python-docs-fr/whatsnew/3.2.po

3259 lines
106 KiB
Plaintext
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

# Copyright (C) 2001-2018, Python Software Foundation
# For licence information, see README file.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Python 3\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-05-22 23:13+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-10-18 12:22+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Julien Palard <julien@palard.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: FRENCH <traductions@lists.afpy.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:3
msgid "What's New In Python 3.2"
msgstr "Nouveautés de Python 3.2"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:0
msgid "Author"
msgstr "Auteur"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:5
msgid "Raymond Hettinger"
msgstr "Raymond Hettinger"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:51
msgid ""
"This article explains the new features in Python 3.2 as compared to 3.1. It "
"focuses on a few highlights and gives a few examples. For full details, see "
"the `Misc/NEWS <https://github.com/python/cpython/"
"blob/076ca6c3c8df3030307e548d9be792ce3c1c6eea/Misc/NEWS>`_ file."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:59
msgid ":pep:`392` - Python 3.2 Release Schedule"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:63
msgid "PEP 384: Defining a Stable ABI"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:65
msgid ""
"In the past, extension modules built for one Python version were often not "
"usable with other Python versions. Particularly on Windows, every feature "
"release of Python required rebuilding all extension modules that one wanted "
"to use. This requirement was the result of the free access to Python "
"interpreter internals that extension modules could use."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:71
msgid ""
"With Python 3.2, an alternative approach becomes available: extension "
"modules which restrict themselves to a limited API (by defining "
"Py_LIMITED_API) cannot use many of the internals, but are constrained to a "
"set of API functions that are promised to be stable for several releases. As "
"a consequence, extension modules built for 3.2 in that mode will also work "
"with 3.3, 3.4, and so on. Extension modules that make use of details of "
"memory structures can still be built, but will need to be recompiled for "
"every feature release."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:82
msgid ":pep:`384` - Defining a Stable ABI"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:83
msgid "PEP written by Martin von Löwis."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:87
msgid "PEP 389: Argparse Command Line Parsing Module"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:89
msgid ""
"A new module for command line parsing, :mod:`argparse`, was introduced to "
"overcome the limitations of :mod:`optparse` which did not provide support "
"for positional arguments (not just options), subcommands, required options "
"and other common patterns of specifying and validating options."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:94
msgid ""
"This module has already had widespread success in the community as a third-"
"party module. Being more fully featured than its predecessor, the :mod:"
"`argparse` module is now the preferred module for command-line processing. "
"The older module is still being kept available because of the substantial "
"amount of legacy code that depends on it."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:100
msgid ""
"Here's an annotated example parser showing features like limiting results to "
"a set of choices, specifying a *metavar* in the help screen, validating that "
"one or more positional arguments is present, and making a required option::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:119
msgid "Example of calling the parser on a command string::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:130
msgid "Example of the parser's automatically generated help::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:149
msgid ""
"An especially nice :mod:`argparse` feature is the ability to define "
"subparsers, each with their own argument patterns and help displays::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:175
msgid ":pep:`389` - New Command Line Parsing Module"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:175
msgid "PEP written by Steven Bethard."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:177
msgid ""
":ref:`upgrading-optparse-code` for details on the differences from :mod:"
"`optparse`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:181
msgid "PEP 391: Dictionary Based Configuration for Logging"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:183
msgid ""
"The :mod:`logging` module provided two kinds of configuration, one style "
"with function calls for each option or another style driven by an external "
"file saved in a :mod:`ConfigParser` format. Those options did not provide "
"the flexibility to create configurations from JSON or YAML files, nor did "
"they support incremental configuration, which is needed for specifying "
"logger options from a command line."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:190
msgid ""
"To support a more flexible style, the module now offers :func:`logging."
"config.dictConfig` for specifying logging configuration with plain Python "
"dictionaries. The configuration options include formatters, handlers, "
"filters, and loggers. Here's a working example of a configuration "
"dictionary::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:214
msgid ""
"If that dictionary is stored in a file called :file:`conf.json`, it can be "
"loaded and called with code like this::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:229
msgid ":pep:`391` - Dictionary Based Configuration for Logging"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:230
msgid "PEP written by Vinay Sajip."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:234
msgid "PEP 3148: The ``concurrent.futures`` module"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:236
msgid ""
"Code for creating and managing concurrency is being collected in a new top-"
"level namespace, *concurrent*. Its first member is a *futures* package "
"which provides a uniform high-level interface for managing threads and "
"processes."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:240
msgid ""
"The design for :mod:`concurrent.futures` was inspired by the *java.util."
"concurrent* package. In that model, a running call and its result are "
"represented by a :class:`~concurrent.futures.Future` object that abstracts "
"features common to threads, processes, and remote procedure calls. That "
"object supports status checks (running or done), timeouts, cancellations, "
"adding callbacks, and access to results or exceptions."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:247
msgid ""
"The primary offering of the new module is a pair of executor classes for "
"launching and managing calls. The goal of the executors is to make it "
"easier to use existing tools for making parallel calls. They save the effort "
"needed to setup a pool of resources, launch the calls, create a results "
"queue, add time-out handling, and limit the total number of threads, "
"processes, or remote procedure calls."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:254
msgid ""
"Ideally, each application should share a single executor across multiple "
"components so that process and thread limits can be centrally managed. This "
"solves the design challenge that arises when each component has its own "
"competing strategy for resource management."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:259
msgid ""
"Both classes share a common interface with three methods: :meth:`~concurrent."
"futures.Executor.submit` for scheduling a callable and returning a :class:"
"`~concurrent.futures.Future` object; :meth:`~concurrent.futures.Executor."
"map` for scheduling many asynchronous calls at a time, and :meth:"
"`~concurrent.futures.Executor.shutdown` for freeing resources. The class is "
"a :term:`context manager` and can be used in a :keyword:`with` statement to "
"assure that resources are automatically released when currently pending "
"futures are done executing."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:268
msgid ""
"A simple of example of :class:`~concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor` is a "
"launch of four parallel threads for copying files::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:281
msgid ":pep:`3148` - Futures -- Execute Computations Asynchronously"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:281
msgid "PEP written by Brian Quinlan."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:283
msgid ""
":ref:`Code for Threaded Parallel URL reads<threadpoolexecutor-example>`, an "
"example using threads to fetch multiple web pages in parallel."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:286
msgid ""
":ref:`Code for computing prime numbers in parallel<processpoolexecutor-"
"example>`, an example demonstrating :class:`~concurrent.futures."
"ProcessPoolExecutor`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:292
msgid "PEP 3147: PYC Repository Directories"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:294
msgid ""
"Python's scheme for caching bytecode in *.pyc* files did not work well in "
"environments with multiple Python interpreters. If one interpreter "
"encountered a cached file created by another interpreter, it would recompile "
"the source and overwrite the cached file, thus losing the benefits of "
"caching."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:299
msgid ""
"The issue of \"pyc fights\" has become more pronounced as it has become "
"commonplace for Linux distributions to ship with multiple versions of "
"Python. These conflicts also arise with CPython alternatives such as Unladen "
"Swallow."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:303
msgid ""
"To solve this problem, Python's import machinery has been extended to use "
"distinct filenames for each interpreter. Instead of Python 3.2 and Python "
"3.3 and Unladen Swallow each competing for a file called \"mymodule.pyc\", "
"they will now look for \"mymodule.cpython-32.pyc\", \"mymodule.cpython-33."
"pyc\", and \"mymodule.unladen10.pyc\". And to prevent all of these new "
"files from cluttering source directories, the *pyc* files are now collected "
"in a \"__pycache__\" directory stored under the package directory."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:311
msgid ""
"Aside from the filenames and target directories, the new scheme has a few "
"aspects that are visible to the programmer:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:314
msgid ""
"Imported modules now have a :attr:`__cached__` attribute which stores the "
"name of the actual file that was imported:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:321
msgid ""
"The tag that is unique to each interpreter is accessible from the :mod:`imp` "
"module:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:328
msgid ""
"Scripts that try to deduce source filename from the imported file now need "
"to be smarter. It is no longer sufficient to simply strip the \"c\" from a "
"\".pyc\" filename. Instead, use the new functions in the :mod:`imp` module:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:337
msgid ""
"The :mod:`py_compile` and :mod:`compileall` modules have been updated to "
"reflect the new naming convention and target directory. The command-line "
"invocation of *compileall* has new options: ``-i`` for specifying a list of "
"files and directories to compile and ``-b`` which causes bytecode files to "
"be written to their legacy location rather than *__pycache__*."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:344
msgid ""
"The :mod:`importlib.abc` module has been updated with new :term:`abstract "
"base classes <abstract base class>` for loading bytecode files. The "
"obsolete ABCs, :class:`~importlib.abc.PyLoader` and :class:`~importlib.abc."
"PyPycLoader`, have been deprecated (instructions on how to stay Python 3.1 "
"compatible are included with the documentation)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:352
msgid ":pep:`3147` - PYC Repository Directories"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:384
msgid "PEP written by Barry Warsaw."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:357
msgid "PEP 3149: ABI Version Tagged .so Files"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:359
msgid ""
"The PYC repository directory allows multiple bytecode cache files to be co-"
"located. This PEP implements a similar mechanism for shared object files by "
"giving them a common directory and distinct names for each version."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:363
msgid ""
"The common directory is \"pyshared\" and the file names are made distinct by "
"identifying the Python implementation (such as CPython, PyPy, Jython, etc.), "
"the major and minor version numbers, and optional build flags (such as \"d\" "
"for debug, \"m\" for pymalloc, \"u\" for wide-unicode). For an arbitrary "
"package \"foo\", you may see these files when the distribution package is "
"installed::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:372
msgid ""
"In Python itself, the tags are accessible from functions in the :mod:"
"`sysconfig` module::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:383
msgid ":pep:`3149` - ABI Version Tagged .so Files"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:388
msgid "PEP 3333: Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:390
msgid ""
"This informational PEP clarifies how bytes/text issues are to be handled by "
"the WSGI protocol. The challenge is that string handling in Python 3 is "
"most conveniently handled with the :class:`str` type even though the HTTP "
"protocol is itself bytes oriented."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:395
msgid ""
"The PEP differentiates so-called *native strings* that are used for request/"
"response headers and metadata versus *byte strings* which are used for the "
"bodies of requests and responses."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:399
msgid ""
"The *native strings* are always of type :class:`str` but are restricted to "
"code points between *U+0000* through *U+00FF* which are translatable to "
"bytes using *Latin-1* encoding. These strings are used for the keys and "
"values in the environment dictionary and for response headers and statuses "
"in the :func:`start_response` function. They must follow :rfc:`2616` with "
"respect to encoding. That is, they must either be *ISO-8859-1* characters or "
"use :rfc:`2047` MIME encoding."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:407
msgid ""
"For developers porting WSGI applications from Python 2, here are the salient "
"points:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:410
msgid ""
"If the app already used strings for headers in Python 2, no change is needed."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:412
msgid ""
"If instead, the app encoded output headers or decoded input headers, then "
"the headers will need to be re-encoded to Latin-1. For example, an output "
"header encoded in utf-8 was using ``h.encode('utf-8')`` now needs to convert "
"from bytes to native strings using ``h.encode('utf-8').decode('latin-1')``."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:417
msgid ""
"Values yielded by an application or sent using the :meth:`write` method must "
"be byte strings. The :func:`start_response` function and environ must use "
"native strings. The two cannot be mixed."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:421
msgid ""
"For server implementers writing CGI-to-WSGI pathways or other CGI-style "
"protocols, the users must to be able access the environment using native "
"strings even though the underlying platform may have a different "
"convention. To bridge this gap, the :mod:`wsgiref` module has a new "
"function, :func:`wsgiref.handlers.read_environ` for transcoding CGI "
"variables from :attr:`os.environ` into native strings and returning a new "
"dictionary."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:430
msgid ":pep:`3333` - Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0.1"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:431
msgid "PEP written by Phillip Eby."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:435
msgid "Other Language Changes"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:437
msgid "Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:439
msgid ""
"String formatting for :func:`format` and :meth:`str.format` gained new "
"capabilities for the format character **#**. Previously, for integers in "
"binary, octal, or hexadecimal, it caused the output to be prefixed with "
"'0b', '0o', or '0x' respectively. Now it can also handle floats, complex, "
"and Decimal, causing the output to always have a decimal point even when no "
"digits follow it."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:451
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Mark Dickinson and implemented by Eric Smith in :issue:`7094`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:453
msgid ""
"There is also a new :meth:`str.format_map` method that extends the "
"capabilities of the existing :meth:`str.format` method by accepting "
"arbitrary :term:`mapping` objects. This new method makes it possible to use "
"string formatting with any of Python's many dictionary-like objects such as :"
"class:`~collections.defaultdict`, :class:`~shelve.Shelf`, :class:"
"`~configparser.ConfigParser`, or :mod:`dbm`. It is also useful with custom :"
"class:`dict` subclasses that normalize keys before look-up or that supply a :"
"meth:`__missing__` method for unknown keys::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:480
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Eric Smith in :issue:"
"`6081`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:483
msgid ""
"The interpreter can now be started with a quiet option, ``-q``, to prevent "
"the copyright and version information from being displayed in the "
"interactive mode. The option can be introspected using the :attr:`sys."
"flags` attribute:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:495
msgid "(Contributed by Marcin Wojdyr in :issue:`1772833`)."
msgstr "(Contribution par Marcin Wojdyr; :issue:`1772833`)."
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:497
msgid ""
"The :func:`hasattr` function works by calling :func:`getattr` and detecting "
"whether an exception is raised. This technique allows it to detect methods "
"created dynamically by :meth:`__getattr__` or :meth:`__getattribute__` which "
"would otherwise be absent from the class dictionary. Formerly, *hasattr* "
"would catch any exception, possibly masking genuine errors. Now, *hasattr* "
"has been tightened to only catch :exc:`AttributeError` and let other "
"exceptions pass through::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:516
msgid ""
"(Discovered by Yury Selivanov and fixed by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:`9666`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:518
msgid ""
"The :func:`str` of a float or complex number is now the same as its :func:"
"`repr`. Previously, the :func:`str` form was shorter but that just caused "
"confusion and is no longer needed now that the shortest possible :func:"
"`repr` is displayed by default:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:529
msgid "(Proposed and implemented by Mark Dickinson; :issue:`9337`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:531
msgid ""
":class:`memoryview` objects now have a :meth:`~memoryview.release()` method "
"and they also now support the context management protocol. This allows "
"timely release of any resources that were acquired when requesting a buffer "
"from the original object."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:540
msgid "(Added by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9757`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9757`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:542
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Previously it was illegal to delete a name from the local namespace if it "
"occurs as a free variable in a nested block::"
msgstr ""
"Auparavant, il était illégal de supprimer un nom dans l'espace des noms "
"locaux si celui-ci apparaissait comme variable libre dans un bloc imbriqué ::"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:551
msgid ""
"This is now allowed. Remember that the target of an :keyword:`except` "
"clause is cleared, so this code which used to work with Python 2.6, raised "
"a :exc:`SyntaxError` with Python 3.1 and now works again::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:564
msgid "(See :issue:`4617`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:566
msgid ""
"The internal :c:type:`structsequence` tool now creates subclasses of tuple. "
"This means that C structures like those returned by :func:`os.stat`, :func:"
"`time.gmtime`, and :attr:`sys.version_info` now work like a :term:`named "
"tuple` and now work with functions and methods that expect a tuple as an "
"argument. This is a big step forward in making the C structures as flexible "
"as their pure Python counterparts:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:579
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Arfrever Frehtes Taifersar Arahesis and implemented by "
"Benjamin Peterson in :issue:`8413`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:582
msgid ""
"Warnings are now easier to control using the :envvar:`PYTHONWARNINGS` "
"environment variable as an alternative to using ``-W`` at the command line:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:589
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Barry Warsaw and implemented by Philip Jenvey in :issue:"
"`7301`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:591
msgid ""
"A new warning category, :exc:`ResourceWarning`, has been added. It is "
"emitted when potential issues with resource consumption or cleanup are "
"detected. It is silenced by default in normal release builds but can be "
"enabled through the means provided by the :mod:`warnings` module, or on the "
"command line."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:597
msgid ""
"A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is issued at interpreter shutdown if the :data:`gc."
"garbage` list isn't empty, and if :attr:`gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE` is set, all "
"uncollectable objects are printed. This is meant to make the programmer "
"aware that their code contains object finalization issues."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:602
msgid ""
"A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is also issued when a :term:`file object` is "
"destroyed without having been explicitly closed. While the deallocator for "
"such object ensures it closes the underlying operating system resource "
"(usually, a file descriptor), the delay in deallocating the object could "
"produce various issues, especially under Windows. Here is an example of "
"enabling the warning from the command line:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:616
msgid ""
"(Added by Antoine Pitrou and Georg Brandl in :issue:`10093` and :issue:"
"`477863`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:618
msgid ""
":class:`range` objects now support *index* and *count* methods. This is part "
"of an effort to make more objects fully implement the :class:`collections."
"Sequence` :term:`abstract base class`. As a result, the language will have "
"a more uniform API. In addition, :class:`range` objects now support slicing "
"and negative indices, even with values larger than :attr:`sys.maxsize`. "
"This makes *range* more interoperable with lists::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:634
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Daniel Stutzbach in :issue:`9213`, by Alexander Belopolsky "
"in :issue:`2690`, and by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`10889`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:637
msgid ""
"The :func:`callable` builtin function from Py2.x was resurrected. It "
"provides a concise, readable alternative to using an :term:`abstract base "
"class` in an expression like ``isinstance(x, collections.Callable)``:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:646
msgid "(See :issue:`10518`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:648
msgid ""
"Python's import mechanism can now load modules installed in directories with "
"non-ASCII characters in the path name. This solved an aggravating problem "
"with home directories for users with non-ASCII characters in their usernames."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:652
msgid "(Required extensive work by Victor Stinner in :issue:`9425`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:656
msgid "New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:658
msgid ""
"Python's standard library has undergone significant maintenance efforts and "
"quality improvements."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:661
msgid ""
"The biggest news for Python 3.2 is that the :mod:`email` package, :mod:"
"`mailbox` module, and :mod:`nntplib` modules now work correctly with the "
"bytes/text model in Python 3. For the first time, there is correct handling "
"of messages with mixed encodings."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:666
msgid ""
"Throughout the standard library, there has been more careful attention to "
"encodings and text versus bytes issues. In particular, interactions with "
"the operating system are now better able to exchange non-ASCII data using "
"the Windows MBCS encoding, locale-aware encodings, or UTF-8."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:671
msgid ""
"Another significant win is the addition of substantially better support for "
"*SSL* connections and security certificates."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:674
msgid ""
"In addition, more classes now implement a :term:`context manager` to support "
"convenient and reliable resource clean-up using a :keyword:`with` statement."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:678
msgid "email"
msgstr "email"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:680
msgid ""
"The usability of the :mod:`email` package in Python 3 has been mostly fixed "
"by the extensive efforts of R. David Murray. The problem was that emails "
"are typically read and stored in the form of :class:`bytes` rather than :"
"class:`str` text, and they may contain multiple encodings within a single "
"email. So, the email package had to be extended to parse and generate email "
"messages in bytes format."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:687
msgid ""
"New functions :func:`~email.message_from_bytes` and :func:`~email."
"message_from_binary_file`, and new classes :class:`~email.parser."
"BytesFeedParser` and :class:`~email.parser.BytesParser` allow binary message "
"data to be parsed into model objects."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:692
msgid ""
"Given bytes input to the model, :meth:`~email.message.Message.get_payload` "
"will by default decode a message body that has a :mailheader:`Content-"
"Transfer-Encoding` of *8bit* using the charset specified in the MIME headers "
"and return the resulting string."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:697
msgid ""
"Given bytes input to the model, :class:`~email.generator.Generator` will "
"convert message bodies that have a :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding` "
"of *8bit* to instead have a *7bit* :mailheader:`Content-Transfer-Encoding`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:701
msgid ""
"Headers with unencoded non-ASCII bytes are deemed to be :rfc:`2047`\\ -"
"encoded using the *unknown-8bit* character set."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:704
msgid ""
"A new class :class:`~email.generator.BytesGenerator` produces bytes as "
"output, preserving any unchanged non-ASCII data that was present in the "
"input used to build the model, including message bodies with a :mailheader:"
"`Content-Transfer-Encoding` of *8bit*."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:709
msgid ""
"The :mod:`smtplib` :class:`~smtplib.SMTP` class now accepts a byte string "
"for the *msg* argument to the :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.sendmail` method, and a "
"new method, :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.send_message` accepts a :class:`~email."
"message.Message` object and can optionally obtain the *from_addr* and "
"*to_addrs* addresses directly from the object."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:715
msgid ""
"(Proposed and implemented by R. David Murray, :issue:`4661` and :issue:"
"`10321`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:718
msgid "elementtree"
msgstr "elementtree"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:720
msgid ""
"The :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` package and its :mod:`xml.etree."
"cElementTree` counterpart have been updated to version 1.3."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:723
msgid "Several new and useful functions and methods have been added:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:725
msgid ""
":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstringlist` which builds an XML document "
"from a sequence of fragments"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:727
msgid ""
":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.register_namespace` for registering a global "
"namespace prefix"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:729
msgid ""
":func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.tostringlist` for string representation "
"including all sublists"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:731
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.extend` for appending a sequence of "
"zero or more elements"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:733
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.iterfind` searches an element and "
"subelements"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:735
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.itertext` creates a text iterator over "
"an element and its subelements"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:737
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.end` closes the current element"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:738
msgid ""
":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.TreeBuilder.doctype` handles a doctype "
"declaration"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:741
msgid "Two methods have been deprecated:"
msgstr "Deux méthodes ont été dépréciées :"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:743
msgid ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.getchildren` use ``list(elem)`` instead."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:744
msgid ":meth:`xml.etree.ElementTree.getiterator` use ``Element.iter`` instead."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:746
msgid ""
"For details of the update, see `Introducing ElementTree <https://web.archive."
"org/web/20200703234532/http://effbot.org/zone/elementtree-13-intro.htm>`_ on "
"Fredrik Lundh's website."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:750
msgid "(Contributed by Florent Xicluna and Fredrik Lundh, :issue:`6472`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Florent Xicluna et Fredrik Lundh; :issue:`6472`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:753
msgid "functools"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:755
msgid ""
"The :mod:`functools` module includes a new decorator for caching function "
"calls. :func:`functools.lru_cache` can save repeated queries to an external "
"resource whenever the results are expected to be the same."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:759
msgid ""
"For example, adding a caching decorator to a database query function can "
"save database accesses for popular searches:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:772
msgid ""
"To help with choosing an effective cache size, the wrapped function is "
"instrumented for tracking cache statistics:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:778
msgid ""
"If the phonelist table gets updated, the outdated contents of the cache can "
"be cleared with:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:783
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and incorporating design ideas from Jim "
"Baker, Miki Tebeka, and Nick Coghlan; see `recipe 498245 <https://code."
"activestate.com/recipes/498245>`_\\, `recipe 577479 <https://code."
"activestate.com/recipes/577479>`_\\, :issue:`10586`, and :issue:`10593`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:789
msgid ""
"The :func:`functools.wraps` decorator now adds a :attr:`__wrapped__` "
"attribute pointing to the original callable function. This allows wrapped "
"functions to be introspected. It also copies :attr:`__annotations__` if "
"defined. And now it also gracefully skips over missing attributes such as :"
"attr:`__doc__` which might not be defined for the wrapped callable."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:795
msgid ""
"In the above example, the cache can be removed by recovering the original "
"function:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:800
msgid ""
"(By Nick Coghlan and Terrence Cole; :issue:`9567`, :issue:`3445`, and :issue:"
"`8814`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:803
msgid ""
"To help write classes with rich comparison methods, a new decorator :func:"
"`functools.total_ordering` will use existing equality and inequality methods "
"to fill in the remaining methods."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:807
msgid ""
"For example, supplying *__eq__* and *__lt__* will enable :func:`~functools."
"total_ordering` to fill-in *__le__*, *__gt__* and *__ge__*::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:820
msgid ""
"With the *total_ordering* decorator, the remaining comparison methods are "
"filled in automatically."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:835 whatsnew/3.2.rst:900 whatsnew/3.2.rst:1784
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1829
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:825
msgid ""
"To aid in porting programs from Python 2, the :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` "
"function converts an old-style comparison function to modern :term:`key "
"function`:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:832
msgid ""
"For sorting examples and a brief sorting tutorial, see the `Sorting HowTo "
"<https://wiki.python.org/moin/HowTo/Sorting/>`_ tutorial."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:838
msgid "itertools"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:840
msgid ""
"The :mod:`itertools` module has a new :func:`~itertools.accumulate` function "
"modeled on APL's *scan* operator and Numpy's *accumulate* function:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:851
msgid ""
"For an example using :func:`~itertools.accumulate`, see the :ref:`examples "
"for the random module <random-examples>`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:854
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and incorporating design suggestions from "
"Mark Dickinson.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:858
msgid "collections"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:860
msgid ""
"The :class:`collections.Counter` class now has two forms of in-place "
"subtraction, the existing *-=* operator for `saturating subtraction <https://"
"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic>`_ and the new :meth:"
"`~collections.Counter.subtract` method for regular subtraction. The former "
"is suitable for `multisets <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset>`_ which "
"only have positive counts, and the latter is more suitable for use cases "
"that allow negative counts:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:881
msgid ""
"The :class:`collections.OrderedDict` class has a new method :meth:"
"`~collections.OrderedDict.move_to_end` which takes an existing key and moves "
"it to either the first or last position in the ordered sequence."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:885
msgid ""
"The default is to move an item to the last position. This is equivalent of "
"renewing an entry with ``od[k] = od.pop(k)``."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:888
msgid ""
"A fast move-to-end operation is useful for resequencing entries. For "
"example, an ordered dictionary can be used to track order of access by aging "
"entries from the oldest to the most recently accessed."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:902
msgid ""
"The :class:`collections.deque` class grew two new methods :meth:"
"`~collections.deque.count` and :meth:`~collections.deque.reverse` that make "
"them more substitutable for :class:`list` objects:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:917
msgid "threading"
msgstr "threading"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:919
msgid ""
"The :mod:`threading` module has a new :class:`~threading.Barrier` "
"synchronization class for making multiple threads wait until all of them "
"have reached a common barrier point. Barriers are useful for making sure "
"that a task with multiple preconditions does not run until all of the "
"predecessor tasks are complete."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:925
msgid ""
"Barriers can work with an arbitrary number of threads. This is a "
"generalization of a `Rendezvous <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Synchronous_rendezvous>`_ which is defined for only two threads."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:929
msgid ""
"Implemented as a two-phase cyclic barrier, :class:`~threading.Barrier` "
"objects are suitable for use in loops. The separate *filling* and "
"*draining* phases assure that all threads get released (drained) before any "
"one of them can loop back and re-enter the barrier. The barrier fully "
"resets after each cycle."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:934
msgid "Example of using barriers::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:948
msgid ""
"In this example, the barrier enforces a rule that votes cannot be counted at "
"any polling site until all polls are closed. Notice how a solution with a "
"barrier is similar to one with :meth:`threading.Thread.join`, but the "
"threads stay alive and continue to do work (summarizing ballots) after the "
"barrier point is crossed."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:954
msgid ""
"If any of the predecessor tasks can hang or be delayed, a barrier can be "
"created with an optional *timeout* parameter. Then if the timeout period "
"elapses before all the predecessor tasks reach the barrier point, all "
"waiting threads are released and a :exc:`~threading.BrokenBarrierError` "
"exception is raised::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:970
msgid ""
"In this example, the barrier enforces a more robust rule. If some election "
"sites do not finish before midnight, the barrier times-out and the ballots "
"are sealed and deposited in a queue for later handling."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:974
msgid ""
"See `Barrier Synchronization Patterns <http://osl.cs.illinois.edu/media/"
"papers/karmani-2009-barrier_synchronization_pattern.pdf>`_ for more examples "
"of how barriers can be used in parallel computing. Also, there is a simple "
"but thorough explanation of barriers in `The Little Book of Semaphores "
"<https://greenteapress.com/semaphores/LittleBookOfSemaphores.pdf>`_, "
"*section 3.6*."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:980
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Kristján Valur Jónsson with an API review by Jeffrey Yasskin "
"in :issue:`8777`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:984
msgid "datetime and time"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:986
msgid ""
"The :mod:`datetime` module has a new type :class:`~datetime.timezone` that "
"implements the :class:`~datetime.tzinfo` interface by returning a fixed UTC "
"offset and timezone name. This makes it easier to create timezone-aware "
"datetime objects::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:999
msgid ""
"Also, :class:`~datetime.timedelta` objects can now be multiplied by :class:"
"`float` and divided by :class:`float` and :class:`int` objects. And :class:"
"`~datetime.timedelta` objects can now divide one another."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1003
msgid ""
"The :meth:`datetime.date.strftime` method is no longer restricted to years "
"after 1900. The new supported year range is from 1000 to 9999 inclusive."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1006
msgid ""
"Whenever a two-digit year is used in a time tuple, the interpretation has "
"been governed by :attr:`time.accept2dyear`. The default is ``True`` which "
"means that for a two-digit year, the century is guessed according to the "
"POSIX rules governing the ``%y`` strptime format."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1011
msgid ""
"Starting with Py3.2, use of the century guessing heuristic will emit a :exc:"
"`DeprecationWarning`. Instead, it is recommended that :attr:`time."
"accept2dyear` be set to ``False`` so that large date ranges can be used "
"without guesswork::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1030
msgid ""
"Several functions now have significantly expanded date ranges. When :attr:"
"`time.accept2dyear` is false, the :func:`time.asctime` function will accept "
"any year that fits in a C int, while the :func:`time.mktime` and :func:`time."
"strftime` functions will accept the full range supported by the "
"corresponding operating system functions."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1036
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky and Victor Stinner in :issue:"
"`1289118`, :issue:`5094`, :issue:`6641`, :issue:`2706`, :issue:`1777412`, :"
"issue:`8013`, and :issue:`10827`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1043
msgid "math"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1045
msgid ""
"The :mod:`math` module has been updated with six new functions inspired by "
"the C99 standard."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1048
msgid ""
"The :func:`~math.isfinite` function provides a reliable and fast way to "
"detect special values. It returns ``True`` for regular numbers and "
"``False`` for *Nan* or *Infinity*:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1056
msgid ""
"The :func:`~math.expm1` function computes ``e**x-1`` for small values of *x* "
"without incurring the loss of precision that usually accompanies the "
"subtraction of nearly equal quantities:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1064
msgid ""
"The :func:`~math.erf` function computes a probability integral or `Gaussian "
"error function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function>`_. The "
"complementary error function, :func:`~math.erfc`, is ``1 - erf(x)``:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1079
msgid ""
"The :func:`~math.gamma` function is a continuous extension of the factorial "
"function. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function for details. "
"Because the function is related to factorials, it grows large even for small "
"values of *x*, so there is also a :func:`~math.lgamma` function for "
"computing the natural logarithm of the gamma function:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1091
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1094
msgid "abc"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1096
msgid ""
"The :mod:`abc` module now supports :func:`~abc.abstractclassmethod` and :"
"func:`~abc.abstractstaticmethod`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1099
msgid ""
"These tools make it possible to define an :term:`abstract base class` that "
"requires a particular :func:`classmethod` or :func:`staticmethod` to be "
"implemented::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1111
msgid "(Patch submitted by Daniel Urban; :issue:`5867`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1114
msgid "io"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1116
msgid ""
"The :class:`io.BytesIO` has a new method, :meth:`~io.BytesIO.getbuffer`, "
"which provides functionality similar to :func:`memoryview`. It creates an "
"editable view of the data without making a copy. The buffer's random access "
"and support for slice notation are well-suited to in-place editing::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1142
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`5506`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`5506`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1145
msgid "reprlib"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1147
msgid ""
"When writing a :meth:`__repr__` method for a custom container, it is easy to "
"forget to handle the case where a member refers back to the container "
"itself. Python's builtin objects such as :class:`list` and :class:`set` "
"handle self-reference by displaying \"...\" in the recursive part of the "
"representation string."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1153
msgid ""
"To help write such :meth:`__repr__` methods, the :mod:`reprlib` module has a "
"new decorator, :func:`~reprlib.recursive_repr`, for detecting recursive "
"calls to :meth:`__repr__` and substituting a placeholder string instead::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1168
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger in :issue:`9826` and :issue:`9840`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`9826` et :issue:`9840`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1171
msgid "logging"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1173
msgid ""
"In addition to dictionary-based configuration described above, the :mod:"
"`logging` package has many other improvements."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1176
msgid ""
"The logging documentation has been augmented by a :ref:`basic tutorial "
"<logging-basic-tutorial>`\\, an :ref:`advanced tutorial <logging-advanced-"
"tutorial>`\\, and a :ref:`cookbook <logging-cookbook>` of logging recipes. "
"These documents are the fastest way to learn about logging."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1181
msgid ""
"The :func:`logging.basicConfig` set-up function gained a *style* argument to "
"support three different types of string formatting. It defaults to \"%\" "
"for traditional %-formatting, can be set to \"{\" for the new :meth:`str."
"format` style, or can be set to \"$\" for the shell-style formatting "
"provided by :class:`string.Template`. The following three configurations "
"are equivalent::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1192
msgid ""
"If no configuration is set-up before a logging event occurs, there is now a "
"default configuration using a :class:`~logging.StreamHandler` directed to :"
"attr:`sys.stderr` for events of ``WARNING`` level or higher. Formerly, an "
"event occurring before a configuration was set-up would either raise an "
"exception or silently drop the event depending on the value of :attr:"
"`logging.raiseExceptions`. The new default handler is stored in :attr:"
"`logging.lastResort`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1200
msgid ""
"The use of filters has been simplified. Instead of creating a :class:"
"`~logging.Filter` object, the predicate can be any Python callable that "
"returns ``True`` or ``False``."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1204
msgid ""
"There were a number of other improvements that add flexibility and simplify "
"configuration. See the module documentation for a full listing of changes "
"in Python 3.2."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1209
msgid "csv"
msgstr "csv"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1211
msgid ""
"The :mod:`csv` module now supports a new dialect, :class:`~csv."
"unix_dialect`, which applies quoting for all fields and a traditional Unix "
"style with ``'\\n'`` as the line terminator. The registered dialect name is "
"``unix``."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1215
msgid ""
"The :class:`csv.DictWriter` has a new method, :meth:`~csv.DictWriter."
"writeheader` for writing-out an initial row to document the field names::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1229
msgid ""
"(New dialect suggested by Jay Talbot in :issue:`5975`, and the new method "
"suggested by Ed Abraham in :issue:`1537721`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1233
msgid "contextlib"
msgstr "contextlib"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1235
msgid ""
"There is a new and slightly mind-blowing tool :class:`~contextlib."
"ContextDecorator` that is helpful for creating a :term:`context manager` "
"that does double duty as a function decorator."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1239
msgid ""
"As a convenience, this new functionality is used by :func:`~contextlib."
"contextmanager` so that no extra effort is needed to support both roles."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1243
msgid ""
"The basic idea is that both context managers and function decorators can be "
"used for pre-action and post-action wrappers. Context managers wrap a group "
"of statements using a :keyword:`with` statement, and function decorators "
"wrap a group of statements enclosed in a function. So, occasionally there "
"is a need to write a pre-action or post-action wrapper that can be used in "
"either role."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1249
msgid ""
"For example, it is sometimes useful to wrap functions or groups of "
"statements with a logger that can track the time of entry and time of exit. "
"Rather than writing both a function decorator and a context manager for the "
"task, the :func:`~contextlib.contextmanager` provides both capabilities in a "
"single definition::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1266
msgid "Formerly, this would have only been usable as a context manager::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1272
msgid "Now, it can be used as a decorator as well::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1279
msgid ""
"Trying to fulfill two roles at once places some limitations on the "
"technique. Context managers normally have the flexibility to return an "
"argument usable by a :keyword:`with` statement, but there is no parallel for "
"function decorators."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1283
msgid ""
"In the above example, there is not a clean way for the "
"*track_entry_and_exit* context manager to return a logging instance for use "
"in the body of enclosed statements."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1287
msgid "(Contributed by Michael Foord in :issue:`9110`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Michael Foord; :issue:`9110`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1290
msgid "decimal and fractions"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1292
msgid ""
"Mark Dickinson crafted an elegant and efficient scheme for assuring that "
"different numeric datatypes will have the same hash value whenever their "
"actual values are equal (:issue:`8188`)::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1299
msgid ""
"Some of the hashing details are exposed through a new attribute, :attr:`sys."
"hash_info`, which describes the bit width of the hash value, the prime "
"modulus, the hash values for *infinity* and *nan*, and the multiplier used "
"for the imaginary part of a number:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1307
msgid ""
"An early decision to limit the inter-operability of various numeric types "
"has been relaxed. It is still unsupported (and ill-advised) to have "
"implicit mixing in arithmetic expressions such as ``Decimal('1.1') + "
"float('1.1')`` because the latter loses information in the process of "
"constructing the binary float. However, since existing floating point value "
"can be converted losslessly to either a decimal or rational representation, "
"it makes sense to add them to the constructor and to support mixed-type "
"comparisons."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1315
msgid ""
"The :class:`decimal.Decimal` constructor now accepts :class:`float` objects "
"directly so there in no longer a need to use the :meth:`~decimal.Decimal."
"from_float` method (:issue:`8257`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1319
msgid ""
"Mixed type comparisons are now fully supported so that :class:`~decimal."
"Decimal` objects can be directly compared with :class:`float` and :class:"
"`fractions.Fraction` (:issue:`2531` and :issue:`8188`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1323
msgid ""
"Similar changes were made to :class:`fractions.Fraction` so that the :meth:"
"`~fractions.Fraction.from_float()` and :meth:`~fractions.Fraction."
"from_decimal` methods are no longer needed (:issue:`8294`):"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1334
msgid ""
"Another useful change for the :mod:`decimal` module is that the :attr:"
"`Context.clamp` attribute is now public. This is useful in creating "
"contexts that correspond to the decimal interchange formats specified in "
"IEEE 754 (see :issue:`8540`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1339
msgid "(Contributed by Mark Dickinson and Raymond Hettinger.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1342
msgid "ftp"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1344
msgid ""
"The :class:`ftplib.FTP` class now supports the context management protocol "
"to unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to close the "
"FTP connection when done::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1359
msgid ""
"Other file-like objects such as :class:`mmap.mmap` and :func:`fileinput."
"input` also grew auto-closing context managers::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1366
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé and Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`4972`, and by "
"Georg Brandl in :issue:`8046` and :issue:`1286`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1369
msgid ""
"The :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` class now accepts a *context* parameter, which "
"is a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object allowing bundling SSL configuration "
"options, certificates and private keys into a single (potentially long-"
"lived) structure."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1373
msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`8806`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`8806`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1376
msgid "popen"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1378
msgid ""
"The :func:`os.popen` and :func:`subprocess.Popen` functions now support :"
"keyword:`with` statements for auto-closing of the file descriptors."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1381
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou and Brian Curtin in :issue:`7461` and :issue:"
"`10554`.)"
msgstr ""
"(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou et Brian Curtin; :issue:`7461` et :issue:"
"`10554`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1385
msgid "select"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1387
msgid ""
"The :mod:`select` module now exposes a new, constant attribute, :attr:"
"`~select.PIPE_BUF`, which gives the minimum number of bytes which are "
"guaranteed not to block when :func:`select.select` says a pipe is ready for "
"writing."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1396
msgid "(Available on Unix systems. Patch by Sébastien Sablé in :issue:`9862`)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1399
msgid "gzip and zipfile"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1401
msgid ""
":class:`gzip.GzipFile` now implements the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` :term:"
"`abstract base class` (except for ``truncate()``). It also has a :meth:"
"`~gzip.GzipFile.peek` method and supports unseekable as well as zero-padded "
"file objects."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1406
msgid ""
"The :mod:`gzip` module also gains the :func:`~gzip.compress` and :func:"
"`~gzip.decompress` functions for easier in-memory compression and "
"decompression. Keep in mind that text needs to be encoded as :class:`bytes` "
"before compressing and decompressing:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1423
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Anand B. Pillai in :issue:`3488`; and by Antoine Pitrou, Nir "
"Aides and Brian Curtin in :issue:`9962`, :issue:`1675951`, :issue:`7471` "
"and :issue:`2846`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1427
msgid ""
"Also, the :class:`zipfile.ZipExtFile` class was reworked internally to "
"represent files stored inside an archive. The new implementation is "
"significantly faster and can be wrapped in an :class:`io.BufferedReader` "
"object for more speedups. It also solves an issue where interleaved calls "
"to *read* and *readline* gave the wrong results."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1433
msgid "(Patch submitted by Nir Aides in :issue:`7610`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1436
msgid "tarfile"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1438
msgid ""
"The :class:`~tarfile.TarFile` class can now be used as a context manager. "
"In addition, its :meth:`~tarfile.TarFile.add` method has a new option, "
"*filter*, that controls which files are added to the archive and allows the "
"file metadata to be edited."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1443
msgid ""
"The new *filter* option replaces the older, less flexible *exclude* "
"parameter which is now deprecated. If specified, the optional *filter* "
"parameter needs to be a :term:`keyword argument`. The user-supplied filter "
"function accepts a :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` object and returns an updated :"
"class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` object, or if it wants the file to be excluded, the "
"function can return ``None``::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1467
msgid ""
"(Proposed by Tarek Ziadé and implemented by Lars Gustäbel in :issue:`6856`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1470
msgid "hashlib"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1472
msgid ""
"The :mod:`hashlib` module has two new constant attributes listing the "
"hashing algorithms guaranteed to be present in all implementations and those "
"available on the current implementation::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1487
msgid "(Suggested by Carl Chenet in :issue:`7418`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1490
msgid "ast"
msgstr "ast"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1492
msgid ""
"The :mod:`ast` module has a wonderful a general-purpose tool for safely "
"evaluating expression strings using the Python literal syntax. The :func:"
"`ast.literal_eval` function serves as a secure alternative to the builtin :"
"func:`eval` function which is easily abused. Python 3.2 adds :class:`bytes` "
"and :class:`set` literals to the list of supported types: strings, bytes, "
"numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, sets, booleans, and ``None``."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1513
msgid "(Implemented by Benjamin Peterson and Georg Brandl.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1516
msgid "os"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1518
msgid ""
"Different operating systems use various encodings for filenames and "
"environment variables. The :mod:`os` module provides two new functions, :"
"func:`~os.fsencode` and :func:`~os.fsdecode`, for encoding and decoding "
"filenames:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1528
msgid ""
"Some operating systems allow direct access to encoded bytes in the "
"environment. If so, the :attr:`os.supports_bytes_environ` constant will be "
"true."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1532
msgid ""
"For direct access to encoded environment variables (if available), use the "
"new :func:`os.getenvb` function or use :data:`os.environb` which is a bytes "
"version of :data:`os.environ`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1536
msgid "(Contributed by Victor Stinner.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Victor Stinner)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1539
msgid "shutil"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1541
msgid "The :func:`shutil.copytree` function has two new options:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1543
msgid ""
"*ignore_dangling_symlinks*: when ``symlinks=False`` so that the function "
"copies a file pointed to by a symlink, not the symlink itself. This option "
"will silence the error raised if the file doesn't exist."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1547
msgid ""
"*copy_function*: is a callable that will be used to copy files. :func:"
"`shutil.copy2` is used by default."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1588
msgid "(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1552
msgid ""
"In addition, the :mod:`shutil` module now supports :ref:`archiving "
"operations <archiving-operations>` for zipfiles, uncompressed tarfiles, "
"gzipped tarfiles, and bzipped tarfiles. And there are functions for "
"registering additional archiving file formats (such as xz compressed "
"tarfiles or custom formats)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1557
msgid ""
"The principal functions are :func:`~shutil.make_archive` and :func:`~shutil."
"unpack_archive`. By default, both operate on the current directory (which "
"can be set by :func:`os.chdir`) and on any sub-directories. The archive "
"filename needs to be specified with a full pathname. The archiving step is "
"non-destructive (the original files are left unchanged)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1591
msgid "sqlite3"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1593
msgid ""
"The :mod:`sqlite3` module was updated to pysqlite version 2.6.0. It has two "
"new capabilities."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1595
msgid ""
"The :attr:`sqlite3.Connection.in_transit` attribute is true if there is an "
"active transaction for uncommitted changes."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1598
msgid ""
"The :meth:`sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension` and :meth:`sqlite3."
"Connection.load_extension` methods allows you to load SQLite extensions from "
"\".so\" files. One well-known extension is the fulltext-search extension "
"distributed with SQLite."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1603
msgid "(Contributed by R. David Murray and Shashwat Anand; :issue:`8845`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1606
msgid "html"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1608
msgid ""
"A new :mod:`html` module was introduced with only a single function, :func:"
"`~html.escape`, which is used for escaping reserved characters from HTML "
"markup:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1617
msgid "socket"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1619
msgid "The :mod:`socket` module has two new improvements."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1621
msgid ""
"Socket objects now have a :meth:`~socket.socket.detach()` method which puts "
"the socket into closed state without actually closing the underlying file "
"descriptor. The latter can then be reused for other purposes. (Added by "
"Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`8524`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1626
msgid ""
":func:`socket.create_connection` now supports the context management "
"protocol to unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to "
"close the socket when done. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`9794`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1632
msgid "ssl"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1634
msgid ""
"The :mod:`ssl` module added a number of features to satisfy common "
"requirements for secure (encrypted, authenticated) internet connections:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1637
msgid ""
"A new class, :class:`~ssl.SSLContext`, serves as a container for persistent "
"SSL data, such as protocol settings, certificates, private keys, and various "
"other options. It includes a :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for "
"creating an SSL socket from an SSL context."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1642
msgid ""
"A new function, :func:`ssl.match_hostname`, supports server identity "
"verification for higher-level protocols by implementing the rules of HTTPS "
"(from :rfc:`2818`) which are also suitable for other protocols."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1646
msgid ""
"The :func:`ssl.wrap_socket` constructor function now takes a *ciphers* "
"argument. The *ciphers* string lists the allowed encryption algorithms "
"using the format described in the `OpenSSL documentation <https://www."
"openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`__."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1651
msgid ""
"When linked against recent versions of OpenSSL, the :mod:`ssl` module now "
"supports the Server Name Indication extension to the TLS protocol, allowing "
"multiple \"virtual hosts\" using different certificates on a single IP port. "
"This extension is only supported in client mode, and is activated by passing "
"the *server_hostname* argument to :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1657
msgid ""
"Various options have been added to the :mod:`ssl` module, such as :data:"
"`~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2` which disables the insecure and obsolete SSLv2 protocol."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1661
msgid ""
"The extension now loads all the OpenSSL ciphers and digest algorithms. If "
"some SSL certificates cannot be verified, they are reported as an \"unknown "
"algorithm\" error."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1665
msgid ""
"The version of OpenSSL being used is now accessible using the module "
"attributes :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string), :data:`ssl."
"OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-tuple), and :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` "
"(an integer)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1670
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`8850`, :issue:`1589`, :issue:"
"`8322`, :issue:`5639`, :issue:`4870`, :issue:`8484`, and :issue:`8321`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1674
msgid "nntp"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1676
msgid ""
"The :mod:`nntplib` module has a revamped implementation with better bytes "
"and text semantics as well as more practical APIs. These improvements break "
"compatibility with the nntplib version in Python 3.1, which was partly "
"dysfunctional in itself."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1681
msgid ""
"Support for secure connections through both implicit (using :class:`nntplib."
"NNTP_SSL`) and explicit (using :meth:`nntplib.NNTP.starttls`) TLS has also "
"been added."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1685
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`9360` and Andrew Vant in :issue:"
"`1926`.)"
msgstr ""
"(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`9360`, et Andrew Vant, :issue:"
"`1926`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1688
msgid "certificates"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1690
msgid ""
":class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`, :class:`urllib.request.HTTPSHandler` "
"and :func:`urllib.request.urlopen` now take optional arguments to allow for "
"server certificate checking against a set of Certificate Authorities, as "
"recommended in public uses of HTTPS."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1695
msgid "(Added by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`9003`.)"
msgstr "(Ajouté par Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9003`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1698
msgid "imaplib"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1700
msgid ""
"Support for explicit TLS on standard IMAP4 connections has been added "
"through the new :mod:`imaplib.IMAP4.starttls` method."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1703
msgid "(Contributed by Lorenzo M. Catucci and Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`4471`.)"
msgstr ""
"(Contribution par Lorenzo M. Catucci et Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`4471`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1706
msgid "http.client"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1708
msgid ""
"There were a number of small API improvements in the :mod:`http.client` "
"module. The old-style HTTP 0.9 simple responses are no longer supported and "
"the *strict* parameter is deprecated in all classes."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1712
msgid ""
"The :class:`~http.client.HTTPConnection` and :class:`~http.client."
"HTTPSConnection` classes now have a *source_address* parameter for a (host, "
"port) tuple indicating where the HTTP connection is made from."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1717
msgid ""
"Support for certificate checking and HTTPS virtual hosts were added to :"
"class:`~http.client.HTTPSConnection`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1720
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~http.client.HTTPConnection.request` method on connection objects "
"allowed an optional *body* argument so that a :term:`file object` could be "
"used to supply the content of the request. Conveniently, the *body* "
"argument now also accepts an :term:`iterable` object so long as it includes "
"an explicit ``Content-Length`` header. This extended interface is much more "
"flexible than before."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1727
msgid ""
"To establish an HTTPS connection through a proxy server, there is a new :"
"meth:`~http.client.HTTPConnection.set_tunnel` method that sets the host and "
"port for HTTP Connect tunneling."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1731
msgid ""
"To match the behavior of :mod:`http.server`, the HTTP client library now "
"also encodes headers with ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) encoding. It was already "
"doing that for incoming headers, so now the behavior is consistent for both "
"incoming and outgoing traffic. (See work by Armin Ronacher in :issue:"
"`10980`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1737
msgid "unittest"
msgstr "unittest"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1739
msgid ""
"The unittest module has a number of improvements supporting test discovery "
"for packages, easier experimentation at the interactive prompt, new testcase "
"methods, improved diagnostic messages for test failures, and better method "
"names."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1744
msgid ""
"The command-line call ``python -m unittest`` can now accept file paths "
"instead of module names for running specific tests (:issue:`10620`). The "
"new test discovery can find tests within packages, locating any test "
"importable from the top-level directory. The top-level directory can be "
"specified with the `-t` option, a pattern for matching files with ``-p``, "
"and a directory to start discovery with ``-s``:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1764 whatsnew/3.2.rst:1920
msgid "(Contributed by Michael Foord.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1757
msgid ""
"Experimentation at the interactive prompt is now easier because the :class:"
"`unittest.case.TestCase` class can now be instantiated without arguments:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1766
msgid ""
"The :mod:`unittest` module has two new methods, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase."
"assertWarns` and :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertWarnsRegex` to verify that "
"a given warning type is triggered by the code under test::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1774
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`9754`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9754`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1776
msgid ""
"Another new method, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertCountEqual` is used to "
"compare two iterables to determine if their element counts are equal "
"(whether the same elements are present with the same number of occurrences "
"regardless of order)::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1786
msgid ""
"A principal feature of the unittest module is an effort to produce "
"meaningful diagnostics when a test fails. When possible, the failure is "
"recorded along with a diff of the output. This is especially helpful for "
"analyzing log files of failed test runs. However, since diffs can sometime "
"be voluminous, there is a new :attr:`~unittest.TestCase.maxDiff` attribute "
"that sets maximum length of diffs displayed."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1793
msgid ""
"In addition, the method names in the module have undergone a number of clean-"
"ups."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1795
msgid ""
"For example, :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRegex` is the new name for :"
"meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertRegexpMatches` which was misnamed because the "
"test uses :func:`re.search`, not :func:`re.match`. Other methods using "
"regular expressions are now named using short form \"Regex\" in preference "
"to \"Regexp\" -- this matches the names used in other unittest "
"implementations, matches Python's old name for the :mod:`re` module, and it "
"has unambiguous camel-casing."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1803
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Ezio Melotti.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1805
msgid ""
"To improve consistency, some long-standing method aliases are being "
"deprecated in favor of the preferred names:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1809
msgid "Old Name"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1809
msgid "Preferred Name"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1811
msgid ":meth:`assert_`"
msgstr ":meth:`assert_`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1811
msgid ":meth:`.assertTrue`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertTrue`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1812
msgid ":meth:`assertEquals`"
msgstr ":meth:`assertEquals`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1812
msgid ":meth:`.assertEqual`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertEqual`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1813
msgid ":meth:`assertNotEquals`"
msgstr ":meth:`assertNotEquals`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1813
msgid ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotEqual`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1814
msgid ":meth:`assertAlmostEquals`"
msgstr ":meth:`assertAlmostEquals`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1814
msgid ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertAlmostEqual`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1815
msgid ":meth:`assertNotAlmostEquals`"
msgstr ":meth:`assertNotAlmostEquals`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1815
msgid ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`"
msgstr ":meth:`.assertNotAlmostEqual`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1818
msgid ""
"Likewise, the ``TestCase.fail*`` methods deprecated in Python 3.1 are "
"expected to be removed in Python 3.3. Also see the :ref:`deprecated-"
"aliases` section in the :mod:`unittest` documentation."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1822
msgid "(Contributed by Ezio Melotti; :issue:`9424`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Ezio Melotti; :issue:`9424`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1824
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~unittest.TestCase.assertDictContainsSubset` method was "
"deprecated because it was misimplemented with the arguments in the wrong "
"order. This created hard-to-debug optical illusions where tests like "
"``TestCase().assertDictContainsSubset({'a':1, 'b':2}, {'a':1})`` would fail."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1832
msgid "random"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1834
msgid ""
"The integer methods in the :mod:`random` module now do a better job of "
"producing uniform distributions. Previously, they computed selections with "
"``int(n*random())`` which had a slight bias whenever *n* was not a power of "
"two. Now, multiple selections are made from a range up to the next power of "
"two and a selection is kept only when it falls within the range ``0 <= x < "
"n``. The functions and methods affected are :func:`~random.randrange`, :"
"func:`~random.randint`, :func:`~random.choice`, :func:`~random.shuffle` and :"
"func:`~random.sample`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1843
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`9025`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`9025`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1846
msgid "poplib"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1848
msgid ""
":class:`~poplib.POP3_SSL` class now accepts a *context* parameter, which is "
"a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object allowing bundling SSL configuration "
"options, certificates and private keys into a single (potentially long-"
"lived) structure."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1853
msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`8807`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`8807`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1856
msgid "asyncore"
msgstr "asyncore"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1858
msgid ""
":class:`asyncore.dispatcher` now provides a :meth:`~asyncore.dispatcher."
"handle_accepted()` method returning a `(sock, addr)` pair which is called "
"when a connection has actually been established with a new remote endpoint. "
"This is supposed to be used as a replacement for old :meth:`~asyncore."
"dispatcher.handle_accept()` and avoids the user to call :meth:`~asyncore."
"dispatcher.accept()` directly."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1865
msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`6706`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Giampaolo Rodolà; :issue:`6706`)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1868
msgid "tempfile"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1870
msgid ""
"The :mod:`tempfile` module has a new context manager, :class:`~tempfile."
"TemporaryDirectory` which provides easy deterministic cleanup of temporary "
"directories::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1877
msgid "(Contributed by Neil Schemenauer and Nick Coghlan; :issue:`5178`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Neil Schemenauer et Nick Coghlan; :issue:`5178`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1880
msgid "inspect"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1882
msgid ""
"The :mod:`inspect` module has a new function :func:`~inspect."
"getgeneratorstate` to easily identify the current state of a generator-"
"iterator::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1900
msgid "(Contributed by Rodolpho Eckhardt and Nick Coghlan, :issue:`10220`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Rodolpho Eckhardt et Nick Coghlan; :issue:`10220`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1902
msgid ""
"To support lookups without the possibility of activating a dynamic "
"attribute, the :mod:`inspect` module has a new function, :func:`~inspect."
"getattr_static`. Unlike :func:`hasattr`, this is a true read-only search, "
"guaranteed not to change state while it is searching::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1923
msgid "pydoc"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1925
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pydoc` module now provides a much-improved web server interface, "
"as well as a new command-line option ``-b`` to automatically open a browser "
"window to display that server:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1933
msgid "(Contributed by Ron Adam; :issue:`2001`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Ron Adam; :issue:`2001`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1936
msgid "dis"
msgstr "dis"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1938
msgid ""
"The :mod:`dis` module gained two new functions for inspecting code, :func:"
"`~dis.code_info` and :func:`~dis.show_code`. Both provide detailed code "
"object information for the supplied function, method, source code string or "
"code object. The former returns a string and the latter prints it::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1965
msgid ""
"In addition, the :func:`~dis.dis` function now accepts string arguments so "
"that the common idiom ``dis(compile(s, '', 'eval'))`` can be shortened to "
"``dis(s)``::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1987
msgid ""
"Taken together, these improvements make it easier to explore how CPython is "
"implemented and to see for yourself what the language syntax does under-the-"
"hood."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1991
msgid "(Contributed by Nick Coghlan in :issue:`9147`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Nick Coghlan; :issue:`9147`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1994
msgid "dbm"
msgstr "dbm"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1996
msgid ""
"All database modules now support the :meth:`get` and :meth:`setdefault` "
"methods."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:1998
msgid "(Suggested by Ray Allen in :issue:`9523`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2001
msgid "ctypes"
msgstr "ctypes"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2003
msgid ""
"A new type, :class:`ctypes.c_ssize_t` represents the C :c:type:`ssize_t` "
"datatype."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2006
msgid "site"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2008
msgid ""
"The :mod:`site` module has three new functions useful for reporting on the "
"details of a given Python installation."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2011
msgid ""
":func:`~site.getsitepackages` lists all global site-packages directories."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2013
msgid ""
":func:`~site.getuserbase` reports on the user's base directory where data "
"can be stored."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2016
msgid ""
":func:`~site.getusersitepackages` reveals the user-specific site-packages "
"directory path."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2031
msgid ""
"Conveniently, some of site's functionality is accessible directly from the "
"command-line:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2041
msgid "(Contributed by Tarek Ziadé in :issue:`6693`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Tarek Ziadé; :issue:`6693`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2044
msgid "sysconfig"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2046
msgid ""
"The new :mod:`sysconfig` module makes it straightforward to discover "
"installation paths and configuration variables that vary across platforms "
"and installations."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2050
msgid ""
"The module offers access simple access functions for platform and version "
"information:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2053
msgid ""
":func:`~sysconfig.get_platform` returning values like *linux-i586* or "
"*macosx-10.6-ppc*."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2055
msgid ""
":func:`~sysconfig.get_python_version` returns a Python version string such "
"as \"3.2\"."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2058
msgid ""
"It also provides access to the paths and variables corresponding to one of "
"seven named schemes used by :mod:`distutils`. Those include *posix_prefix*, "
"*posix_home*, *posix_user*, *nt*, *nt_user*, *os2*, *os2_home*:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2062
msgid ""
":func:`~sysconfig.get_paths` makes a dictionary containing installation "
"paths for the current installation scheme."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2064
msgid ""
":func:`~sysconfig.get_config_vars` returns a dictionary of platform specific "
"variables."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2067
msgid "There is also a convenient command-line interface:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2106
msgid "(Moved out of Distutils by Tarek Ziadé.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2109
msgid "pdb"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2111
msgid ""
"The :mod:`pdb` debugger module gained a number of usability improvements:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2113
msgid ""
":file:`pdb.py` now has a ``-c`` option that executes commands as given in a :"
"file:`.pdbrc` script file."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2115
msgid ""
"A :file:`.pdbrc` script file can contain ``continue`` and ``next`` commands "
"that continue debugging."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2117
msgid "The :class:`Pdb` class constructor now accepts a *nosigint* argument."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2118
msgid ""
"New commands: ``l(list)``, ``ll(long list)`` and ``source`` for listing "
"source code."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2120
msgid ""
"New commands: ``display`` and ``undisplay`` for showing or hiding the value "
"of an expression if it has changed."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2122
msgid ""
"New command: ``interact`` for starting an interactive interpreter containing "
"the global and local names found in the current scope."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2124
msgid "Breakpoints can be cleared by breakpoint number."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2126
msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl, Antonio Cuni and Ilya Sandler.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2129
msgid "configparser"
msgstr "configparser"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2131
msgid ""
"The :mod:`configparser` module was modified to improve usability and "
"predictability of the default parser and its supported INI syntax. The old :"
"class:`ConfigParser` class was removed in favor of :class:`SafeConfigParser` "
"which has in turn been renamed to :class:`~configparser.ConfigParser`. "
"Support for inline comments is now turned off by default and section or "
"option duplicates are not allowed in a single configuration source."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2138
msgid "Config parsers gained a new API based on the mapping protocol::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2166
msgid ""
"The new API is implemented on top of the classical API, so custom parser "
"subclasses should be able to use it without modifications."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2169
msgid ""
"The INI file structure accepted by config parsers can now be customized. "
"Users can specify alternative option/value delimiters and comment prefixes, "
"change the name of the *DEFAULT* section or switch the interpolation syntax."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2173
msgid ""
"There is support for pluggable interpolation including an additional "
"interpolation handler :class:`~configparser.ExtendedInterpolation`::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2206
msgid ""
"A number of smaller features were also introduced, like support for "
"specifying encoding in read operations, specifying fallback values for get-"
"functions, or reading directly from dictionaries and strings."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2210
msgid "(All changes contributed by Łukasz Langa.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2215
msgid "urllib.parse"
msgstr "urllib.parse"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2217
msgid ""
"A number of usability improvements were made for the :mod:`urllib.parse` "
"module."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2219
msgid ""
"The :func:`~urllib.parse.urlparse` function now supports `IPv6 <https://en."
"wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6>`_ addresses as described in :rfc:`2732`:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2231
msgid ""
"The :func:`~urllib.parse.urldefrag` function now returns a :term:`named "
"tuple`::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2241
msgid ""
"And, the :func:`~urllib.parse.urlencode` function is now much more flexible, "
"accepting either a string or bytes type for the *query* argument. If it is "
"a string, then the *safe*, *encoding*, and *error* parameters are sent to :"
"func:`~urllib.parse.quote_plus` for encoding::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2252
msgid ""
"As detailed in :ref:`parsing-ascii-encoded-bytes`, all the :mod:`urllib."
"parse` functions now accept ASCII-encoded byte strings as input, so long as "
"they are not mixed with regular strings. If ASCII-encoded byte strings are "
"given as parameters, the return types will also be an ASCII-encoded byte "
"strings:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2261
msgid ""
"(Work by Nick Coghlan, Dan Mahn, and Senthil Kumaran in :issue:`2987`, :"
"issue:`5468`, and :issue:`9873`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2265
msgid "mailbox"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2267
msgid ""
"Thanks to a concerted effort by R. David Murray, the :mod:`mailbox` module "
"has been fixed for Python 3.2. The challenge was that mailbox had been "
"originally designed with a text interface, but email messages are best "
"represented with :class:`bytes` because various parts of a message may have "
"different encodings."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2272
msgid ""
"The solution harnessed the :mod:`email` package's binary support for parsing "
"arbitrary email messages. In addition, the solution required a number of "
"API changes."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2276
msgid ""
"As expected, the :meth:`~mailbox.Mailbox.add` method for :class:`mailbox."
"Mailbox` objects now accepts binary input."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2279
msgid ""
":class:`~io.StringIO` and text file input are deprecated. Also, string "
"input will fail early if non-ASCII characters are used. Previously it would "
"fail when the email was processed in a later step."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2283
msgid ""
"There is also support for binary output. The :meth:`~mailbox.Mailbox."
"get_file` method now returns a file in the binary mode (where it used to "
"incorrectly set the file to text-mode). There is also a new :meth:`~mailbox."
"Mailbox.get_bytes` method that returns a :class:`bytes` representation of a "
"message corresponding to a given *key*."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2289
msgid ""
"It is still possible to get non-binary output using the old API's :meth:"
"`~mailbox.Mailbox.get_string` method, but that approach is not very useful. "
"Instead, it is best to extract messages from a :class:`~mailbox.Message` "
"object or to load them from binary input."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2294
msgid ""
"(Contributed by R. David Murray, with efforts from Steffen Daode Nurpmeso "
"and an initial patch by Victor Stinner in :issue:`9124`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2298
msgid "turtledemo"
msgstr "turtledemo"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2300
msgid ""
"The demonstration code for the :mod:`turtle` module was moved from the "
"*Demo* directory to main library. It includes over a dozen sample scripts "
"with lively displays. Being on :attr:`sys.path`, it can now be run directly "
"from the command-line:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2309
msgid ""
"(Moved from the Demo directory by Alexander Belopolsky in :issue:`10199`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2312
msgid "Multi-threading"
msgstr "Fils d'exécution"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2314
msgid ""
"The mechanism for serializing execution of concurrently running Python "
"threads (generally known as the :term:`GIL` or Global Interpreter Lock) has "
"been rewritten. Among the objectives were more predictable switching "
"intervals and reduced overhead due to lock contention and the number of "
"ensuing system calls. The notion of a \"check interval\" to allow thread "
"switches has been abandoned and replaced by an absolute duration expressed "
"in seconds. This parameter is tunable through :func:`sys."
"setswitchinterval()`. It currently defaults to 5 milliseconds."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2323
msgid ""
"Additional details about the implementation can be read from a `python-dev "
"mailing-list message <https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2009-"
"October/093321.html>`_ (however, \"priority requests\" as exposed in this "
"message have not been kept for inclusion)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2329
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2331
msgid ""
"Regular and recursive locks now accept an optional *timeout* argument to "
"their :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire` method. (Contributed by Antoine "
"Pitrou; :issue:`7316`.)"
msgstr ""
"Les verrous standards et récursifs acceptent désormais un argument optionnel "
"*timeout* à leur méthode :meth:`~threading.Lock.acquire`. (Contribution par "
"Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`7316`)."
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2335
msgid ""
"Similarly, :meth:`threading.Semaphore.acquire` also gained a *timeout* "
"argument. (Contributed by Torsten Landschoff; :issue:`850728`.)"
msgstr ""
"Pareillement, :meth:`threading.Semaphore.acquire` acquière un argument "
"*timeout* (Contribution par Torsten Landschoff; :issue:`850728`)."
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2338
msgid ""
"Regular and recursive lock acquisitions can now be interrupted by signals on "
"platforms using Pthreads. This means that Python programs that deadlock "
"while acquiring locks can be successfully killed by repeatedly sending "
"SIGINT to the process (by pressing :kbd:`Ctrl+C` in most shells). "
"(Contributed by Reid Kleckner; :issue:`8844`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2346
#, fuzzy
msgid "Optimizations"
msgstr "Optimisation"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2348
msgid "A number of small performance enhancements have been added:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2350
msgid ""
"Python's peephole optimizer now recognizes patterns such ``x in {1, 2, 3}`` "
"as being a test for membership in a set of constants. The optimizer recasts "
"the :class:`set` as a :class:`frozenset` and stores the pre-built constant."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2354
msgid ""
"Now that the speed penalty is gone, it is practical to start writing "
"membership tests using set-notation. This style is both semantically clear "
"and operationally fast::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2362
msgid ""
"(Patch and additional tests contributed by Dave Malcolm; :issue:`6690`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2364
msgid ""
"Serializing and unserializing data using the :mod:`pickle` module is now "
"several times faster."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2367
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Alexandre Vassalotti, Antoine Pitrou and the Unladen Swallow "
"team in :issue:`9410` and :issue:`3873`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2370
msgid ""
"The `Timsort algorithm <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort>`_ used in :"
"meth:`list.sort` and :func:`sorted` now runs faster and uses less memory "
"when called with a :term:`key function`. Previously, every element of a "
"list was wrapped with a temporary object that remembered the key value "
"associated with each element. Now, two arrays of keys and values are sorted "
"in parallel. This saves the memory consumed by the sort wrappers, and it "
"saves time lost to delegating comparisons."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2378
msgid "(Patch by Daniel Stutzbach in :issue:`9915`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2380
msgid ""
"JSON decoding performance is improved and memory consumption is reduced "
"whenever the same string is repeated for multiple keys. Also, JSON encoding "
"now uses the C speedups when the ``sort_keys`` argument is true."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2384
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`7451` and by Raymond Hettinger and "
"Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`10314`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2387
msgid ""
"Recursive locks (created with the :func:`threading.RLock` API) now benefit "
"from a C implementation which makes them as fast as regular locks, and "
"between 10x and 15x faster than their previous pure Python implementation."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2391
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`3001`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`3001`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2393
msgid ""
"The fast-search algorithm in stringlib is now used by the :meth:`split`, :"
"meth:`rsplit`, :meth:`splitlines` and :meth:`replace` methods on :class:"
"`bytes`, :class:`bytearray` and :class:`str` objects. Likewise, the "
"algorithm is also used by :meth:`rfind`, :meth:`rindex`, :meth:`rsplit` and :"
"meth:`rpartition`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2399
msgid "(Patch by Florent Xicluna in :issue:`7622` and :issue:`7462`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2402
msgid ""
"Integer to string conversions now work two \"digits\" at a time, reducing "
"the number of division and modulo operations."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2405
msgid "(:issue:`6713` by Gawain Bolton, Mark Dickinson, and Victor Stinner.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2407
msgid ""
"There were several other minor optimizations. Set differencing now runs "
"faster when one operand is much larger than the other (patch by Andress "
"Bennetts in :issue:`8685`). The :meth:`array.repeat` method has a faster "
"implementation (:issue:`1569291` by Alexander Belopolsky). The :class:"
"`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has more efficient buffering (:issue:`3709` by "
"Andrew Schaaf). The :func:`operator.attrgetter` function has been sped-up (:"
"issue:`10160` by Christos Georgiou). And :class:`ConfigParser` loads multi-"
"line arguments a bit faster (:issue:`7113` by Łukasz Langa)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2418
msgid "Unicode"
msgstr "Unicode"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2420
msgid ""
"Python has been updated to `Unicode 6.0.0 <http://unicode.org/versions/"
"Unicode6.0.0/>`_. The update to the standard adds over 2,000 new characters "
"including `emoji <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoji>`_ symbols which are "
"important for mobile phones."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2425
msgid ""
"In addition, the updated standard has altered the character properties for "
"two Kannada characters (U+0CF1, U+0CF2) and one New Tai Lue numeric "
"character (U+19DA), making the former eligible for use in identifiers while "
"disqualifying the latter. For more information, see `Unicode Character "
"Database Changes <http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/"
"#Database_Changes>`_."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2433
msgid "Codecs"
msgstr "Codecs"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2435
msgid "Support was added for *cp720* Arabic DOS encoding (:issue:`1616979`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2437
msgid ""
"MBCS encoding no longer ignores the error handler argument. In the default "
"strict mode, it raises an :exc:`UnicodeDecodeError` when it encounters an "
"undecodable byte sequence and an :exc:`UnicodeEncodeError` for an "
"unencodable character."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2442
msgid ""
"The MBCS codec supports ``'strict'`` and ``'ignore'`` error handlers for "
"decoding, and ``'strict'`` and ``'replace'`` for encoding."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2445
msgid ""
"To emulate Python3.1 MBCS encoding, select the ``'ignore'`` handler for "
"decoding and the ``'replace'`` handler for encoding."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2448
msgid ""
"On Mac OS X, Python decodes command line arguments with ``'utf-8'`` rather "
"than the locale encoding."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2451
msgid ""
"By default, :mod:`tarfile` uses ``'utf-8'`` encoding on Windows (instead of "
"``'mbcs'``) and the ``'surrogateescape'`` error handler on all operating "
"systems."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2457
msgid "Documentation"
msgstr "Documentation"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2459
msgid "The documentation continues to be improved."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2461
msgid ""
"A table of quick links has been added to the top of lengthy sections such "
"as :ref:`built-in-funcs`. In the case of :mod:`itertools`, the links are "
"accompanied by tables of cheatsheet-style summaries to provide an overview "
"and memory jog without having to read all of the docs."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2466
msgid ""
"In some cases, the pure Python source code can be a helpful adjunct to the "
"documentation, so now many modules now feature quick links to the latest "
"version of the source code. For example, the :mod:`functools` module "
"documentation has a quick link at the top labeled:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2471
#, fuzzy
msgid "**Source code** :source:`Lib/functools.py`."
msgstr "**Code source :** :source:`Lib/functools.py`"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2473
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; see `rationale <https://rhettinger."
"wordpress.com/2011/01/28/open-your-source-more/>`_.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2476
msgid ""
"The docs now contain more examples and recipes. In particular, :mod:`re` "
"module has an extensive section, :ref:`re-examples`. Likewise, the :mod:"
"`itertools` module continues to be updated with new :ref:`itertools-recipes`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2481
msgid ""
"The :mod:`datetime` module now has an auxiliary implementation in pure "
"Python. No functionality was changed. This just provides an easier-to-read "
"alternate implementation."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2485
msgid "(Contributed by Alexander Belopolsky in :issue:`9528`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Alexander Belopolsky; :issue:`9528`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2487
msgid ""
"The unmaintained :file:`Demo` directory has been removed. Some demos were "
"integrated into the documentation, some were moved to the :file:`Tools/demo` "
"directory, and others were removed altogether."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2491
msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl in :issue:`7962`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Georg Brandl; :issue:`7962`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2495
msgid "IDLE"
msgstr "IDLE"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2497
msgid ""
"The format menu now has an option to clean source files by stripping "
"trailing whitespace."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2500
msgid "(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`5150`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`5150`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2502
msgid "IDLE on Mac OS X now works with both Carbon AquaTk and Cocoa AquaTk."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2504
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Kevin Walzer, Ned Deily, and Ronald Oussoren; :issue:`6075`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2507
msgid "Code Repository"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2509
msgid ""
"In addition to the existing Subversion code repository at http://svn.python."
"org there is now a `Mercurial <https://www.mercurial-scm.org/>`_ repository "
"at https://hg.python.org/\\ ."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2513
msgid ""
"After the 3.2 release, there are plans to switch to Mercurial as the primary "
"repository. This distributed version control system should make it easier "
"for members of the community to create and share external changesets. See :"
"pep:`385` for details."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2518
msgid ""
"To learn to use the new version control system, see the `Quick Start "
"<https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/QuickStart>`_ or the `Guide to Mercurial "
"Workflows <https://www.mercurial-scm.org/guide>`_."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2524
msgid "Build and C API Changes"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2526
msgid "Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2528
msgid ""
"The *idle*, *pydoc* and *2to3* scripts are now installed with a version-"
"specific suffix on ``make altinstall`` (:issue:`10679`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2531
msgid ""
"The C functions that access the Unicode Database now accept and return "
"characters from the full Unicode range, even on narrow unicode builds "
"(Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER, Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL, and others). A visible "
"difference in Python is that :func:`unicodedata.numeric` now returns the "
"correct value for large code points, and :func:`repr` may consider more "
"characters as printable."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2538
msgid ""
"(Reported by Bupjoe Lee and fixed by Amaury Forgeot D'Arc; :issue:`5127`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2540
msgid ""
"Computed gotos are now enabled by default on supported compilers (which are "
"detected by the configure script). They can still be disabled selectively "
"by specifying ``--without-computed-gotos``."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2544
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9203`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`9203`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2546
msgid ""
"The option ``--with-wctype-functions`` was removed. The built-in unicode "
"database is now used for all functions."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2549
msgid "(Contributed by Amaury Forgeot D'Arc; :issue:`9210`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Amaury Forgeot D'Arc; :issue:`9210`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2551
msgid ""
"Hash values are now values of a new type, :c:type:`Py_hash_t`, which is "
"defined to be the same size as a pointer. Previously they were of type "
"long, which on some 64-bit operating systems is still only 32 bits long. As "
"a result of this fix, :class:`set` and :class:`dict` can now hold more than "
"``2**32`` entries on builds with 64-bit pointers (previously, they could "
"grow to that size but their performance degraded catastrophically)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2558
msgid ""
"(Suggested by Raymond Hettinger and implemented by Benjamin Peterson; :issue:"
"`9778`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2561
msgid ""
"A new macro :c:macro:`Py_VA_COPY` copies the state of the variable argument "
"list. It is equivalent to C99 *va_copy* but available on all Python "
"platforms (:issue:`2443`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2565
msgid ""
"A new C API function :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` allows an embedded "
"interpreter to set :attr:`sys.argv` without also modifying :attr:`sys.path` "
"(:issue:`5753`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2569
msgid ""
":c:macro:`PyEval_CallObject` is now only available in macro form. The "
"function declaration, which was kept for backwards compatibility reasons, is "
"now removed -- the macro was introduced in 1997 (:issue:`8276`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2573
msgid ""
"There is a new function :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow` which is "
"analogous to :c:func:`PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow`. They both serve to convert "
"Python :class:`int` into a native fixed-width type while providing detection "
"of cases where the conversion won't fit (:issue:`7767`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2578
msgid ""
"The :c:func:`PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString` function now returns *not "
"equal* if the Python string is *NUL* terminated."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2581
msgid ""
"There is a new function :c:func:`PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc` that is like :c:"
"func:`PyErr_NewException` but allows a docstring to be specified. This lets "
"C exceptions have the same self-documenting capabilities as their pure "
"Python counterparts (:issue:`7033`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2586
msgid ""
"When compiled with the ``--with-valgrind`` option, the pymalloc allocator "
"will be automatically disabled when running under Valgrind. This gives "
"improved memory leak detection when running under Valgrind, while taking "
"advantage of pymalloc at other times (:issue:`2422`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2591
msgid ""
"Removed the ``O?`` format from the *PyArg_Parse* functions. The format is "
"no longer used and it had never been documented (:issue:`8837`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2594
msgid ""
"There were a number of other small changes to the C-API. See the :source:"
"`Misc/NEWS` file for a complete list."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2597
msgid ""
"Also, there were a number of updates to the Mac OS X build, see :source:`Mac/"
"BuildScript/README.txt` for details. For users running a 32/64-bit build, "
"there is a known problem with the default Tcl/Tk on Mac OS X 10.6. "
"Accordingly, we recommend installing an updated alternative such as "
"`ActiveState Tcl/Tk 8.5.9 <https://www.activestate.com/activetcl/"
"downloads>`_\\. See https://www.python.org/download/mac/tcltk/ for "
"additional details."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2605
msgid "Porting to Python 3.2"
msgstr "Portage vers Python 3.2"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2607
msgid ""
"This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may "
"require changes to your code:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2610
msgid ""
"The :mod:`configparser` module has a number of clean-ups. The major change "
"is to replace the old :class:`ConfigParser` class with long-standing "
"preferred alternative :class:`SafeConfigParser`. In addition there are a "
"number of smaller incompatibilities:"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2615
msgid ""
"The interpolation syntax is now validated on :meth:`~configparser."
"ConfigParser.get` and :meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.set` operations. In "
"the default interpolation scheme, only two tokens with percent signs are "
"valid: ``%(name)s`` and ``%%``, the latter being an escaped percent sign."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2621
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~configparser.ConfigParser.set` and :meth:`~configparser."
"ConfigParser.add_section` methods now verify that values are actual "
"strings. Formerly, unsupported types could be introduced unintentionally."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2626
msgid ""
"Duplicate sections or options from a single source now raise either :exc:"
"`~configparser.DuplicateSectionError` or :exc:`~configparser."
"DuplicateOptionError`. Formerly, duplicates would silently overwrite a "
"previous entry."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2631
msgid ""
"Inline comments are now disabled by default so now the **;** character can "
"be safely used in values."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2634
msgid ""
"Comments now can be indented. Consequently, for **;** or **#** to appear at "
"the start of a line in multiline values, it has to be interpolated. This "
"keeps comment prefix characters in values from being mistaken as comments."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2638
msgid ""
"``\"\"`` is now a valid value and is no longer automatically converted to an "
"empty string. For empty strings, use ``\"option =\"`` in a line."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2641
msgid ""
"The :mod:`nntplib` module was reworked extensively, meaning that its APIs "
"are often incompatible with the 3.1 APIs."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2644
msgid ""
":class:`bytearray` objects can no longer be used as filenames; instead, they "
"should be converted to :class:`bytes`."
msgstr ""
"Les objets :class:`bytearray` ne peuvent plus être utilisés en tant que nom "
"de fichiers : ils doivent être convertis en :class:`bytes` à la place."
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2647
msgid ""
"The :meth:`array.tostring` and :meth:`array.fromstring` have been renamed "
"to :meth:`array.tobytes` and :meth:`array.frombytes` for clarity. The old "
"names have been deprecated. (See :issue:`8990`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2651
msgid "``PyArg_Parse*()`` functions:"
msgstr "Les fonctions ``PyArg_Parse*()`` :"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2653
msgid "\"t#\" format has been removed: use \"s#\" or \"s*\" instead"
msgstr "Le format \"t#\" a été supprimé : utiliser \"s#\" ou \"s*\" à la place"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2654
msgid "\"w\" and \"w#\" formats has been removed: use \"w*\" instead"
msgstr ""
"Les formats \"w\" et \"w#\" ont été supprimés : utiliser \"w*\" à la place"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2656
msgid ""
"The :c:type:`PyCObject` type, deprecated in 3.1, has been removed. To wrap "
"opaque C pointers in Python objects, the :c:type:`PyCapsule` API should be "
"used instead; the new type has a well-defined interface for passing typing "
"safety information and a less complicated signature for calling a destructor."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2661
msgid ""
"The :func:`sys.setfilesystemencoding` function was removed because it had a "
"flawed design."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2664
msgid ""
"The :func:`random.seed` function and method now salt string seeds with an "
"sha512 hash function. To access the previous version of *seed* in order to "
"reproduce Python 3.1 sequences, set the *version* argument to *1*, ``random."
"seed(s, version=1)``."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2669
msgid ""
"The previously deprecated :func:`string.maketrans` function has been removed "
"in favor of the static methods :meth:`bytes.maketrans` and :meth:`bytearray."
"maketrans`. This change solves the confusion around which types were "
"supported by the :mod:`string` module. Now, :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`, "
"and :class:`bytearray` each have their own **maketrans** and **translate** "
"methods with intermediate translation tables of the appropriate type."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2677
msgid "(Contributed by Georg Brandl; :issue:`5675`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Georg Brandl; :issue:`5675`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2679
msgid ""
"The previously deprecated :func:`contextlib.nested` function has been "
"removed in favor of a plain :keyword:`with` statement which can accept "
"multiple context managers. The latter technique is faster (because it is "
"built-in), and it does a better job finalizing multiple context managers "
"when one of them raises an exception::"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2690
msgid ""
"(Contributed by Georg Brandl and Mattias Brändström; `appspot issue 53094 "
"<https://codereview.appspot.com/53094>`_.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2693
msgid ""
":func:`struct.pack` now only allows bytes for the ``s`` string pack code. "
"Formerly, it would accept text arguments and implicitly encode them to bytes "
"using UTF-8. This was problematic because it made assumptions about the "
"correct encoding and because a variable-length encoding can fail when "
"writing to fixed length segment of a structure."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2699
msgid ""
"Code such as ``struct.pack('<6sHHBBB', 'GIF87a', x, y)`` should be rewritten "
"with to use bytes instead of text, ``struct.pack('<6sHHBBB', b'GIF87a', x, "
"y)``."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2702
msgid ""
"(Discovered by David Beazley and fixed by Victor Stinner; :issue:`10783`.)"
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2704
msgid ""
"The :class:`xml.etree.ElementTree` class now raises an :exc:`xml.etree."
"ElementTree.ParseError` when a parse fails. Previously it raised an :exc:"
"`xml.parsers.expat.ExpatError`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2708
msgid ""
"The new, longer :func:`str` value on floats may break doctests which rely on "
"the old output format."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2711
msgid ""
"In :class:`subprocess.Popen`, the default value for *close_fds* is now "
"``True`` under Unix; under Windows, it is ``True`` if the three standard "
"streams are set to ``None``, ``False`` otherwise. Previously, *close_fds* "
"was always ``False`` by default, which produced difficult to solve bugs or "
"race conditions when open file descriptors would leak into the child process."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2718
msgid ""
"Support for legacy HTTP 0.9 has been removed from :mod:`urllib.request` and :"
"mod:`http.client`. Such support is still present on the server side (in :"
"mod:`http.server`)."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2722
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`10711`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`10711`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2724
msgid ""
"SSL sockets in timeout mode now raise :exc:`socket.timeout` when a timeout "
"occurs, rather than a generic :exc:`~ssl.SSLError`."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2727
msgid "(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou, :issue:`10272`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Antoine Pitrou; :issue:`10272`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2729
msgid ""
"The misleading functions :c:func:`PyEval_AcquireLock()` and :c:func:"
"`PyEval_ReleaseLock()` have been officially deprecated. The thread-state "
"aware APIs (such as :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread()` and :c:func:"
"`PyEval_RestoreThread()`) should be used instead."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2734
msgid ""
"Due to security risks, :func:`asyncore.handle_accept` has been deprecated, "
"and a new function, :func:`asyncore.handle_accepted`, was added to replace "
"it."
msgstr ""
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2737
msgid "(Contributed by Giampaolo Rodola in :issue:`6706`.)"
msgstr "(Contribution par Giampaolo Rodola; :issue:`6706`.)"
#: whatsnew/3.2.rst:2739
msgid ""
"Due to the new :term:`GIL` implementation, :c:func:`PyEval_InitThreads()` "
"cannot be called before :c:func:`Py_Initialize()` anymore."
msgstr ""