# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2001-2016, Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2017-04-02 22:11+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:2 msgid ":mod:`statistics` --- Mathematical statistics functions" msgstr ":mod:`statistics` — Fonctions mathématiques pour les statistiques" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:12 msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/statistics.py`" msgstr "**Code source :** :source:`Lib/statistics.py`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:21 msgid "" "This module provides functions for calculating mathematical statistics of " "numeric (:class:`Real`-valued) data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:26 msgid "" "Unless explicitly noted otherwise, these functions support :class:`int`, :" "class:`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` and :class:`fractions.Fraction`. " "Behaviour with other types (whether in the numeric tower or not) is " "currently unsupported. Mixed types are also undefined and implementation-" "dependent. If your input data consists of mixed types, you may be able to " "use :func:`map` to ensure a consistent result, e.g. ``map(float, " "input_data)``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:35 msgid "Averages and measures of central location" msgstr "Moyennes et mesures de la tendance centrale" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:37 msgid "" "These functions calculate an average or typical value from a population or " "sample." msgstr "" "Ces fonctions calculent une moyenne ou une valeur typique à partir d'une " "population ou d'un échantillon." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:41 msgid ":func:`mean`" msgstr ":func:`mean`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:41 msgid "Arithmetic mean (\"average\") of data." msgstr "Moyenne arithmétique des données." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:42 msgid ":func:`harmonic_mean`" msgstr ":func:`harmonic_mean`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:42 msgid "Harmonic mean of data." msgstr "Moyenne harmonique des données." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:43 msgid ":func:`median`" msgstr ":func:`median`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:43 msgid "Median (middle value) of data." msgstr "Médiane (valeur centrale) des données." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:44 msgid ":func:`median_low`" msgstr ":func:`median_low`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:44 msgid "Low median of data." msgstr "Médiane basse des données." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:45 msgid ":func:`median_high`" msgstr ":func:`median_high`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:45 msgid "High median of data." msgstr "Médiane haute des données." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:46 msgid ":func:`median_grouped`" msgstr ":func:`median_grouped`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:46 msgid "Median, or 50th percentile, of grouped data." msgstr "" "Médiane de données groupées, calculée comme le 50\\ :sup:`e` percentile." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:47 msgid ":func:`mode`" msgstr ":func:`mode`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:47 msgid "Mode (most common value) of discrete data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:51 msgid "Measures of spread" msgstr "Mesures de la dispersion" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:53 msgid "" "These functions calculate a measure of how much the population or sample " "tends to deviate from the typical or average values." msgstr "" "Ces fonctions mesurent la tendance de la population ou d'un échantillon à " "dévier des valeurs typiques ou des valeurs moyennes." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:57 msgid ":func:`pstdev`" msgstr ":func:`pstdev`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:57 msgid "Population standard deviation of data." msgstr "Écart-type de la population." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:58 msgid ":func:`pvariance`" msgstr ":func:`pvariance`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:58 msgid "Population variance of data." msgstr "Variance de la population." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:59 msgid ":func:`stdev`" msgstr ":func:`stdev`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:59 msgid "Sample standard deviation of data." msgstr "Écart-type d'un échantillon." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:60 msgid ":func:`variance`" msgstr ":func:`variance`" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:60 msgid "Sample variance of data." msgstr "Variance d'un échantillon." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:65 msgid "Function details" msgstr "Détails des fonctions" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:67 msgid "" "Note: The functions do not require the data given to them to be sorted. " "However, for reading convenience, most of the examples show sorted sequences." msgstr "" "Note : les fonctions ne requièrent pas que les données soient ordonnées. " "Toutefois, pour en faciliter la lecture, les exemples utiliseront des " "séquences croissantes." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:72 msgid "" "Return the sample arithmetic mean of *data* which can be a sequence or " "iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:74 msgid "" "The arithmetic mean is the sum of the data divided by the number of data " "points. It is commonly called \"the average\", although it is only one of " "many different mathematical averages. It is a measure of the central " "location of the data." msgstr "" "La moyenne arithmétique est la somme des valeurs divisée par le nombre " "d'observations. Il s'agit de la valeur couramment désignée comme la " "« moyenne » bien qu'il existe de multiples façons de définir " "mathématiquement la moyenne. C'est une mesure de la tendance centrale des " "données." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:79 msgid "If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` will be raised." msgstr "Une erreur :exc:`StatisticsError` est levée si *data* est vide." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:81 msgid "Some examples of use:" msgstr "Exemples d'utilisation :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:100 msgid "" "The mean is strongly affected by outliers and is not a robust estimator for " "central location: the mean is not necessarily a typical example of the data " "points. For more robust, although less efficient, measures of central " "location, see :func:`median` and :func:`mode`. (In this case, \"efficient\" " "refers to statistical efficiency rather than computational efficiency.)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:107 msgid "" "The sample mean gives an unbiased estimate of the true population mean, " "which means that, taken on average over all the possible samples, " "``mean(sample)`` converges on the true mean of the entire population. If " "*data* represents the entire population rather than a sample, then " "``mean(data)`` is equivalent to calculating the true population mean μ." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:116 msgid "" "Return the harmonic mean of *data*, a sequence or iterator of real-valued " "numbers." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:119 msgid "" "The harmonic mean, sometimes called the subcontrary mean, is the reciprocal " "of the arithmetic :func:`mean` of the reciprocals of the data. For example, " "the harmonic mean of three values *a*, *b* and *c* will be equivalent to ``3/" "(1/a + 1/b + 1/c)``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:124 msgid "" "The harmonic mean is a type of average, a measure of the central location of " "the data. It is often appropriate when averaging quantities which are rates " "or ratios, for example speeds. For example:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:128 msgid "" "Suppose an investor purchases an equal value of shares in each of three " "companies, with P/E (price/earning) ratios of 2.5, 3 and 10. What is the " "average P/E ratio for the investor's portfolio?" msgstr "" "Supposons qu'un investisseur achète autant de parts dans trois compagnies " "chacune de ratio cours sur bénéfices (*P/E*) 2,5, 3 et 10. Quel est le ratio " "cours sur bénéfices moyen du portefeuille de l'investisseur ?" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:137 msgid "" "Using the arithmetic mean would give an average of about 5.167, which is too " "high." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:140 msgid "" ":exc:`StatisticsError` is raised if *data* is empty, or any element is less " "than zero." msgstr "" "Une erreur :exc:`StatisticsError` est levée si *data* est vide ou si l'un de " "ses éléments est inférieur à zéro." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:148 msgid "" "Return the median (middle value) of numeric data, using the common \"mean of " "middle two\" method. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` is raised. " "*data* can be a sequence or iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:152 msgid "" "The median is a robust measure of central location, and is less affected by " "the presence of outliers in your data. When the number of data points is " "odd, the middle data point is returned:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:161 msgid "" "When the number of data points is even, the median is interpolated by taking " "the average of the two middle values:" msgstr "" "Lorsque le nombre d'observations est pair, la médiane est interpolée en " "calculant la moyenne des deux valeurs du milieu :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:169 msgid "" "This is suited for when your data is discrete, and you don't mind that the " "median may not be an actual data point." msgstr "" "Cette approche est adaptée à des données discrètes à condition que vous " "acceptiez que la médiane ne fasse pas nécessairement partie des observations." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:172 msgid ":func:`median_low`, :func:`median_high`, :func:`median_grouped`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:177 msgid "" "Return the low median of numeric data. If *data* is empty, :exc:" "`StatisticsError` is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:180 msgid "" "The low median is always a member of the data set. When the number of data " "points is odd, the middle value is returned. When it is even, the smaller " "of the two middle values is returned." msgstr "" "La médiane basse est toujours une valeur représentée dans les données. " "Lorsque le nombre d'observations est impair, la valeur du milieu est " "renvoyée. Sinon, la plus petite des deux valeurs du milieu est renvoyée." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:191 msgid "" "Use the low median when your data are discrete and you prefer the median to " "be an actual data point rather than interpolated." msgstr "" "Utilisez la médiane basse lorsque vos données sont discrètes et que vous " "préférez que la médiane soit une valeur représentée dans vos observations " "plutôt que le résultat d'une interpolation." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:197 msgid "" "Return the high median of data. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` " "is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:200 msgid "" "The high median is always a member of the data set. When the number of data " "points is odd, the middle value is returned. When it is even, the larger of " "the two middle values is returned." msgstr "" "La médiane haute est toujours une valeur représentée dans les données. " "Lorsque le nombre d'observations est impair, la valeur du milieu est " "renvoyée. Sinon, la plus grande des deux valeurs du milieu est renvoyée." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:211 msgid "" "Use the high median when your data are discrete and you prefer the median to " "be an actual data point rather than interpolated." msgstr "" "Utilisez la médiane haute lorsque vos données sont discrètes et que vous " "préférez que la médiane soit une valeur représentée dans vos observations " "plutôt que le résultat d'une interpolation." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:217 msgid "" "Return the median of grouped continuous data, calculated as the 50th " "percentile, using interpolation. If *data* is empty, :exc:`StatisticsError` " "is raised. *data* can be a sequence or iterator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:226 msgid "" "In the following example, the data are rounded, so that each value " "represents the midpoint of data classes, e.g. 1 is the midpoint of the class " "0.5--1.5, 2 is the midpoint of 1.5--2.5, 3 is the midpoint of 2.5--3.5, " "etc. With the data given, the middle value falls somewhere in the class " "3.5--4.5, and interpolation is used to estimate it:" msgstr "" "Dans l'exemple ci-dessous, les valeurs sont arrondies de sorte que chaque " "valeur représente le milieu d'un groupe. Par exemple 1 est le milieu du " "groupe 0,5 - 1, 2 est le milieu du groupe 1,5 - 2,5, 3 est le milieu de 2,5 -" " 3,5, etc. Compte-tenu des valeurs ci-dessous, la valeur centrale se situe " "quelque part dans le groupe 3,5 - 4,5 et est estimée par interpolation :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:237 msgid "" "Optional argument *interval* represents the class interval, and defaults to " "1. Changing the class interval naturally will change the interpolation:" msgstr "" "L'argument optionnel *interval* représente la largeur de l'intervalle des " "groupes (par défaut, 1). Changer l'intervalle des groupes change bien sûr " "l'interpolation :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:247 msgid "" "This function does not check whether the data points are at least *interval* " "apart." msgstr "" "Cette fonction ne vérifie pas que les valeurs sont bien séparées d'au moins " "une fois *interval*." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:252 msgid "" "Under some circumstances, :func:`median_grouped` may coerce data points to " "floats. This behaviour is likely to change in the future." msgstr "" "Sous certaines conditions, :func:`median_grouped` peut convertir les valeurs " "en nombres à virgule flottante. Ce comportement est susceptible de changer " "dans le futur." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:257 msgid "" "\"Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences\", Frederick J Gravetter and Larry " "B Wallnau (8th Edition)." msgstr "" "*Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences*, Frederick J Gravetter et Larry B " "Wallnau (8\\ :sup:`e` édition, ouvrage en anglais)." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:260 msgid "" "Calculating the `median `_." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:262 msgid "" "The `SSMEDIAN `_ function in the Gnome Gnumeric " "spreadsheet, including `this discussion `_." msgstr "" "La fonction `SSMEDIAN `_ du tableur Gnome Gnumeric ainsi que " "`cette discussion `_." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:270 msgid "" "Return the most common data point from discrete or nominal *data*. The mode " "(when it exists) is the most typical value, and is a robust measure of " "central location." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:274 msgid "" "If *data* is empty, or if there is not exactly one most common value, :exc:" "`StatisticsError` is raised." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:277 msgid "" "``mode`` assumes discrete data, and returns a single value. This is the " "standard treatment of the mode as commonly taught in schools:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:285 msgid "" "The mode is unique in that it is the only statistic which also applies to " "nominal (non-numeric) data:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:296 msgid "" "Return the population standard deviation (the square root of the population " "variance). See :func:`pvariance` for arguments and other details." msgstr "" "Renvoie l'écart-type de la population (racine carrée de la variance de la " "population). Voir :func:`pvariance` pour les arguments et d'autres " "précisions." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:307 msgid "" "Return the population variance of *data*, a non-empty iterable of real-" "valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of " "the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates " "that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered " "closely around the mean." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:313 msgid "" "If the optional second argument *mu* is given, it should be the mean of " "*data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is " "automatically calculated." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:317 msgid "" "Use this function to calculate the variance from the entire population. To " "estimate the variance from a sample, the :func:`variance` function is " "usually a better choice." msgstr "" "Utilisez cette fonction pour calculer la variance sur une population " "complète. Pour estimer la variance à partir d'un échantillon, utilisez " "plutôt :func:`variance` à la place." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:321 msgid "Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* is empty." msgstr "Lève une erreur :exc:`StatisticsError` si *data* est vide." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:323 ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:397 msgid "Examples:" msgstr "Exemples :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:331 msgid "" "If you have already calculated the mean of your data, you can pass it as the " "optional second argument *mu* to avoid recalculation:" msgstr "" "Si vous connaissez la moyenne de vos données, il est possible de la passer " "comme argument optionnel *mu* lors de l'appel de fonction pour éviter de la " "calculer une nouvelle fois :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:340 msgid "" "This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual " "mean as *mu*. Using arbitrary values for *mu* may lead to invalid or " "impossible results." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:344 msgid "Decimals and Fractions are supported:" msgstr "La fonction gère les nombres décimaux et les fractions :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:358 msgid "" "When called with the entire population, this gives the population variance " "σ². When called on a sample instead, this is the biased sample variance s², " "also known as variance with N degrees of freedom." msgstr "" "Cette fonction renvoie la variance de la population σ² lorsqu'elle est " "appliquée sur la population entière. Si elle est appliquée seulement sur un " "échantillon, le résultat est alors la variance de l'échantillon s² ou " "variance à N degrés de liberté." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:362 msgid "" "If you somehow know the true population mean μ, you may use this function to " "calculate the variance of a sample, giving the known population mean as the " "second argument. Provided the data points are representative (e.g. " "independent and identically distributed), the result will be an unbiased " "estimate of the population variance." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:371 msgid "" "Return the sample standard deviation (the square root of the sample " "variance). See :func:`variance` for arguments and other details." msgstr "" "Renvoie l'écart-type de l'échantillon (racine carrée de la variance de " "l'échantillon). Voir :func:`variance` pour les arguments et plus de détails." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:382 msgid "" "Return the sample variance of *data*, an iterable of at least two real-" "valued numbers. Variance, or second moment about the mean, is a measure of " "the variability (spread or dispersion) of data. A large variance indicates " "that the data is spread out; a small variance indicates it is clustered " "closely around the mean." msgstr "" "Renvoie la variance de l'échantillon *data*, un itérable d'au moins deux " "valeurs réelles. La variance, ou moment de second ordre, est une mesure de " "la variabilité (ou dispersion) des données. Une variance élevée indique que " "les données sont très dispersées ; une variance faible indique que les " "valeurs sont resserrées autour de la moyenne." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:388 msgid "" "If the optional second argument *xbar* is given, it should be the mean of " "*data*. If it is missing or ``None`` (the default), the mean is " "automatically calculated." msgstr "" "Si le second argument optionnel *xbar* est spécifié, celui-ci doit " "correspondre à la moyenne de *data*. S'il n'est pas spécifié ou ``None`` " "(par défaut), la moyenne est automatiquement calculée." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:392 msgid "" "Use this function when your data is a sample from a population. To calculate " "the variance from the entire population, see :func:`pvariance`." msgstr "" "Utilisez cette fonction lorsque vos données forment un échantillon d'une " "population plus grande. Pour calculer la variance d'une population complète, " "utilisez :func:`pvariance`." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:395 msgid "Raises :exc:`StatisticsError` if *data* has fewer than two values." msgstr "" "Lève une erreur :exc:`StatisticsError` si *data* contient moins de deux " "éléments." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:405 msgid "" "If you have already calculated the mean of your data, you can pass it as the " "optional second argument *xbar* to avoid recalculation:" msgstr "" "Si vous connaissez la moyenne de vos données, il est possible de la passer " "comme argument optionnel *xbar* lors de l'appel de fonction pour éviter de " "la calculer une nouvelle fois :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:414 msgid "" "This function does not attempt to verify that you have passed the actual " "mean as *xbar*. Using arbitrary values for *xbar* can lead to invalid or " "impossible results." msgstr "" "Cette fonction ne vérifie pas que la valeur passée dans l'argument *xbar* " "correspond bien à la moyenne. Utiliser des valeurs arbitraires pour *xbar* " "produit des résultats impossibles ou incorrects." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:418 msgid "Decimal and Fraction values are supported:" msgstr "La fonction gère les nombres décimaux et les fractions :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:432 msgid "" "This is the sample variance s² with Bessel's correction, also known as " "variance with N-1 degrees of freedom. Provided that the data points are " "representative (e.g. independent and identically distributed), the result " "should be an unbiased estimate of the true population variance." msgstr "" "Cela correspond à la variance s² de l'échantillon avec correction de Bessel " "(ou variance à N-1 degrés de liberté). En supposant que les observations " "sont représentatives de la population (c'est-à-dire indépendantes et " "identiquement distribuées), alors le résultat est une estimation non biaisée " "de la variance." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:437 msgid "" "If you somehow know the actual population mean μ you should pass it to the :" "func:`pvariance` function as the *mu* parameter to get the variance of a " "sample." msgstr "" "Si vous connaissez d'avance la vraie moyenne μ de la population, vous " "devriez la passer à :func:`pvariance` comme paramètre *mu* pour obtenir la " "variance de l'échantillon." #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:442 msgid "Exceptions" msgstr "Exceptions" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:444 msgid "A single exception is defined:" msgstr "Une seule exception est définie :" #: ../Doc/library/statistics.rst:448 msgid "Subclass of :exc:`ValueError` for statistics-related exceptions." msgstr "" "Sous-classe de :exc:`ValueError` pour les exceptions liées aux statistiques."