste[ForwardRef(\"SomeClass\")]``. Cette classe ne doit pas être " "instanciée par un utilisateur, mais peut être utilisée par des outils " "d'introspection." #: library/typing.rst:2714 msgid "" ":pep:`585` generic types such as ``list[\"SomeClass\"]`` will not be " "implicitly transformed into ``list[ForwardRef(\"SomeClass\")]`` and thus " "will not automatically resolve to ``list[SomeClass]``." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2721 msgid "Constant" msgstr "Constante" #: library/typing.rst:2725 msgid "" "A special constant that is assumed to be ``True`` by 3rd party static type " "checkers. It is ``False`` at runtime. Usage::" msgstr "" "Constante spéciale qui vaut ``True`` pour les vérificateurs de type " "statiques tiers et ``False`` à l'exécution. Utilisation ::" #: library/typing.rst:2734 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The first type annotation must be enclosed in quotes, making it a \"forward " "reference\", to hide the ``expensive_mod`` reference from the interpreter " "runtime. Type annotations for local variables are not evaluated, so the " "second annotation does not need to be enclosed in quotes." msgstr "" "Notez que la première annotation de type doit être entourée de guillemets, " "ce qui en fait une « référence avant », pour cacher la référence " "``expensive_mod`` au moment de l'exécution par l'interpréteur. Les " "annotations de type pour les variables locales ne sont pas évaluées, de " "sorte que la deuxième annotation n'a pas besoin d'être placée entre " "guillemets." #: library/typing.rst:2741 msgid "" "If ``from __future__ import annotations`` is used, annotations are not " "evaluated at function definition time. Instead, they are stored as strings " "in ``__annotations__``. This makes it unnecessary to use quotes around the " "annotation (see :pep:`563`)." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2750 msgid "Deprecation Timeline of Major Features" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2752 msgid "" "Certain features in ``typing`` are deprecated and may be removed in a future " "version of Python. The following table summarizes major deprecations for " "your convenience. This is subject to change, and not all deprecations are " "listed." msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2757 msgid "Feature" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2757 msgid "Deprecated in" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2757 msgid "Projected removal" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2757 msgid "PEP/issue" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2759 msgid "``typing.io`` and ``typing.re`` submodules" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2759 msgid "3.8" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2759 msgid "3.12" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2759 msgid ":issue:`38291`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2762 msgid "``typing`` versions of standard collections" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2762 msgid "3.9" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2765 msgid "Undecided" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2762 msgid ":pep:`585`" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2765 msgid "``typing.Text``" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2765 msgid "3.11" msgstr "" #: library/typing.rst:2765 msgid ":gh:`92332`" msgstr "" #~ msgid "" #~ "The latter example's signature is essentially the overloading of ``(str, " #~ "str) -> str`` and ``(bytes, bytes) -> bytes``. Also note that if the " #~ "arguments are instances of some subclass of :class:`str`, the return type " #~ "is still plain :class:`str`." #~ msgstr "" #~ "La signature de ce dernier exemple est essentiellement la surcharge de " #~ "``(str, str) -> str`` et ``(bytes, bytes) -> bytes``. Notez également que " #~ "si les arguments sont des instances d'une sous-classe de la classe :class:" #~ "`str`, le type de retour est toujours la classe :class:`str`." #~ msgid "" #~ "This also means that it is not possible to create a subtype of " #~ "``Derived`` since it is an identity function at runtime, not an actual " #~ "type::" #~ msgstr "" #~ "Cela signifie également qu'il n'est pas possible de créer un sous-type de " #~ "``Derived`` puisqu'il s'agit d'une fonction d'identité au moment de " #~ "l'exécution, pas d'un type réel ::" #~ msgid "You can use ``Optional[X]`` as a shorthand for ``Union[X, None]``." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Vous pouvez utiliser l'abréviation ``Optional[X]`` pour ``Union[X, " #~ "None]``." #~ msgid "" #~ "**Warning:** this will check only the presence of the required methods, " #~ "not their type signatures!" #~ msgstr "" #~ "**Attention :** ceci ne vérifiera que la présence des méthodes requises, " #~ "et non leur signature de type !"