forked from AFPy/python-docs-fr
3089 lines
106 KiB
Plaintext
3089 lines
106 KiB
Plaintext
# Copyright (C) 2001-2018, Python Software Foundation
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# For licence information, see README file.
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#
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msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n"
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"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-06-28 15:29+0200\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-09-30 22:25+0200\n"
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"Last-Translator: Julien Palard <julien@palard.fr>\n"
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"Language-Team: FRENCH <traductions@lists.afpy.org>\n"
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"Language: fr\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.11\n"
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2
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msgid ":mod:`multiprocessing` --- Process-based parallelism"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:7
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msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/multiprocessing/`"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:12
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msgid "Introduction"
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msgstr "Introduction"
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:14
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msgid ""
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":mod:`multiprocessing` is a package that supports spawning processes using "
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"an API similar to the :mod:`threading` module. The :mod:`multiprocessing` "
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"package offers both local and remote concurrency, effectively side-stepping "
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"the :term:`Global Interpreter Lock` by using subprocesses instead of "
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"threads. Due to this, the :mod:`multiprocessing` module allows the "
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"programmer to fully leverage multiple processors on a given machine. It "
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"runs on both Unix and Windows."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:22
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msgid ""
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"The :mod:`multiprocessing` module also introduces APIs which do not have "
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"analogs in the :mod:`threading` module. A prime example of this is the :"
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"class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool` object which offers a convenient means of "
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"parallelizing the execution of a function across multiple input values, "
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"distributing the input data across processes (data parallelism). The "
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"following example demonstrates the common practice of defining such "
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"functions in a module so that child processes can successfully import that "
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"module. This basic example of data parallelism using :class:"
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"`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool`, ::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:40
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msgid "will print to standard output ::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:46
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msgid "The :class:`Process` class"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:48
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msgid ""
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"In :mod:`multiprocessing`, processes are spawned by creating a :class:"
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"`Process` object and then calling its :meth:`~Process.start` method. :class:"
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"`Process` follows the API of :class:`threading.Thread`. A trivial example "
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"of a multiprocess program is ::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:63
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msgid ""
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"To show the individual process IDs involved, here is an expanded example::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:84
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msgid ""
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"For an explanation of why the ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` part is "
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"necessary, see :ref:`multiprocessing-programming`."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:90
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msgid "Contexts and start methods"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:94
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msgid ""
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"Depending on the platform, :mod:`multiprocessing` supports three ways to "
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"start a process. These *start methods* are"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:105
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msgid "*spawn*"
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msgstr "*spawn*"
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:98
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msgid ""
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"The parent process starts a fresh python interpreter process. The child "
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"process will only inherit those resources necessary to run the process "
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"objects :meth:`~Process.run` method. In particular, unnecessary file "
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"descriptors and handles from the parent process will not be inherited. "
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"Starting a process using this method is rather slow compared to using *fork* "
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"or *forkserver*."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:105
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msgid "Available on Unix and Windows. The default on Windows."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:114
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msgid "*fork*"
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msgstr "*fork*"
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:108
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msgid ""
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"The parent process uses :func:`os.fork` to fork the Python interpreter. The "
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"child process, when it begins, is effectively identical to the parent "
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"process. All resources of the parent are inherited by the child process. "
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"Note that safely forking a multithreaded process is problematic."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:114
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msgid "Available on Unix only. The default on Unix."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:125
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msgid "*forkserver*"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:117
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msgid ""
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"When the program starts and selects the *forkserver* start method, a server "
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"process is started. From then on, whenever a new process is needed, the "
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"parent process connects to the server and requests that it fork a new "
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"process. The fork server process is single threaded so it is safe for it to "
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"use :func:`os.fork`. No unnecessary resources are inherited."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:124
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msgid ""
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"Available on Unix platforms which support passing file descriptors over Unix "
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"pipes."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:127
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msgid ""
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"*spawn* added on all unix platforms, and *forkserver* added for some unix "
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"platforms. Child processes no longer inherit all of the parents inheritable "
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"handles on Windows."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:133
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msgid ""
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"On Unix using the *spawn* or *forkserver* start methods will also start a "
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"*semaphore tracker* process which tracks the unlinked named semaphores "
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"created by processes of the program. When all processes have exited the "
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"semaphore tracker unlinks any remaining semaphores. Usually there should be "
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"none, but if a process was killed by a signal there may be some \"leaked\" "
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"semaphores. (Unlinking the named semaphores is a serious matter since the "
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"system allows only a limited number, and they will not be automatically "
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"unlinked until the next reboot.)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:142
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msgid ""
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"To select a start method you use the :func:`set_start_method` in the ``if "
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"__name__ == '__main__'`` clause of the main module. For example::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:159
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msgid ""
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":func:`set_start_method` should not be used more than once in the program."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:162
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msgid ""
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"Alternatively, you can use :func:`get_context` to obtain a context object. "
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"Context objects have the same API as the multiprocessing module, and allow "
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"one to use multiple start methods in the same program. ::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:180
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msgid ""
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"Note that objects related to one context may not be compatible with "
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"processes for a different context. In particular, locks created using the "
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"*fork* context cannot be passed to processes started using the *spawn* or "
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"*forkserver* start methods."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:185
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msgid ""
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"A library which wants to use a particular start method should probably use :"
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"func:`get_context` to avoid interfering with the choice of the library user."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:191
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msgid "Exchanging objects between processes"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:193
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msgid ""
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":mod:`multiprocessing` supports two types of communication channel between "
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"processes:"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:196
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msgid "**Queues**"
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msgstr "**Queues**"
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:198
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msgid ""
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"The :class:`Queue` class is a near clone of :class:`queue.Queue`. For "
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"example::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:213
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msgid "Queues are thread and process safe."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:215
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msgid "**Pipes**"
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msgstr "**Pipes**"
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:217
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msgid ""
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"The :func:`Pipe` function returns a pair of connection objects connected by "
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"a pipe which by default is duplex (two-way). For example::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:233
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msgid ""
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"The two connection objects returned by :func:`Pipe` represent the two ends "
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"of the pipe. Each connection object has :meth:`~Connection.send` and :meth:"
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"`~Connection.recv` methods (among others). Note that data in a pipe may "
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"become corrupted if two processes (or threads) try to read from or write to "
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"the *same* end of the pipe at the same time. Of course there is no risk of "
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"corruption from processes using different ends of the pipe at the same time."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:243
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msgid "Synchronization between processes"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:245
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msgid ""
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":mod:`multiprocessing` contains equivalents of all the synchronization "
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"primitives from :mod:`threading`. For instance one can use a lock to ensure "
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"that only one process prints to standard output at a time::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:264
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msgid ""
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"Without using the lock output from the different processes is liable to get "
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"all mixed up."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:269
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msgid "Sharing state between processes"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:271
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msgid ""
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"As mentioned above, when doing concurrent programming it is usually best to "
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"avoid using shared state as far as possible. This is particularly true when "
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"using multiple processes."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:275
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msgid ""
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"However, if you really do need to use some shared data then :mod:"
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"`multiprocessing` provides a couple of ways of doing so."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:278
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msgid "**Shared memory**"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:280
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msgid ""
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"Data can be stored in a shared memory map using :class:`Value` or :class:"
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"`Array`. For example, the following code ::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:301
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:347
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msgid "will print ::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:306
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msgid ""
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"The ``'d'`` and ``'i'`` arguments used when creating ``num`` and ``arr`` are "
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"typecodes of the kind used by the :mod:`array` module: ``'d'`` indicates a "
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"double precision float and ``'i'`` indicates a signed integer. These shared "
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"objects will be process and thread-safe."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:311
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msgid ""
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"For more flexibility in using shared memory one can use the :mod:"
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"`multiprocessing.sharedctypes` module which supports the creation of "
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"arbitrary ctypes objects allocated from shared memory."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:315
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msgid "**Server process**"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:317
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msgid ""
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"A manager object returned by :func:`Manager` controls a server process which "
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"holds Python objects and allows other processes to manipulate them using "
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"proxies."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:321
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msgid ""
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"A manager returned by :func:`Manager` will support types :class:`list`, :"
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"class:`dict`, :class:`~managers.Namespace`, :class:`Lock`, :class:`RLock`, :"
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"class:`Semaphore`, :class:`BoundedSemaphore`, :class:`Condition`, :class:"
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"`Event`, :class:`Barrier`, :class:`Queue`, :class:`Value` and :class:"
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"`Array`. For example, ::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:352
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msgid ""
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"Server process managers are more flexible than using shared memory objects "
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"because they can be made to support arbitrary object types. Also, a single "
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"manager can be shared by processes on different computers over a network. "
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"They are, however, slower than using shared memory."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:359
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msgid "Using a pool of workers"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:361
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msgid ""
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"The :class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool` class represents a pool of worker "
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"processes. It has methods which allows tasks to be offloaded to the worker "
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"processes in a few different ways."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:365
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msgid "For example::"
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msgstr "Par exemple ::"
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:409
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msgid ""
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"Note that the methods of a pool should only ever be used by the process "
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"which created it."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:414
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msgid ""
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"Functionality within this package requires that the ``__main__`` module be "
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"importable by the children. This is covered in :ref:`multiprocessing-"
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"programming` however it is worth pointing out here. This means that some "
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"examples, such as the :class:`multiprocessing.pool.Pool` examples will not "
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"work in the interactive interpreter. For example::"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:436
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msgid ""
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"(If you try this it will actually output three full tracebacks interleaved "
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"in a semi-random fashion, and then you may have to stop the master process "
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"somehow.)"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:442
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msgid "Reference"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:444
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msgid ""
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"The :mod:`multiprocessing` package mostly replicates the API of the :mod:"
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"`threading` module."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:449
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msgid ":class:`Process` and exceptions"
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:454
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msgid ""
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"Process objects represent activity that is run in a separate process. The :"
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"class:`Process` class has equivalents of all the methods of :class:"
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"`threading.Thread`."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:458
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msgid ""
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"The constructor should always be called with keyword arguments. *group* "
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"should always be ``None``; it exists solely for compatibility with :class:"
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"`threading.Thread`. *target* is the callable object to be invoked by the :"
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"meth:`run()` method. It defaults to ``None``, meaning nothing is called. "
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"*name* is the process name (see :attr:`name` for more details). *args* is "
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"the argument tuple for the target invocation. *kwargs* is a dictionary of "
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"keyword arguments for the target invocation. If provided, the keyword-only "
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"*daemon* argument sets the process :attr:`daemon` flag to ``True`` or "
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"``False``. If ``None`` (the default), this flag will be inherited from the "
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"creating process."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:469
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msgid "By default, no arguments are passed to *target*."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:471
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msgid ""
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"If a subclass overrides the constructor, it must make sure it invokes the "
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"base class constructor (:meth:`Process.__init__`) before doing anything else "
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"to the process."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:475
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msgid "Added the *daemon* argument."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:480
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msgid "Method representing the process's activity."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:482
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msgid ""
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"You may override this method in a subclass. The standard :meth:`run` method "
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"invokes the callable object passed to the object's constructor as the target "
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"argument, if any, with sequential and keyword arguments taken from the "
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"*args* and *kwargs* arguments, respectively."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:489
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msgid "Start the process's activity."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:491
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msgid ""
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"This must be called at most once per process object. It arranges for the "
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"object's :meth:`run` method to be invoked in a separate process."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:496
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msgid ""
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"If the optional argument *timeout* is ``None`` (the default), the method "
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"blocks until the process whose :meth:`join` method is called terminates. If "
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"*timeout* is a positive number, it blocks at most *timeout* seconds. Note "
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"that the method returns ``None`` if its process terminates or if the method "
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"times out. Check the process's :attr:`exitcode` to determine if it "
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"terminated."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:503
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msgid "A process can be joined many times."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:505
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msgid ""
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"A process cannot join itself because this would cause a deadlock. It is an "
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"error to attempt to join a process before it has been started."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:510
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msgid ""
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"The process's name. The name is a string used for identification purposes "
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"only. It has no semantics. Multiple processes may be given the same name."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:514
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msgid ""
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"The initial name is set by the constructor. If no explicit name is provided "
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"to the constructor, a name of the form 'Process-N\\ :sub:`1`:N\\ :sub:"
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"`2`:...:N\\ :sub:`k`' is constructed, where each N\\ :sub:`k` is the N-th "
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"child of its parent."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:521
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msgid "Return whether the process is alive."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:523
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msgid ""
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"Roughly, a process object is alive from the moment the :meth:`start` method "
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"returns until the child process terminates."
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msgstr ""
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#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:528
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msgid ""
|
||
"The process's daemon flag, a Boolean value. This must be set before :meth:"
|
||
"`start` is called."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:531
|
||
msgid "The initial value is inherited from the creating process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:533
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When a process exits, it attempts to terminate all of its daemonic child "
|
||
"processes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:536
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that a daemonic process is not allowed to create child processes. "
|
||
"Otherwise a daemonic process would leave its children orphaned if it gets "
|
||
"terminated when its parent process exits. Additionally, these are **not** "
|
||
"Unix daemons or services, they are normal processes that will be terminated "
|
||
"(and not joined) if non-daemonic processes have exited."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:542
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"In addition to the :class:`threading.Thread` API, :class:`Process` objects "
|
||
"also support the following attributes and methods:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:547
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return the process ID. Before the process is spawned, this will be ``None``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:552
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The child's exit code. This will be ``None`` if the process has not yet "
|
||
"terminated. A negative value *-N* indicates that the child was terminated "
|
||
"by signal *N*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:558
|
||
msgid "The process's authentication key (a byte string)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:560
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When :mod:`multiprocessing` is initialized the main process is assigned a "
|
||
"random string using :func:`os.urandom`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:563
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When a :class:`Process` object is created, it will inherit the "
|
||
"authentication key of its parent process, although this may be changed by "
|
||
"setting :attr:`authkey` to another byte string."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:567
|
||
msgid "See :ref:`multiprocessing-auth-keys`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:571
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A numeric handle of a system object which will become \"ready\" when the "
|
||
"process ends."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:574
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"You can use this value if you want to wait on several events at once using :"
|
||
"func:`multiprocessing.connection.wait`. Otherwise calling :meth:`join()` is "
|
||
"simpler."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:578
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"On Windows, this is an OS handle usable with the ``WaitForSingleObject`` and "
|
||
"``WaitForMultipleObjects`` family of API calls. On Unix, this is a file "
|
||
"descriptor usable with primitives from the :mod:`select` module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:586
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Terminate the process. On Unix this is done using the ``SIGTERM`` signal; "
|
||
"on Windows :c:func:`TerminateProcess` is used. Note that exit handlers and "
|
||
"finally clauses, etc., will not be executed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:590
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that descendant processes of the process will *not* be terminated -- "
|
||
"they will simply become orphaned."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:595
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If this method is used when the associated process is using a pipe or queue "
|
||
"then the pipe or queue is liable to become corrupted and may become unusable "
|
||
"by other process. Similarly, if the process has acquired a lock or "
|
||
"semaphore etc. then terminating it is liable to cause other processes to "
|
||
"deadlock."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:603
|
||
msgid "Same as :meth:`terminate()` but using the ``SIGKILL`` signal on Unix."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:609
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Close the :class:`Process` object, releasing all resources associated with "
|
||
"it. :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the underlying process is still "
|
||
"running. Once :meth:`close` returns successfully, most other methods and "
|
||
"attributes of the :class:`Process` object will raise :exc:`ValueError`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:617
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that the :meth:`start`, :meth:`join`, :meth:`is_alive`, :meth:"
|
||
"`terminate` and :attr:`exitcode` methods should only be called by the "
|
||
"process that created the process object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:621
|
||
msgid "Example usage of some of the methods of :class:`Process`:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:641
|
||
msgid "The base class of all :mod:`multiprocessing` exceptions."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:645
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Exception raised by :meth:`Connection.recv_bytes_into()` when the supplied "
|
||
"buffer object is too small for the message read."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:648
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If ``e`` is an instance of :exc:`BufferTooShort` then ``e.args[0]`` will "
|
||
"give the message as a byte string."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:653
|
||
msgid "Raised when there is an authentication error."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:657
|
||
msgid "Raised by methods with a timeout when the timeout expires."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:660
|
||
msgid "Pipes and Queues"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:662
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When using multiple processes, one generally uses message passing for "
|
||
"communication between processes and avoids having to use any synchronization "
|
||
"primitives like locks."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:666
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For passing messages one can use :func:`Pipe` (for a connection between two "
|
||
"processes) or a queue (which allows multiple producers and consumers)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:669
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The :class:`Queue`, :class:`SimpleQueue` and :class:`JoinableQueue` types "
|
||
"are multi-producer, multi-consumer :abbr:`FIFO (first-in, first-out)` queues "
|
||
"modelled on the :class:`queue.Queue` class in the standard library. They "
|
||
"differ in that :class:`Queue` lacks the :meth:`~queue.Queue.task_done` and :"
|
||
"meth:`~queue.Queue.join` methods introduced into Python 2.5's :class:`queue."
|
||
"Queue` class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:676
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If you use :class:`JoinableQueue` then you **must** call :meth:"
|
||
"`JoinableQueue.task_done` for each task removed from the queue or else the "
|
||
"semaphore used to count the number of unfinished tasks may eventually "
|
||
"overflow, raising an exception."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:681
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that one can also create a shared queue by using a manager object -- "
|
||
"see :ref:`multiprocessing-managers`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:686
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":mod:`multiprocessing` uses the usual :exc:`queue.Empty` and :exc:`queue."
|
||
"Full` exceptions to signal a timeout. They are not available in the :mod:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing` namespace so you need to import them from :mod:`queue`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:693
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When an object is put on a queue, the object is pickled and a background "
|
||
"thread later flushes the pickled data to an underlying pipe. This has some "
|
||
"consequences which are a little surprising, but should not cause any "
|
||
"practical difficulties -- if they really bother you then you can instead use "
|
||
"a queue created with a :ref:`manager <multiprocessing-managers>`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:700
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"After putting an object on an empty queue there may be an infinitesimal "
|
||
"delay before the queue's :meth:`~Queue.empty` method returns :const:`False` "
|
||
"and :meth:`~Queue.get_nowait` can return without raising :exc:`queue.Empty`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:705
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If multiple processes are enqueuing objects, it is possible for the objects "
|
||
"to be received at the other end out-of-order. However, objects enqueued by "
|
||
"the same process will always be in the expected order with respect to each "
|
||
"other."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:712
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a process is killed using :meth:`Process.terminate` or :func:`os.kill` "
|
||
"while it is trying to use a :class:`Queue`, then the data in the queue is "
|
||
"likely to become corrupted. This may cause any other process to get an "
|
||
"exception when it tries to use the queue later on."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:719
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"As mentioned above, if a child process has put items on a queue (and it has "
|
||
"not used :meth:`JoinableQueue.cancel_join_thread <multiprocessing.Queue."
|
||
"cancel_join_thread>`), then that process will not terminate until all "
|
||
"buffered items have been flushed to the pipe."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:724
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This means that if you try joining that process you may get a deadlock "
|
||
"unless you are sure that all items which have been put on the queue have "
|
||
"been consumed. Similarly, if the child process is non-daemonic then the "
|
||
"parent process may hang on exit when it tries to join all its non-daemonic "
|
||
"children."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:729
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that a queue created using a manager does not have this issue. See :"
|
||
"ref:`multiprocessing-programming`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:732
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For an example of the usage of queues for interprocess communication see :"
|
||
"ref:`multiprocessing-examples`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:738
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Returns a pair ``(conn1, conn2)`` of :class:`~multiprocessing.connection."
|
||
"Connection` objects representing the ends of a pipe."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:742
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *duplex* is ``True`` (the default) then the pipe is bidirectional. If "
|
||
"*duplex* is ``False`` then the pipe is unidirectional: ``conn1`` can only be "
|
||
"used for receiving messages and ``conn2`` can only be used for sending "
|
||
"messages."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:750
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Returns a process shared queue implemented using a pipe and a few locks/"
|
||
"semaphores. When a process first puts an item on the queue a feeder thread "
|
||
"is started which transfers objects from a buffer into the pipe."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:754
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The usual :exc:`queue.Empty` and :exc:`queue.Full` exceptions from the "
|
||
"standard library's :mod:`queue` module are raised to signal timeouts."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:757
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":class:`Queue` implements all the methods of :class:`queue.Queue` except "
|
||
"for :meth:`~queue.Queue.task_done` and :meth:`~queue.Queue.join`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:762
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return the approximate size of the queue. Because of multithreading/"
|
||
"multiprocessing semantics, this number is not reliable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:765
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that this may raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` on Unix platforms like "
|
||
"Mac OS X where ``sem_getvalue()`` is not implemented."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:770
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return ``True`` if the queue is empty, ``False`` otherwise. Because of "
|
||
"multithreading/multiprocessing semantics, this is not reliable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:775
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return ``True`` if the queue is full, ``False`` otherwise. Because of "
|
||
"multithreading/multiprocessing semantics, this is not reliable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:780
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Put obj into the queue. If the optional argument *block* is ``True`` (the "
|
||
"default) and *timeout* is ``None`` (the default), block if necessary until a "
|
||
"free slot is available. If *timeout* is a positive number, it blocks at "
|
||
"most *timeout* seconds and raises the :exc:`queue.Full` exception if no free "
|
||
"slot was available within that time. Otherwise (*block* is ``False``), put "
|
||
"an item on the queue if a free slot is immediately available, else raise "
|
||
"the :exc:`queue.Full` exception (*timeout* is ignored in that case)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:791
|
||
msgid "Equivalent to ``put(obj, False)``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:795
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Remove and return an item from the queue. If optional args *block* is "
|
||
"``True`` (the default) and *timeout* is ``None`` (the default), block if "
|
||
"necessary until an item is available. If *timeout* is a positive number, it "
|
||
"blocks at most *timeout* seconds and raises the :exc:`queue.Empty` exception "
|
||
"if no item was available within that time. Otherwise (block is ``False``), "
|
||
"return an item if one is immediately available, else raise the :exc:`queue."
|
||
"Empty` exception (*timeout* is ignored in that case)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:805
|
||
msgid "Equivalent to ``get(False)``."
|
||
msgstr "Équivalent à ``get(False)``."
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:807
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":class:`multiprocessing.Queue` has a few additional methods not found in :"
|
||
"class:`queue.Queue`. These methods are usually unnecessary for most code:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:813
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Indicate that no more data will be put on this queue by the current "
|
||
"process. The background thread will quit once it has flushed all buffered "
|
||
"data to the pipe. This is called automatically when the queue is garbage "
|
||
"collected."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:820
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Join the background thread. This can only be used after :meth:`close` has "
|
||
"been called. It blocks until the background thread exits, ensuring that all "
|
||
"data in the buffer has been flushed to the pipe."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:824
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"By default if a process is not the creator of the queue then on exit it will "
|
||
"attempt to join the queue's background thread. The process can call :meth:"
|
||
"`cancel_join_thread` to make :meth:`join_thread` do nothing."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:830
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Prevent :meth:`join_thread` from blocking. In particular, this prevents the "
|
||
"background thread from being joined automatically when the process exits -- "
|
||
"see :meth:`join_thread`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:834
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A better name for this method might be ``allow_exit_without_flush()``. It "
|
||
"is likely to cause enqueued data to lost, and you almost certainly will not "
|
||
"need to use it. It is really only there if you need the current process to "
|
||
"exit immediately without waiting to flush enqueued data to the underlying "
|
||
"pipe, and you don't care about lost data."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:843
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This class's functionality requires a functioning shared semaphore "
|
||
"implementation on the host operating system. Without one, the functionality "
|
||
"in this class will be disabled, and attempts to instantiate a :class:`Queue` "
|
||
"will result in an :exc:`ImportError`. See :issue:`3770` for additional "
|
||
"information. The same holds true for any of the specialized queue types "
|
||
"listed below."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:852
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"It is a simplified :class:`Queue` type, very close to a locked :class:`Pipe`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:856
|
||
msgid "Return ``True`` if the queue is empty, ``False`` otherwise."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:860
|
||
msgid "Remove and return an item from the queue."
|
||
msgstr "Supprime et donne un élément de la queue."
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:864
|
||
msgid "Put *item* into the queue."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:869
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":class:`JoinableQueue`, a :class:`Queue` subclass, is a queue which "
|
||
"additionally has :meth:`task_done` and :meth:`join` methods."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:874
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Indicate that a formerly enqueued task is complete. Used by queue "
|
||
"consumers. For each :meth:`~Queue.get` used to fetch a task, a subsequent "
|
||
"call to :meth:`task_done` tells the queue that the processing on the task is "
|
||
"complete."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:879
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a :meth:`~queue.Queue.join` is currently blocking, it will resume when "
|
||
"all items have been processed (meaning that a :meth:`task_done` call was "
|
||
"received for every item that had been :meth:`~Queue.put` into the queue)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:883
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Raises a :exc:`ValueError` if called more times than there were items placed "
|
||
"in the queue."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
"Lève une exception :exc:`ValueError` si appelée plus de fois qu'il y avait "
|
||
"d'éléments dans la file."
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:889
|
||
msgid "Block until all items in the queue have been gotten and processed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:891
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The count of unfinished tasks goes up whenever an item is added to the "
|
||
"queue. The count goes down whenever a consumer calls :meth:`task_done` to "
|
||
"indicate that the item was retrieved and all work on it is complete. When "
|
||
"the count of unfinished tasks drops to zero, :meth:`~queue.Queue.join` "
|
||
"unblocks."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:899
|
||
msgid "Miscellaneous"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:903
|
||
msgid "Return list of all live children of the current process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:905
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Calling this has the side effect of \"joining\" any processes which have "
|
||
"already finished."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:910
|
||
msgid "Return the number of CPUs in the system."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:912
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This number is not equivalent to the number of CPUs the current process can "
|
||
"use. The number of usable CPUs can be obtained with ``len(os."
|
||
"sched_getaffinity(0))``"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
"Ce nombre n'est pas équivalent au nombre de CPUs que le processus courant "
|
||
"peut utiliser. Le nombre de CPUs utilisables peut être obtenu avec ``len(os."
|
||
"sched_getaffinity(0))``"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:916
|
||
msgid "May raise :exc:`NotImplementedError`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:919
|
||
msgid ":func:`os.cpu_count`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:923
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return the :class:`Process` object corresponding to the current process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:925
|
||
msgid "An analogue of :func:`threading.current_thread`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:929
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Add support for when a program which uses :mod:`multiprocessing` has been "
|
||
"frozen to produce a Windows executable. (Has been tested with **py2exe**, "
|
||
"**PyInstaller** and **cx_Freeze**.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:933
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"One needs to call this function straight after the ``if __name__ == "
|
||
"'__main__'`` line of the main module. For example::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:945
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the ``freeze_support()`` line is omitted then trying to run the frozen "
|
||
"executable will raise :exc:`RuntimeError`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:948
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Calling ``freeze_support()`` has no effect when invoked on any operating "
|
||
"system other than Windows. In addition, if the module is being run normally "
|
||
"by the Python interpreter on Windows (the program has not been frozen), then "
|
||
"``freeze_support()`` has no effect."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:955
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Returns a list of the supported start methods, the first of which is the "
|
||
"default. The possible start methods are ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'`` and "
|
||
"``'forkserver'``. On Windows only ``'spawn'`` is available. On Unix "
|
||
"``'fork'`` and ``'spawn'`` are always supported, with ``'fork'`` being the "
|
||
"default."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:965
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return a context object which has the same attributes as the :mod:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing` module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:968
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *method* is ``None`` then the default context is returned. Otherwise "
|
||
"*method* should be ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'``, ``'forkserver'``. :exc:"
|
||
"`ValueError` is raised if the specified start method is not available."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:977
|
||
msgid "Return the name of start method used for starting processes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:979
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the start method has not been fixed and *allow_none* is false, then the "
|
||
"start method is fixed to the default and the name is returned. If the start "
|
||
"method has not been fixed and *allow_none* is true then ``None`` is returned."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:984
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The return value can be ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'``, ``'forkserver'`` or "
|
||
"``None``. ``'fork'`` is the default on Unix, while ``'spawn'`` is the "
|
||
"default on Windows."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:992
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Sets the path of the Python interpreter to use when starting a child "
|
||
"process. (By default :data:`sys.executable` is used). Embedders will "
|
||
"probably need to do some thing like ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:998
|
||
msgid "before they can create child processes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1000
|
||
msgid "Now supported on Unix when the ``'spawn'`` start method is used."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1005
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Set the method which should be used to start child processes. *method* can "
|
||
"be ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'`` or ``'forkserver'``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1008
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that this should be called at most once, and it should be protected "
|
||
"inside the ``if __name__ == '__main__'`` clause of the main module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1016
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":mod:`multiprocessing` contains no analogues of :func:`threading."
|
||
"active_count`, :func:`threading.enumerate`, :func:`threading.settrace`, :"
|
||
"func:`threading.setprofile`, :class:`threading.Timer`, or :class:`threading."
|
||
"local`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1023
|
||
msgid "Connection Objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1027
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Connection objects allow the sending and receiving of picklable objects or "
|
||
"strings. They can be thought of as message oriented connected sockets."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1030
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Connection objects are usually created using :func:`Pipe <multiprocessing."
|
||
"Pipe>` -- see also :ref:`multiprocessing-listeners-clients`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1038
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Send an object to the other end of the connection which should be read "
|
||
"using :meth:`recv`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1041
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The object must be picklable. Very large pickles (approximately 32 MiB+, "
|
||
"though it depends on the OS) may raise a :exc:`ValueError` exception."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1046
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return an object sent from the other end of the connection using :meth:"
|
||
"`send`. Blocks until there is something to receive. Raises :exc:`EOFError` "
|
||
"if there is nothing left to receive and the other end was closed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1053
|
||
msgid "Return the file descriptor or handle used by the connection."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1057
|
||
msgid "Close the connection."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1059
|
||
msgid "This is called automatically when the connection is garbage collected."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1063
|
||
msgid "Return whether there is any data available to be read."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1065
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *timeout* is not specified then it will return immediately. If *timeout* "
|
||
"is a number then this specifies the maximum time in seconds to block. If "
|
||
"*timeout* is ``None`` then an infinite timeout is used."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1069
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that multiple connection objects may be polled at once by using :func:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing.connection.wait`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1074
|
||
msgid "Send byte data from a :term:`bytes-like object` as a complete message."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1076
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *offset* is given then data is read from that position in *buffer*. If "
|
||
"*size* is given then that many bytes will be read from buffer. Very large "
|
||
"buffers (approximately 32 MiB+, though it depends on the OS) may raise a :"
|
||
"exc:`ValueError` exception"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1083
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return a complete message of byte data sent from the other end of the "
|
||
"connection as a string. Blocks until there is something to receive. Raises :"
|
||
"exc:`EOFError` if there is nothing left to receive and the other end has "
|
||
"closed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1088
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *maxlength* is specified and the message is longer than *maxlength* then :"
|
||
"exc:`OSError` is raised and the connection will no longer be readable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1092
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This function used to raise :exc:`IOError`, which is now an alias of :exc:"
|
||
"`OSError`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1099
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Read into *buffer* a complete message of byte data sent from the other end "
|
||
"of the connection and return the number of bytes in the message. Blocks "
|
||
"until there is something to receive. Raises :exc:`EOFError` if there is "
|
||
"nothing left to receive and the other end was closed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1105
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*buffer* must be a writable :term:`bytes-like object`. If *offset* is given "
|
||
"then the message will be written into the buffer from that position. Offset "
|
||
"must be a non-negative integer less than the length of *buffer* (in bytes)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1110
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the buffer is too short then a :exc:`BufferTooShort` exception is raised "
|
||
"and the complete message is available as ``e.args[0]`` where ``e`` is the "
|
||
"exception instance."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1114
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Connection objects themselves can now be transferred between processes "
|
||
"using :meth:`Connection.send` and :meth:`Connection.recv`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1118
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Connection objects now support the context management protocol -- see :ref:"
|
||
"`typecontextmanager`. :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` returns the "
|
||
"connection object, and :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` calls :meth:`close`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1123
|
||
msgid "For example:"
|
||
msgstr "Par exemple ::"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1147
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The :meth:`Connection.recv` method automatically unpickles the data it "
|
||
"receives, which can be a security risk unless you can trust the process "
|
||
"which sent the message."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1151
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Therefore, unless the connection object was produced using :func:`Pipe` you "
|
||
"should only use the :meth:`~Connection.recv` and :meth:`~Connection.send` "
|
||
"methods after performing some sort of authentication. See :ref:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing-auth-keys`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1158
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a process is killed while it is trying to read or write to a pipe then "
|
||
"the data in the pipe is likely to become corrupted, because it may become "
|
||
"impossible to be sure where the message boundaries lie."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1164
|
||
msgid "Synchronization primitives"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1168
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Generally synchronization primitives are not as necessary in a multiprocess "
|
||
"program as they are in a multithreaded program. See the documentation for :"
|
||
"mod:`threading` module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1172
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that one can also create synchronization primitives by using a manager "
|
||
"object -- see :ref:`multiprocessing-managers`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1177
|
||
msgid "A barrier object: a clone of :class:`threading.Barrier`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1183
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A bounded semaphore object: a close analog of :class:`threading."
|
||
"BoundedSemaphore`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1186
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1324
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A solitary difference from its close analog exists: its ``acquire`` method's "
|
||
"first argument is named *block*, as is consistent with :meth:`Lock.acquire`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1190
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"On Mac OS X, this is indistinguishable from :class:`Semaphore` because "
|
||
"``sem_getvalue()`` is not implemented on that platform."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1195
|
||
msgid "A condition variable: an alias for :class:`threading.Condition`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1197
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *lock* is specified then it should be a :class:`Lock` or :class:`RLock` "
|
||
"object from :mod:`multiprocessing`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1200
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1734
|
||
msgid "The :meth:`~threading.Condition.wait_for` method was added."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1205
|
||
msgid "A clone of :class:`threading.Event`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1210
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A non-recursive lock object: a close analog of :class:`threading.Lock`. Once "
|
||
"a process or thread has acquired a lock, subsequent attempts to acquire it "
|
||
"from any process or thread will block until it is released; any process or "
|
||
"thread may release it. The concepts and behaviors of :class:`threading."
|
||
"Lock` as it applies to threads are replicated here in :class:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing.Lock` as it applies to either processes or threads, except "
|
||
"as noted."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1218
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that :class:`Lock` is actually a factory function which returns an "
|
||
"instance of ``multiprocessing.synchronize.Lock`` initialized with a default "
|
||
"context."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1222
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":class:`Lock` supports the :term:`context manager` protocol and thus may be "
|
||
"used in :keyword:`with` statements."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1227
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1278
|
||
msgid "Acquire a lock, blocking or non-blocking."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1229
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"With the *block* argument set to ``True`` (the default), the method call "
|
||
"will block until the lock is in an unlocked state, then set it to locked and "
|
||
"return ``True``. Note that the name of this first argument differs from "
|
||
"that in :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1234
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"With the *block* argument set to ``False``, the method call does not block. "
|
||
"If the lock is currently in a locked state, return ``False``; otherwise set "
|
||
"the lock to a locked state and return ``True``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1238
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When invoked with a positive, floating-point value for *timeout*, block for "
|
||
"at most the number of seconds specified by *timeout* as long as the lock can "
|
||
"not be acquired. Invocations with a negative value for *timeout* are "
|
||
"equivalent to a *timeout* of zero. Invocations with a *timeout* value of "
|
||
"``None`` (the default) set the timeout period to infinite. Note that the "
|
||
"treatment of negative or ``None`` values for *timeout* differs from the "
|
||
"implemented behavior in :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire`. The *timeout* "
|
||
"argument has no practical implications if the *block* argument is set to "
|
||
"``False`` and is thus ignored. Returns ``True`` if the lock has been "
|
||
"acquired or ``False`` if the timeout period has elapsed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1253
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Release a lock. This can be called from any process or thread, not only the "
|
||
"process or thread which originally acquired the lock."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1256
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Behavior is the same as in :meth:`threading.Lock.release` except that when "
|
||
"invoked on an unlocked lock, a :exc:`ValueError` is raised."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1262
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A recursive lock object: a close analog of :class:`threading.RLock`. A "
|
||
"recursive lock must be released by the process or thread that acquired it. "
|
||
"Once a process or thread has acquired a recursive lock, the same process or "
|
||
"thread may acquire it again without blocking; that process or thread must "
|
||
"release it once for each time it has been acquired."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1268
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that :class:`RLock` is actually a factory function which returns an "
|
||
"instance of ``multiprocessing.synchronize.RLock`` initialized with a default "
|
||
"context."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1272
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":class:`RLock` supports the :term:`context manager` protocol and thus may be "
|
||
"used in :keyword:`with` statements."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1280
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When invoked with the *block* argument set to ``True``, block until the lock "
|
||
"is in an unlocked state (not owned by any process or thread) unless the lock "
|
||
"is already owned by the current process or thread. The current process or "
|
||
"thread then takes ownership of the lock (if it does not already have "
|
||
"ownership) and the recursion level inside the lock increments by one, "
|
||
"resulting in a return value of ``True``. Note that there are several "
|
||
"differences in this first argument's behavior compared to the implementation "
|
||
"of :meth:`threading.RLock.acquire`, starting with the name of the argument "
|
||
"itself."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1290
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When invoked with the *block* argument set to ``False``, do not block. If "
|
||
"the lock has already been acquired (and thus is owned) by another process or "
|
||
"thread, the current process or thread does not take ownership and the "
|
||
"recursion level within the lock is not changed, resulting in a return value "
|
||
"of ``False``. If the lock is in an unlocked state, the current process or "
|
||
"thread takes ownership and the recursion level is incremented, resulting in "
|
||
"a return value of ``True``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1298
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Use and behaviors of the *timeout* argument are the same as in :meth:`Lock."
|
||
"acquire`. Note that some of these behaviors of *timeout* differ from the "
|
||
"implemented behaviors in :meth:`threading.RLock.acquire`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1305
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Release a lock, decrementing the recursion level. If after the decrement "
|
||
"the recursion level is zero, reset the lock to unlocked (not owned by any "
|
||
"process or thread) and if any other processes or threads are blocked waiting "
|
||
"for the lock to become unlocked, allow exactly one of them to proceed. If "
|
||
"after the decrement the recursion level is still nonzero, the lock remains "
|
||
"locked and owned by the calling process or thread."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1313
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Only call this method when the calling process or thread owns the lock. An :"
|
||
"exc:`AssertionError` is raised if this method is called by a process or "
|
||
"thread other than the owner or if the lock is in an unlocked (unowned) "
|
||
"state. Note that the type of exception raised in this situation differs "
|
||
"from the implemented behavior in :meth:`threading.RLock.release`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1322
|
||
msgid "A semaphore object: a close analog of :class:`threading.Semaphore`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1329
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"On Mac OS X, ``sem_timedwait`` is unsupported, so calling ``acquire()`` with "
|
||
"a timeout will emulate that function's behavior using a sleeping loop."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1334
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the SIGINT signal generated by :kbd:`Ctrl-C` arrives while the main "
|
||
"thread is blocked by a call to :meth:`BoundedSemaphore.acquire`, :meth:`Lock."
|
||
"acquire`, :meth:`RLock.acquire`, :meth:`Semaphore.acquire`, :meth:`Condition."
|
||
"acquire` or :meth:`Condition.wait` then the call will be immediately "
|
||
"interrupted and :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` will be raised."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1340
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This differs from the behaviour of :mod:`threading` where SIGINT will be "
|
||
"ignored while the equivalent blocking calls are in progress."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1345
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Some of this package's functionality requires a functioning shared semaphore "
|
||
"implementation on the host operating system. Without one, the :mod:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing.synchronize` module will be disabled, and attempts to "
|
||
"import it will result in an :exc:`ImportError`. See :issue:`3770` for "
|
||
"additional information."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1353
|
||
msgid "Shared :mod:`ctypes` Objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1355
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"It is possible to create shared objects using shared memory which can be "
|
||
"inherited by child processes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1360
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return a :mod:`ctypes` object allocated from shared memory. By default the "
|
||
"return value is actually a synchronized wrapper for the object. The object "
|
||
"itself can be accessed via the *value* attribute of a :class:`Value`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1364
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1451
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*typecode_or_type* determines the type of the returned object: it is either "
|
||
"a ctypes type or a one character typecode of the kind used by the :mod:"
|
||
"`array` module. *\\*args* is passed on to the constructor for the type."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1368
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *lock* is ``True`` (the default) then a new recursive lock object is "
|
||
"created to synchronize access to the value. If *lock* is a :class:`Lock` "
|
||
"or :class:`RLock` object then that will be used to synchronize access to the "
|
||
"value. If *lock* is ``False`` then access to the returned object will not "
|
||
"be automatically protected by a lock, so it will not necessarily be "
|
||
"\"process-safe\"."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1375
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Operations like ``+=`` which involve a read and write are not atomic. So "
|
||
"if, for instance, you want to atomically increment a shared value it is "
|
||
"insufficient to just do ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1381
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Assuming the associated lock is recursive (which it is by default) you can "
|
||
"instead do ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1387
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1477
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1492
|
||
msgid "Note that *lock* is a keyword-only argument."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1391
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return a ctypes array allocated from shared memory. By default the return "
|
||
"value is actually a synchronized wrapper for the array."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1394
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*typecode_or_type* determines the type of the elements of the returned "
|
||
"array: it is either a ctypes type or a one character typecode of the kind "
|
||
"used by the :mod:`array` module. If *size_or_initializer* is an integer, "
|
||
"then it determines the length of the array, and the array will be initially "
|
||
"zeroed. Otherwise, *size_or_initializer* is a sequence which is used to "
|
||
"initialize the array and whose length determines the length of the array."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1401
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *lock* is ``True`` (the default) then a new lock object is created to "
|
||
"synchronize access to the value. If *lock* is a :class:`Lock` or :class:"
|
||
"`RLock` object then that will be used to synchronize access to the value. "
|
||
"If *lock* is ``False`` then access to the returned object will not be "
|
||
"automatically protected by a lock, so it will not necessarily be \"process-"
|
||
"safe\"."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1408
|
||
msgid "Note that *lock* is a keyword only argument."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1410
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that an array of :data:`ctypes.c_char` has *value* and *raw* attributes "
|
||
"which allow one to use it to store and retrieve strings."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1415
|
||
msgid "The :mod:`multiprocessing.sharedctypes` module"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1420
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The :mod:`multiprocessing.sharedctypes` module provides functions for "
|
||
"allocating :mod:`ctypes` objects from shared memory which can be inherited "
|
||
"by child processes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1426
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Although it is possible to store a pointer in shared memory remember that "
|
||
"this will refer to a location in the address space of a specific process. "
|
||
"However, the pointer is quite likely to be invalid in the context of a "
|
||
"second process and trying to dereference the pointer from the second process "
|
||
"may cause a crash."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1434
|
||
msgid "Return a ctypes array allocated from shared memory."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1436
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*typecode_or_type* determines the type of the elements of the returned "
|
||
"array: it is either a ctypes type or a one character typecode of the kind "
|
||
"used by the :mod:`array` module. If *size_or_initializer* is an integer "
|
||
"then it determines the length of the array, and the array will be initially "
|
||
"zeroed. Otherwise *size_or_initializer* is a sequence which is used to "
|
||
"initialize the array and whose length determines the length of the array."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1443
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that setting and getting an element is potentially non-atomic -- use :"
|
||
"func:`Array` instead to make sure that access is automatically synchronized "
|
||
"using a lock."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1449
|
||
msgid "Return a ctypes object allocated from shared memory."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1455
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that setting and getting the value is potentially non-atomic -- use :"
|
||
"func:`Value` instead to make sure that access is automatically synchronized "
|
||
"using a lock."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1459
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that an array of :data:`ctypes.c_char` has ``value`` and ``raw`` "
|
||
"attributes which allow one to use it to store and retrieve strings -- see "
|
||
"documentation for :mod:`ctypes`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1465
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The same as :func:`RawArray` except that depending on the value of *lock* a "
|
||
"process-safe synchronization wrapper may be returned instead of a raw ctypes "
|
||
"array."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1469
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1485
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *lock* is ``True`` (the default) then a new lock object is created to "
|
||
"synchronize access to the value. If *lock* is a :class:`~multiprocessing."
|
||
"Lock` or :class:`~multiprocessing.RLock` object then that will be used to "
|
||
"synchronize access to the value. If *lock* is ``False`` then access to the "
|
||
"returned object will not be automatically protected by a lock, so it will "
|
||
"not necessarily be \"process-safe\"."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1481
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The same as :func:`RawValue` except that depending on the value of *lock* a "
|
||
"process-safe synchronization wrapper may be returned instead of a raw ctypes "
|
||
"object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1496
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return a ctypes object allocated from shared memory which is a copy of the "
|
||
"ctypes object *obj*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1501
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return a process-safe wrapper object for a ctypes object which uses *lock* "
|
||
"to synchronize access. If *lock* is ``None`` (the default) then a :class:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing.RLock` object is created automatically."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1505
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A synchronized wrapper will have two methods in addition to those of the "
|
||
"object it wraps: :meth:`get_obj` returns the wrapped object and :meth:"
|
||
"`get_lock` returns the lock object used for synchronization."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1509
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that accessing the ctypes object through the wrapper can be a lot "
|
||
"slower than accessing the raw ctypes object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1512
|
||
msgid "Synchronized objects support the :term:`context manager` protocol."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1516
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The table below compares the syntax for creating shared ctypes objects from "
|
||
"shared memory with the normal ctypes syntax. (In the table ``MyStruct`` is "
|
||
"some subclass of :class:`ctypes.Structure`.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1521
|
||
msgid "ctypes"
|
||
msgstr "ctypes"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1521
|
||
msgid "sharedctypes using type"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1521
|
||
msgid "sharedctypes using typecode"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1523
|
||
msgid "c_double(2.4)"
|
||
msgstr "c_double(2.4)"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1523
|
||
msgid "RawValue(c_double, 2.4)"
|
||
msgstr "RawValue(c_double, 2.4)"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1523
|
||
msgid "RawValue('d', 2.4)"
|
||
msgstr "RawValue('d', 2.4)"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1524
|
||
msgid "MyStruct(4, 6)"
|
||
msgstr "MyStruct(4, 6)"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1524
|
||
msgid "RawValue(MyStruct, 4, 6)"
|
||
msgstr "RawValue(MyStruct, 4, 6)"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1525
|
||
msgid "(c_short * 7)()"
|
||
msgstr "(c_short * 7)()"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1525
|
||
msgid "RawArray(c_short, 7)"
|
||
msgstr "RawArray(c_short, 7)"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1525
|
||
msgid "RawArray('h', 7)"
|
||
msgstr "RawArray('h', 7)"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1526
|
||
msgid "(c_int * 3)(9, 2, 8)"
|
||
msgstr "(c_int * 3)(9, 2, 8)"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1526
|
||
msgid "RawArray(c_int, (9, 2, 8))"
|
||
msgstr "RawArray(c_int, (9, 2, 8))"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1526
|
||
msgid "RawArray('i', (9, 2, 8))"
|
||
msgstr "RawArray('i', (9, 2, 8))"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1530
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Below is an example where a number of ctypes objects are modified by a child "
|
||
"process::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1568
|
||
msgid "The results printed are ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1581
|
||
msgid "Managers"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1583
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Managers provide a way to create data which can be shared between different "
|
||
"processes, including sharing over a network between processes running on "
|
||
"different machines. A manager object controls a server process which manages "
|
||
"*shared objects*. Other processes can access the shared objects by using "
|
||
"proxies."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1591
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Returns a started :class:`~multiprocessing.managers.SyncManager` object "
|
||
"which can be used for sharing objects between processes. The returned "
|
||
"manager object corresponds to a spawned child process and has methods which "
|
||
"will create shared objects and return corresponding proxies."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1599
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Manager processes will be shutdown as soon as they are garbage collected or "
|
||
"their parent process exits. The manager classes are defined in the :mod:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing.managers` module:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1605
|
||
msgid "Create a BaseManager object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1607
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Once created one should call :meth:`start` or ``get_server()."
|
||
"serve_forever()`` to ensure that the manager object refers to a started "
|
||
"manager process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1610
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*address* is the address on which the manager process listens for new "
|
||
"connections. If *address* is ``None`` then an arbitrary one is chosen."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1613
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*authkey* is the authentication key which will be used to check the validity "
|
||
"of incoming connections to the server process. If *authkey* is ``None`` "
|
||
"then ``current_process().authkey`` is used. Otherwise *authkey* is used and "
|
||
"it must be a byte string."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1620
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Start a subprocess to start the manager. If *initializer* is not ``None`` "
|
||
"then the subprocess will call ``initializer(*initargs)`` when it starts."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1625
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Returns a :class:`Server` object which represents the actual server under "
|
||
"the control of the Manager. The :class:`Server` object supports the :meth:"
|
||
"`serve_forever` method::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1634
|
||
msgid ":class:`Server` additionally has an :attr:`address` attribute."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1638
|
||
msgid "Connect a local manager object to a remote manager process::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1646
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Stop the process used by the manager. This is only available if :meth:"
|
||
"`start` has been used to start the server process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1649
|
||
msgid "This can be called multiple times."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1653
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A classmethod which can be used for registering a type or callable with the "
|
||
"manager class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1656
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*typeid* is a \"type identifier\" which is used to identify a particular "
|
||
"type of shared object. This must be a string."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1659
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*callable* is a callable used for creating objects for this type "
|
||
"identifier. If a manager instance will be connected to the server using "
|
||
"the :meth:`connect` method, or if the *create_method* argument is ``False`` "
|
||
"then this can be left as ``None``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1665
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*proxytype* is a subclass of :class:`BaseProxy` which is used to create "
|
||
"proxies for shared objects with this *typeid*. If ``None`` then a proxy "
|
||
"class is created automatically."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1669
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*exposed* is used to specify a sequence of method names which proxies for "
|
||
"this typeid should be allowed to access using :meth:`BaseProxy."
|
||
"_callmethod`. (If *exposed* is ``None`` then :attr:`proxytype._exposed_` is "
|
||
"used instead if it exists.) In the case where no exposed list is specified, "
|
||
"all \"public methods\" of the shared object will be accessible. (Here a "
|
||
"\"public method\" means any attribute which has a :meth:`~object.__call__` "
|
||
"method and whose name does not begin with ``'_'``.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1678
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*method_to_typeid* is a mapping used to specify the return type of those "
|
||
"exposed methods which should return a proxy. It maps method names to typeid "
|
||
"strings. (If *method_to_typeid* is ``None`` then :attr:`proxytype."
|
||
"_method_to_typeid_` is used instead if it exists.) If a method's name is "
|
||
"not a key of this mapping or if the mapping is ``None`` then the object "
|
||
"returned by the method will be copied by value."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1685
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*create_method* determines whether a method should be created with name "
|
||
"*typeid* which can be used to tell the server process to create a new shared "
|
||
"object and return a proxy for it. By default it is ``True``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1689
|
||
msgid ":class:`BaseManager` instances also have one read-only property:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1693
|
||
msgid "The address used by the manager."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1695
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Manager objects support the context management protocol -- see :ref:"
|
||
"`typecontextmanager`. :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` starts the server "
|
||
"process (if it has not already started) and then returns the manager "
|
||
"object. :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` calls :meth:`shutdown`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1701
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"In previous versions :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` did not start the "
|
||
"manager's server process if it was not already started."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1706
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A subclass of :class:`BaseManager` which can be used for the synchronization "
|
||
"of processes. Objects of this type are returned by :func:`multiprocessing."
|
||
"Manager`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1710
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Its methods create and return :ref:`multiprocessing-proxy_objects` for a "
|
||
"number of commonly used data types to be synchronized across processes. This "
|
||
"notably includes shared lists and dictionaries."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1716
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Barrier` object and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1723
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Create a shared :class:`threading.BoundedSemaphore` object and return a "
|
||
"proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1728
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Condition` object and return a proxy for "
|
||
"it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1731
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *lock* is supplied then it should be a proxy for a :class:`threading."
|
||
"Lock` or :class:`threading.RLock` object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1739
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Event` object and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1743
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Lock` object and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1747
|
||
msgid "Create a shared :class:`Namespace` object and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1751
|
||
msgid "Create a shared :class:`queue.Queue` object and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1755
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Create a shared :class:`threading.RLock` object and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1759
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Create a shared :class:`threading.Semaphore` object and return a proxy for "
|
||
"it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1764
|
||
msgid "Create an array and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1768
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Create an object with a writable ``value`` attribute and return a proxy for "
|
||
"it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1775
|
||
msgid "Create a shared :class:`dict` object and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1780
|
||
msgid "Create a shared :class:`list` object and return a proxy for it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1782
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Shared objects are capable of being nested. For example, a shared container "
|
||
"object such as a shared list can contain other shared objects which will all "
|
||
"be managed and synchronized by the :class:`SyncManager`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1789
|
||
msgid "A type that can register with :class:`SyncManager`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1791
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A namespace object has no public methods, but does have writable attributes. "
|
||
"Its representation shows the values of its attributes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1794
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"However, when using a proxy for a namespace object, an attribute beginning "
|
||
"with ``'_'`` will be an attribute of the proxy and not an attribute of the "
|
||
"referent:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1810
|
||
msgid "Customized managers"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1812
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"To create one's own manager, one creates a subclass of :class:`BaseManager` "
|
||
"and uses the :meth:`~BaseManager.register` classmethod to register new types "
|
||
"or callables with the manager class. For example::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1837
|
||
msgid "Using a remote manager"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1839
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"It is possible to run a manager server on one machine and have clients use "
|
||
"it from other machines (assuming that the firewalls involved allow it)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1842
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Running the following commands creates a server for a single shared queue "
|
||
"which remote clients can access::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1854
|
||
msgid "One client can access the server as follows::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1864
|
||
msgid "Another client can also use it::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1875
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Local processes can also access that queue, using the code from above on the "
|
||
"client to access it remotely::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1900
|
||
msgid "Proxy Objects"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1902
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A proxy is an object which *refers* to a shared object which lives "
|
||
"(presumably) in a different process. The shared object is said to be the "
|
||
"*referent* of the proxy. Multiple proxy objects may have the same referent."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1906
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A proxy object has methods which invoke corresponding methods of its "
|
||
"referent (although not every method of the referent will necessarily be "
|
||
"available through the proxy). In this way, a proxy can be used just like "
|
||
"its referent can:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1924
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Notice that applying :func:`str` to a proxy will return the representation "
|
||
"of the referent, whereas applying :func:`repr` will return the "
|
||
"representation of the proxy."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1928
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An important feature of proxy objects is that they are picklable so they can "
|
||
"be passed between processes. As such, a referent can contain :ref:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing-proxy_objects`. This permits nesting of these managed "
|
||
"lists, dicts, and other :ref:`multiprocessing-proxy_objects`:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1944
|
||
msgid "Similarly, dict and list proxies may be nested inside one another::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1957
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If standard (non-proxy) :class:`list` or :class:`dict` objects are contained "
|
||
"in a referent, modifications to those mutable values will not be propagated "
|
||
"through the manager because the proxy has no way of knowing when the values "
|
||
"contained within are modified. However, storing a value in a container "
|
||
"proxy (which triggers a ``__setitem__`` on the proxy object) does propagate "
|
||
"through the manager and so to effectively modify such an item, one could re-"
|
||
"assign the modified value to the container proxy::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1976
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This approach is perhaps less convenient than employing nested :ref:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing-proxy_objects` for most use cases but also demonstrates a "
|
||
"level of control over the synchronization."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1982
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The proxy types in :mod:`multiprocessing` do nothing to support comparisons "
|
||
"by value. So, for instance, we have:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1990
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"One should just use a copy of the referent instead when making comparisons."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1994
|
||
msgid "Proxy objects are instances of subclasses of :class:`BaseProxy`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:1998
|
||
msgid "Call and return the result of a method of the proxy's referent."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2000
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If ``proxy`` is a proxy whose referent is ``obj`` then the expression ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2004
|
||
msgid "will evaluate the expression ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2008
|
||
msgid "in the manager's process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2010
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The returned value will be a copy of the result of the call or a proxy to a "
|
||
"new shared object -- see documentation for the *method_to_typeid* argument "
|
||
"of :meth:`BaseManager.register`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2014
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If an exception is raised by the call, then is re-raised by :meth:"
|
||
"`_callmethod`. If some other exception is raised in the manager's process "
|
||
"then this is converted into a :exc:`RemoteError` exception and is raised by :"
|
||
"meth:`_callmethod`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2019
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note in particular that an exception will be raised if *methodname* has not "
|
||
"been *exposed*."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2022
|
||
msgid "An example of the usage of :meth:`_callmethod`:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2038
|
||
msgid "Return a copy of the referent."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2040
|
||
msgid "If the referent is unpicklable then this will raise an exception."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2044
|
||
msgid "Return a representation of the proxy object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2048
|
||
msgid "Return the representation of the referent."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2052
|
||
msgid "Cleanup"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2054
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A proxy object uses a weakref callback so that when it gets garbage "
|
||
"collected it deregisters itself from the manager which owns its referent."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2057
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A shared object gets deleted from the manager process when there are no "
|
||
"longer any proxies referring to it."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2062
|
||
msgid "Process Pools"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2067
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"One can create a pool of processes which will carry out tasks submitted to "
|
||
"it with the :class:`Pool` class."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2072
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A process pool object which controls a pool of worker processes to which "
|
||
"jobs can be submitted. It supports asynchronous results with timeouts and "
|
||
"callbacks and has a parallel map implementation."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2076
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*processes* is the number of worker processes to use. If *processes* is "
|
||
"``None`` then the number returned by :func:`os.cpu_count` is used."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2079
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *initializer* is not ``None`` then each worker process will call "
|
||
"``initializer(*initargs)`` when it starts."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2082
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*maxtasksperchild* is the number of tasks a worker process can complete "
|
||
"before it will exit and be replaced with a fresh worker process, to enable "
|
||
"unused resources to be freed. The default *maxtasksperchild* is ``None``, "
|
||
"which means worker processes will live as long as the pool."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2087
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*context* can be used to specify the context used for starting the worker "
|
||
"processes. Usually a pool is created using the function :func:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing.Pool` or the :meth:`Pool` method of a context object. In "
|
||
"both cases *context* is set appropriately."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2093
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that the methods of the pool object should only be called by the "
|
||
"process which created the pool."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2096
|
||
msgid "*maxtasksperchild*"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2099
|
||
msgid "*context*"
|
||
msgstr "*context*"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2104
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Worker processes within a :class:`Pool` typically live for the complete "
|
||
"duration of the Pool's work queue. A frequent pattern found in other systems "
|
||
"(such as Apache, mod_wsgi, etc) to free resources held by workers is to "
|
||
"allow a worker within a pool to complete only a set amount of work before "
|
||
"being exiting, being cleaned up and a new process spawned to replace the old "
|
||
"one. The *maxtasksperchild* argument to the :class:`Pool` exposes this "
|
||
"ability to the end user."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2114
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Call *func* with arguments *args* and keyword arguments *kwds*. It blocks "
|
||
"until the result is ready. Given this blocks, :meth:`apply_async` is better "
|
||
"suited for performing work in parallel. Additionally, *func* is only "
|
||
"executed in one of the workers of the pool."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2121
|
||
msgid "A variant of the :meth:`apply` method which returns a result object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2123
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2148
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *callback* is specified then it should be a callable which accepts a "
|
||
"single argument. When the result becomes ready *callback* is applied to it, "
|
||
"that is unless the call failed, in which case the *error_callback* is "
|
||
"applied instead."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2128
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2153
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *error_callback* is specified then it should be a callable which accepts "
|
||
"a single argument. If the target function fails, then the *error_callback* "
|
||
"is called with the exception instance."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2132
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2157
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Callbacks should complete immediately since otherwise the thread which "
|
||
"handles the results will get blocked."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2137
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A parallel equivalent of the :func:`map` built-in function (it supports only "
|
||
"one *iterable* argument though). It blocks until the result is ready."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2140
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This method chops the iterable into a number of chunks which it submits to "
|
||
"the process pool as separate tasks. The (approximate) size of these chunks "
|
||
"can be specified by setting *chunksize* to a positive integer."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2146
|
||
msgid "A variant of the :meth:`.map` method which returns a result object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2162
|
||
msgid "A lazier version of :meth:`map`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2164
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The *chunksize* argument is the same as the one used by the :meth:`.map` "
|
||
"method. For very long iterables using a large value for *chunksize* can "
|
||
"make the job complete **much** faster than using the default value of ``1``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2169
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Also if *chunksize* is ``1`` then the :meth:`!next` method of the iterator "
|
||
"returned by the :meth:`imap` method has an optional *timeout* parameter: "
|
||
"``next(timeout)`` will raise :exc:`multiprocessing.TimeoutError` if the "
|
||
"result cannot be returned within *timeout* seconds."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2176
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The same as :meth:`imap` except that the ordering of the results from the "
|
||
"returned iterator should be considered arbitrary. (Only when there is only "
|
||
"one worker process is the order guaranteed to be \"correct\".)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2182
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Like :meth:`map` except that the elements of the *iterable* are expected to "
|
||
"be iterables that are unpacked as arguments."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2185
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Hence an *iterable* of ``[(1,2), (3, 4)]`` results in ``[func(1,2), "
|
||
"func(3,4)]``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2192
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A combination of :meth:`starmap` and :meth:`map_async` that iterates over "
|
||
"*iterable* of iterables and calls *func* with the iterables unpacked. "
|
||
"Returns a result object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2200
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Prevents any more tasks from being submitted to the pool. Once all the "
|
||
"tasks have been completed the worker processes will exit."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2205
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Stops the worker processes immediately without completing outstanding work. "
|
||
"When the pool object is garbage collected :meth:`terminate` will be called "
|
||
"immediately."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2211
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Wait for the worker processes to exit. One must call :meth:`close` or :meth:"
|
||
"`terminate` before using :meth:`join`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2214
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Pool objects now support the context management protocol -- see :ref:"
|
||
"`typecontextmanager`. :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` returns the pool "
|
||
"object, and :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` calls :meth:`terminate`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2222
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The class of the result returned by :meth:`Pool.apply_async` and :meth:`Pool."
|
||
"map_async`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2227
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return the result when it arrives. If *timeout* is not ``None`` and the "
|
||
"result does not arrive within *timeout* seconds then :exc:`multiprocessing."
|
||
"TimeoutError` is raised. If the remote call raised an exception then that "
|
||
"exception will be reraised by :meth:`get`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2234
|
||
msgid "Wait until the result is available or until *timeout* seconds pass."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2238
|
||
msgid "Return whether the call has completed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2242
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Return whether the call completed without raising an exception. Will raise :"
|
||
"exc:`AssertionError` if the result is not ready."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2245
|
||
msgid "The following example demonstrates the use of a pool::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2272
|
||
msgid "Listeners and Clients"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2277
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Usually message passing between processes is done using queues or by using :"
|
||
"class:`~Connection` objects returned by :func:`~multiprocessing.Pipe`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2281
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"However, the :mod:`multiprocessing.connection` module allows some extra "
|
||
"flexibility. It basically gives a high level message oriented API for "
|
||
"dealing with sockets or Windows named pipes. It also has support for "
|
||
"*digest authentication* using the :mod:`hmac` module, and for polling "
|
||
"multiple connections at the same time."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2290
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Send a randomly generated message to the other end of the connection and "
|
||
"wait for a reply."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2293
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the reply matches the digest of the message using *authkey* as the key "
|
||
"then a welcome message is sent to the other end of the connection. "
|
||
"Otherwise :exc:`~multiprocessing.AuthenticationError` is raised."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2299
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Receive a message, calculate the digest of the message using *authkey* as "
|
||
"the key, and then send the digest back."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2302
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If a welcome message is not received, then :exc:`~multiprocessing."
|
||
"AuthenticationError` is raised."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2307
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Attempt to set up a connection to the listener which is using address "
|
||
"*address*, returning a :class:`~Connection`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2310
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The type of the connection is determined by *family* argument, but this can "
|
||
"generally be omitted since it can usually be inferred from the format of "
|
||
"*address*. (See :ref:`multiprocessing-address-formats`)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2314
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2349
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If *authkey* is given and not None, it should be a byte string and will be "
|
||
"used as the secret key for an HMAC-based authentication challenge. No "
|
||
"authentication is done if *authkey* is None. :exc:`~multiprocessing."
|
||
"AuthenticationError` is raised if authentication fails. See :ref:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing-auth-keys`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2322
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A wrapper for a bound socket or Windows named pipe which is 'listening' for "
|
||
"connections."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2325
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*address* is the address to be used by the bound socket or named pipe of the "
|
||
"listener object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2330
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If an address of '0.0.0.0' is used, the address will not be a connectable "
|
||
"end point on Windows. If you require a connectable end-point, you should use "
|
||
"'127.0.0.1'."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2334
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"*family* is the type of socket (or named pipe) to use. This can be one of "
|
||
"the strings ``'AF_INET'`` (for a TCP socket), ``'AF_UNIX'`` (for a Unix "
|
||
"domain socket) or ``'AF_PIPE'`` (for a Windows named pipe). Of these only "
|
||
"the first is guaranteed to be available. If *family* is ``None`` then the "
|
||
"family is inferred from the format of *address*. If *address* is also "
|
||
"``None`` then a default is chosen. This default is the family which is "
|
||
"assumed to be the fastest available. See :ref:`multiprocessing-address-"
|
||
"formats`. Note that if *family* is ``'AF_UNIX'`` and address is ``None`` "
|
||
"then the socket will be created in a private temporary directory created "
|
||
"using :func:`tempfile.mkstemp`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2345
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If the listener object uses a socket then *backlog* (1 by default) is passed "
|
||
"to the :meth:`~socket.socket.listen` method of the socket once it has been "
|
||
"bound."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2357
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Accept a connection on the bound socket or named pipe of the listener object "
|
||
"and return a :class:`~Connection` object. If authentication is attempted and "
|
||
"fails, then :exc:`~multiprocessing.AuthenticationError` is raised."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2364
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Close the bound socket or named pipe of the listener object. This is called "
|
||
"automatically when the listener is garbage collected. However it is "
|
||
"advisable to call it explicitly."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2368
|
||
msgid "Listener objects have the following read-only properties:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2372
|
||
msgid "The address which is being used by the Listener object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2376
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The address from which the last accepted connection came. If this is "
|
||
"unavailable then it is ``None``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2379
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Listener objects now support the context management protocol -- see :ref:"
|
||
"`typecontextmanager`. :meth:`~contextmanager.__enter__` returns the "
|
||
"listener object, and :meth:`~contextmanager.__exit__` calls :meth:`close`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2386
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Wait till an object in *object_list* is ready. Returns the list of those "
|
||
"objects in *object_list* which are ready. If *timeout* is a float then the "
|
||
"call blocks for at most that many seconds. If *timeout* is ``None`` then it "
|
||
"will block for an unlimited period. A negative timeout is equivalent to a "
|
||
"zero timeout."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2392
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For both Unix and Windows, an object can appear in *object_list* if it is"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2395
|
||
msgid "a readable :class:`~multiprocessing.connection.Connection` object;"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2396
|
||
msgid "a connected and readable :class:`socket.socket` object; or"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2397
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"the :attr:`~multiprocessing.Process.sentinel` attribute of a :class:"
|
||
"`~multiprocessing.Process` object."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2400
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A connection or socket object is ready when there is data available to be "
|
||
"read from it, or the other end has been closed."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2403
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"**Unix**: ``wait(object_list, timeout)`` almost equivalent ``select."
|
||
"select(object_list, [], [], timeout)``. The difference is that, if :func:"
|
||
"`select.select` is interrupted by a signal, it can raise :exc:`OSError` with "
|
||
"an error number of ``EINTR``, whereas :func:`wait` will not."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2409
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"**Windows**: An item in *object_list* must either be an integer handle which "
|
||
"is waitable (according to the definition used by the documentation of the "
|
||
"Win32 function ``WaitForMultipleObjects()``) or it can be an object with a :"
|
||
"meth:`fileno` method which returns a socket handle or pipe handle. (Note "
|
||
"that pipe handles and socket handles are **not** waitable handles.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2419
|
||
msgid "**Examples**"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2421
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following server code creates a listener which uses ``'secret "
|
||
"password'`` as an authentication key. It then waits for a connection and "
|
||
"sends some data to the client::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2440
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following code connects to the server and receives some data from the "
|
||
"server::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2457
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"The following code uses :func:`~multiprocessing.connection.wait` to wait for "
|
||
"messages from multiple processes at once::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2496
|
||
msgid "Address Formats"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2498
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An ``'AF_INET'`` address is a tuple of the form ``(hostname, port)`` where "
|
||
"*hostname* is a string and *port* is an integer."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2501
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An ``'AF_UNIX'`` address is a string representing a filename on the "
|
||
"filesystem."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2507
|
||
msgid "An ``'AF_PIPE'`` address is a string of the form"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2505
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":samp:`r'\\\\\\\\.\\\\pipe\\\\{PipeName}'`. To use :func:`Client` to "
|
||
"connect to a named pipe on a remote computer called *ServerName* one should "
|
||
"use an address of the form :samp:`r'\\\\\\\\{ServerName}\\\\pipe\\"
|
||
"\\{PipeName}'` instead."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2509
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that any string beginning with two backslashes is assumed by default to "
|
||
"be an ``'AF_PIPE'`` address rather than an ``'AF_UNIX'`` address."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2516
|
||
msgid "Authentication keys"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2518
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When one uses :meth:`Connection.recv <Connection.recv>`, the data received "
|
||
"is automatically unpickled. Unfortunately unpickling data from an untrusted "
|
||
"source is a security risk. Therefore :class:`Listener` and :func:`Client` "
|
||
"use the :mod:`hmac` module to provide digest authentication."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2524
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An authentication key is a byte string which can be thought of as a "
|
||
"password: once a connection is established both ends will demand proof that "
|
||
"the other knows the authentication key. (Demonstrating that both ends are "
|
||
"using the same key does **not** involve sending the key over the connection.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2530
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If authentication is requested but no authentication key is specified then "
|
||
"the return value of ``current_process().authkey`` is used (see :class:"
|
||
"`~multiprocessing.Process`). This value will be automatically inherited by "
|
||
"any :class:`~multiprocessing.Process` object that the current process "
|
||
"creates. This means that (by default) all processes of a multi-process "
|
||
"program will share a single authentication key which can be used when "
|
||
"setting up connections between themselves."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2538
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Suitable authentication keys can also be generated by using :func:`os."
|
||
"urandom`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2542
|
||
msgid "Logging"
|
||
msgstr "Journalisation"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2544
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Some support for logging is available. Note, however, that the :mod:"
|
||
"`logging` package does not use process shared locks so it is possible "
|
||
"(depending on the handler type) for messages from different processes to get "
|
||
"mixed up."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2551
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Returns the logger used by :mod:`multiprocessing`. If necessary, a new one "
|
||
"will be created."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2554
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When first created the logger has level :data:`logging.NOTSET` and no "
|
||
"default handler. Messages sent to this logger will not by default propagate "
|
||
"to the root logger."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2558
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Note that on Windows child processes will only inherit the level of the "
|
||
"parent process's logger -- any other customization of the logger will not be "
|
||
"inherited."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2565
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This function performs a call to :func:`get_logger` but in addition to "
|
||
"returning the logger created by get_logger, it adds a handler which sends "
|
||
"output to :data:`sys.stderr` using format ``'[%(levelname)s/%(processName)s] "
|
||
"%(message)s'``."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2570
|
||
msgid "Below is an example session with logging turned on::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2585
|
||
msgid "For a full table of logging levels, see the :mod:`logging` module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2589
|
||
msgid "The :mod:`multiprocessing.dummy` module"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2594
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
":mod:`multiprocessing.dummy` replicates the API of :mod:`multiprocessing` "
|
||
"but is no more than a wrapper around the :mod:`threading` module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2601
|
||
msgid "Programming guidelines"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2603
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"There are certain guidelines and idioms which should be adhered to when "
|
||
"using :mod:`multiprocessing`."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2608
|
||
msgid "All start methods"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2610
|
||
msgid "The following applies to all start methods."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2612
|
||
msgid "Avoid shared state"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2614
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"As far as possible one should try to avoid shifting large amounts of data "
|
||
"between processes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2617
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"It is probably best to stick to using queues or pipes for communication "
|
||
"between processes rather than using the lower level synchronization "
|
||
"primitives."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2621
|
||
msgid "Picklability"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2623
|
||
msgid "Ensure that the arguments to the methods of proxies are picklable."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2625
|
||
msgid "Thread safety of proxies"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2627
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Do not use a proxy object from more than one thread unless you protect it "
|
||
"with a lock."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2630
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"(There is never a problem with different processes using the *same* proxy.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2632
|
||
msgid "Joining zombie processes"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2634
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"On Unix when a process finishes but has not been joined it becomes a zombie. "
|
||
"There should never be very many because each time a new process starts (or :"
|
||
"func:`~multiprocessing.active_children` is called) all completed processes "
|
||
"which have not yet been joined will be joined. Also calling a finished "
|
||
"process's :meth:`Process.is_alive <multiprocessing.Process.is_alive>` will "
|
||
"join the process. Even so it is probably good practice to explicitly join "
|
||
"all the processes that you start."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2642
|
||
msgid "Better to inherit than pickle/unpickle"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2644
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"When using the *spawn* or *forkserver* start methods many types from :mod:"
|
||
"`multiprocessing` need to be picklable so that child processes can use "
|
||
"them. However, one should generally avoid sending shared objects to other "
|
||
"processes using pipes or queues. Instead you should arrange the program so "
|
||
"that a process which needs access to a shared resource created elsewhere can "
|
||
"inherit it from an ancestor process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2652
|
||
msgid "Avoid terminating processes"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2654
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Using the :meth:`Process.terminate <multiprocessing.Process.terminate>` "
|
||
"method to stop a process is liable to cause any shared resources (such as "
|
||
"locks, semaphores, pipes and queues) currently being used by the process to "
|
||
"become broken or unavailable to other processes."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2660
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Therefore it is probably best to only consider using :meth:`Process."
|
||
"terminate <multiprocessing.Process.terminate>` on processes which never use "
|
||
"any shared resources."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2664
|
||
msgid "Joining processes that use queues"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2666
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Bear in mind that a process that has put items in a queue will wait before "
|
||
"terminating until all the buffered items are fed by the \"feeder\" thread to "
|
||
"the underlying pipe. (The child process can call the :meth:`Queue."
|
||
"cancel_join_thread <multiprocessing.Queue.cancel_join_thread>` method of the "
|
||
"queue to avoid this behaviour.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2672
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This means that whenever you use a queue you need to make sure that all "
|
||
"items which have been put on the queue will eventually be removed before the "
|
||
"process is joined. Otherwise you cannot be sure that processes which have "
|
||
"put items on the queue will terminate. Remember also that non-daemonic "
|
||
"processes will be joined automatically."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2678
|
||
msgid "An example which will deadlock is the following::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2692
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"A fix here would be to swap the last two lines (or simply remove the ``p."
|
||
"join()`` line)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2695
|
||
msgid "Explicitly pass resources to child processes"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2697
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"On Unix using the *fork* start method, a child process can make use of a "
|
||
"shared resource created in a parent process using a global resource. "
|
||
"However, it is better to pass the object as an argument to the constructor "
|
||
"for the child process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2702
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Apart from making the code (potentially) compatible with Windows and the "
|
||
"other start methods this also ensures that as long as the child process is "
|
||
"still alive the object will not be garbage collected in the parent process. "
|
||
"This might be important if some resource is freed when the object is garbage "
|
||
"collected in the parent process."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2709
|
||
msgid "So for instance ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2721
|
||
msgid "should be rewritten as ::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2733
|
||
msgid "Beware of replacing :data:`sys.stdin` with a \"file like object\""
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2735
|
||
msgid ":mod:`multiprocessing` originally unconditionally called::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2739
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"in the :meth:`multiprocessing.Process._bootstrap` method --- this resulted "
|
||
"in issues with processes-in-processes. This has been changed to::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2745
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Which solves the fundamental issue of processes colliding with each other "
|
||
"resulting in a bad file descriptor error, but introduces a potential danger "
|
||
"to applications which replace :func:`sys.stdin` with a \"file-like object\" "
|
||
"with output buffering. This danger is that if multiple processes call :meth:"
|
||
"`~io.IOBase.close()` on this file-like object, it could result in the same "
|
||
"data being flushed to the object multiple times, resulting in corruption."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2752
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"If you write a file-like object and implement your own caching, you can make "
|
||
"it fork-safe by storing the pid whenever you append to the cache, and "
|
||
"discarding the cache when the pid changes. For example::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2764
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For more information, see :issue:`5155`, :issue:`5313` and :issue:`5331`"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2767
|
||
msgid "The *spawn* and *forkserver* start methods"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2769
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"There are a few extra restriction which don't apply to the *fork* start "
|
||
"method."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2772
|
||
msgid "More picklability"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2774
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Ensure that all arguments to :meth:`Process.__init__` are picklable. Also, "
|
||
"if you subclass :class:`~multiprocessing.Process` then make sure that "
|
||
"instances will be picklable when the :meth:`Process.start <multiprocessing."
|
||
"Process.start>` method is called."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2779
|
||
msgid "Global variables"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2781
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Bear in mind that if code run in a child process tries to access a global "
|
||
"variable, then the value it sees (if any) may not be the same as the value "
|
||
"in the parent process at the time that :meth:`Process.start <multiprocessing."
|
||
"Process.start>` was called."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2786
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"However, global variables which are just module level constants cause no "
|
||
"problems."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2789
|
||
msgid "Safe importing of main module"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2791
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Make sure that the main module can be safely imported by a new Python "
|
||
"interpreter without causing unintended side effects (such a starting a new "
|
||
"process)."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2795
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"For example, using the *spawn* or *forkserver* start method running the "
|
||
"following module would fail with a :exc:`RuntimeError`::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2807
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Instead one should protect the \"entry point\" of the program by using ``if "
|
||
"__name__ == '__main__':`` as follows::"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2821
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"(The ``freeze_support()`` line can be omitted if the program will be run "
|
||
"normally instead of frozen.)"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2824
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"This allows the newly spawned Python interpreter to safely import the module "
|
||
"and then run the module's ``foo()`` function."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2827
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"Similar restrictions apply if a pool or manager is created in the main "
|
||
"module."
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2834
|
||
msgid "Examples"
|
||
msgstr "Exemples"
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2836
|
||
msgid "Demonstration of how to create and use customized managers and proxies:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2842
|
||
msgid "Using :class:`~multiprocessing.pool.Pool`:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|
||
|
||
#: ../Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst:2848
|
||
msgid ""
|
||
"An example showing how to use queues to feed tasks to a collection of worker "
|
||
"processes and collect the results:"
|
||
msgstr ""
|