# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2001-2016, Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2017-04-02 22:11+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:8 msgid "Built-in Types" msgstr "Types natifs" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:10 msgid "" "The following sections describe the standard types that are built into the " "interpreter." msgstr "" "Les sections suivantes décrivent les types standards intégrés à " "l'interpréteur." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:15 msgid "" "The principal built-in types are numerics, sequences, mappings, classes, " "instances and exceptions." msgstr "" "Les principaux types natifs sont les numériques, les séquences, les " "dictionnaires, les classes, les instances et les exceptions." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:18 msgid "" "Some collection classes are mutable. The methods that add, subtract, or " "rearrange their members in place, and don't return a specific item, never " "return the collection instance itself but ``None``." msgstr "" "Certaines classes de collection sont mutables. Les méthodes qui ajoutent, " "retirent, ou réorganisent leurs éléments sur place, et qui ne renvoient pas " "un élément spécifique, ne renvoient jamais l'instance de la collection elle-" "même, mais ``None``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:22 msgid "" "Some operations are supported by several object types; in particular, " "practically all objects can be compared, tested for truth value, and " "converted to a string (with the :func:`repr` function or the slightly " "different :func:`str` function). The latter function is implicitly used " "when an object is written by the :func:`print` function." msgstr "" "Certaines opérations sont prises en charge par plusieurs types d'objets; en " "particulier, pratiquement tous les objets peuvent être comparés, testés " "(valeur booléenne), et convertis en une chaîne (avec la fonction :func:" "`repr` ou la fonction légèrement différente :func:`str`). Cette dernière est " "implicitement utilisée quand un objet est écrit par la fonction :func:" "`print`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:32 msgid "Truth Value Testing" msgstr "Valeurs booléennes" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:41 msgid "" "Any object can be tested for truth value, for use in an :keyword:`if` or :" "keyword:`while` condition or as operand of the Boolean operations below. The " "following values are considered false:" msgstr "" "Tout objet peut être testé typiquement dans une condition :keyword:`if` ou :" "keyword:`while` ou comme opérande des opérations booléennes ci-dessous. Les " "valeurs suivantes sont considérées comme fausses :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:47 msgid "``None``" msgstr "``None``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:51 msgid "``False``" msgstr "``False``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:53 msgid "zero of any numeric type, for example, ``0``, ``0.0``, ``0j``." msgstr "zéro de tout type numérique, par exemple, ``0``, ``0.0``, ``0j``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:55 msgid "any empty sequence, for example, ``''``, ``()``, ``[]``." msgstr "toute séquence vide, par exemple, ``''``, ``()``, ``[]``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:57 msgid "any empty mapping, for example, ``{}``." msgstr "toute dictionnaire vide, par exemple, ``{}``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:59 msgid "" "instances of user-defined classes, if the class defines a :meth:`__bool__` " "or :meth:`__len__` method, when that method returns the integer zero or :" "class:`bool` value ``False``. [1]_" msgstr "" "pour les instances de classes définies par l'utilisateur, si la classe " "définit une méthode :meth:`__bool__` ou :meth:`__len__`, lorsque cette " "méthode renvoie le nombre entier zéro ou la valeur ``False`` de la classe :" "class:`bool`. [1]_" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:65 msgid "" "All other values are considered true --- so objects of many types are always " "true." msgstr "" "Toutes les autres valeurs sont considérées comme vraies --- donc des objets " "de beaucoup de types sont toujours vrais." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:74 msgid "" "Operations and built-in functions that have a Boolean result always return " "``0`` or ``False`` for false and ``1`` or ``True`` for true, unless " "otherwise stated. (Important exception: the Boolean operations ``or`` and " "``and`` always return one of their operands.)" msgstr "" "Les opérations et fonctions natives dont le résultat est booléen donnent " "toujours ``0`` ou ``False`` pour faux et ``1`` ou ``True`` pour vrai, sauf " "indication contraire. (Exception importante : les opérations booléennes " "``or`` et ``and`` renvoient toujours l'une de leurs opérandes.)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:83 msgid "Boolean Operations --- :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`or`, :keyword:`not`" msgstr "" "Opérations booléennes --- :keyword:`and`, :keyword:`or`, :keyword:`not`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:87 msgid "These are the Boolean operations, ordered by ascending priority:" msgstr "Ce sont les opérations booléennes, classées par priorité ascendante :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:90 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:148 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:276 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:365 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:413 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:849 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1044 msgid "Operation" msgstr "Opération" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:90 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:276 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:365 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:413 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:849 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1044 msgid "Result" msgstr "Résultat" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:90 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:276 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:413 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:849 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1044 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2157 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3253 msgid "Notes" msgstr "Notes" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:92 msgid "``x or y``" msgstr "``x or y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:92 msgid "if *x* is false, then *y*, else *x*" msgstr "si *x* est faux, alors *y*, sinon *x*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:92 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:286 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:851 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:854 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1055 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2163 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3259 msgid "\\(1)" msgstr "\\(1)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:95 msgid "``x and y``" msgstr "``x and y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:95 msgid "if *x* is false, then *x*, else *y*" msgstr "si *x* est faux, alors *x*, sinon *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:95 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:289 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:309 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1083 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2167 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2169 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3263 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3265 msgid "\\(2)" msgstr "\\(2)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:98 msgid "``not x``" msgstr "``not x``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:98 msgid "if *x* is false, then ``True``, else ``False``" msgstr "si *x* est faux, alors ``True``, sinon ``False``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:98 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:863 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1086 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2171 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2173 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2175 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2177 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3267 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3269 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3271 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3273 msgid "\\(3)" msgstr "\\(3)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:107 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:320 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:431 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:890 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1094 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2203 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3303 msgid "Notes:" msgstr "Notes : " #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:110 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is a short-circuit operator, so it only evaluates the second argument " "if the first one is false." msgstr "" "Ceci est un opérateur court-circuit, il évalue seulement le deuxième " "argument si le premier est :const:`False`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:114 #, fuzzy msgid "" "This is a short-circuit operator, so it only evaluates the second argument " "if the first one is true." msgstr "" "Ceci est un opérateur court-circuit, il évalue seulement le deuxième " "argument si le premier est :const:`True`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:118 msgid "" "``not`` has a lower priority than non-Boolean operators, so ``not a == b`` " "is interpreted as ``not (a == b)``, and ``a == not b`` is a syntax error." msgstr "" "``not`` a une priorité inférieure à celle des opérateurs non-booléens, donc " "``not a == b`` est interprété comme ``not (a == b)`` et ``a == not b`` est " "une erreur de syntaxe." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:125 msgid "Comparisons" msgstr "Comparaisons" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:139 msgid "" "There are eight comparison operations in Python. They all have the same " "priority (which is higher than that of the Boolean operations). Comparisons " "can be chained arbitrarily; for example, ``x < y <= z`` is equivalent to ``x " "< y and y <= z``, except that *y* is evaluated only once (but in both cases " "*z* is not evaluated at all when ``x < y`` is found to be false)." msgstr "" "Il y a huit opérations de comparaison en Python. Elles ont toutes la même " "priorité (qui est supérieure à celle des opérations booléennes). Les " "comparaisons peuvent être enchaînées arbitrairement; par exemple, ``x < y <= " "z`` est équivalent à ``x < y and y <= z``, sauf que *y* n'est évalué qu'une " "seule fois (mais dans les deux cas *z* n'est pas évalué du tout quand ``x < " "y`` est faux)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:145 msgid "This table summarizes the comparison operations:" msgstr "Ce tableau résume les opérations de comparaison :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:148 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2134 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2157 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3230 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3253 msgid "Meaning" msgstr "Signification" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:150 msgid "``<``" msgstr "``<``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:150 msgid "strictly less than" msgstr "strictement inférieur" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:152 msgid "``<=``" msgstr "``<=``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:152 msgid "less than or equal" msgstr "inférieur ou égal" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:154 msgid "``>``" msgstr "``>``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:154 msgid "strictly greater than" msgstr "strictement supérieur" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:156 msgid "``>=``" msgstr "``>=``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:156 msgid "greater than or equal" msgstr "supérieur ou égal" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:158 msgid "``==``" msgstr "``==``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:158 msgid "equal" msgstr "égal" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:160 msgid "``!=``" msgstr "``!=``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:160 msgid "not equal" msgstr "différent" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:162 msgid "``is``" msgstr "``is``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:162 msgid "object identity" msgstr "identité d'objet" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:164 msgid "``is not``" msgstr "``is not``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:164 msgid "negated object identity" msgstr "contraire de l'identité d'objet" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:171 msgid "" "Objects of different types, except different numeric types, never compare " "equal. Furthermore, some types (for example, function objects) support only " "a degenerate notion of comparison where any two objects of that type are " "unequal. The ``<``, ``<=``, ``>`` and ``>=`` operators will raise a :exc:" "`TypeError` exception when comparing a complex number with another built-in " "numeric type, when the objects are of different types that cannot be " "compared, or in other cases where there is no defined ordering." msgstr "" "Les objets de différents types, à l'exception de différents types " "numériques, ne peuvent en aucun cas être égaux. En outre, certains types " "(par exemple, les objets fonction) ne gèrent qu'une une notion dégénérée de " "la comparaisonoù deux objets de ce type sont inégaux. Les opérateurs ``<``, " "``<=``, ``>`` et ``>=`` lèvent une exception :exc:`TypeError` lorsqu'on " "compare un nombre complexe avec un autre type natif numérique, lorsque les " "objets sont de différents types qui ne peuvent pas être comparés, ou dans " "d'autres cas où il n'y a pas d'ordre défini." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:187 msgid "" "Non-identical instances of a class normally compare as non-equal unless the " "class defines the :meth:`__eq__` method." msgstr "" "Des instances différentes d'une classe sont normalement considérées " "différentes à moins que la classe ne définisse la méthode :meth:`__eq__`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:190 msgid "" "Instances of a class cannot be ordered with respect to other instances of " "the same class, or other types of object, unless the class defines enough of " "the methods :meth:`__lt__`, :meth:`__le__`, :meth:`__gt__`, and :meth:" "`__ge__` (in general, :meth:`__lt__` and :meth:`__eq__` are sufficient, if " "you want the conventional meanings of the comparison operators)." msgstr "" "Les instances d'une classe ne peuvent pas être ordonnées par rapport à " "d'autres instances de la même classe, ou d'autres types d'objets, à moins " "que la classe ne définisse suffisamment de méthodes parmi :meth:`__lt__`, :" "meth:`__le__`, :meth:`__gt__` et :meth:`__ge__` (en général, :meth:`__lt__` " "et :meth:`__eq__` sont suffisantes, si vous voulez les significations " "classiques des opérateurs de comparaison)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:196 msgid "" "The behavior of the :keyword:`is` and :keyword:`is not` operators cannot be " "customized; also they can be applied to any two objects and never raise an " "exception." msgstr "" "Le comportement des opérateurs :keyword:`is` et :keyword:`is not` ne peut " "pas être personnalisé; aussi ils peuvent être appliqués à deux objets " "quelconques et ne soulèvent jamais d'exception." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:204 msgid "" "Two more operations with the same syntactic priority, :keyword:`in` and :" "keyword:`not in`, are supported only by sequence types (below)." msgstr "" "Deux autres opérations avec la même priorité syntaxique, :keyword:`in` et :" "keyword:`not in`, sont pris en charge uniquement par des types séquence (ci-" "dessous)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:211 msgid "Numeric Types --- :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex`" msgstr "Types numériques --- :class:`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`complex`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:221 msgid "" "There are three distinct numeric types: :dfn:`integers`, :dfn:`floating " "point numbers`, and :dfn:`complex numbers`. In addition, Booleans are a " "subtype of integers. Integers have unlimited precision. Floating point " "numbers are usually implemented using :c:type:`double` in C; information " "about the precision and internal representation of floating point numbers " "for the machine on which your program is running is available in :data:`sys." "float_info`. Complex numbers have a real and imaginary part, which are each " "a floating point number. To extract these parts from a complex number *z*, " "use ``z.real`` and ``z.imag``. (The standard library includes additional " "numeric types, :mod:`fractions` that hold rationals, and :mod:`decimal` that " "hold floating-point numbers with user-definable precision.)" msgstr "" "Il existe trois types numériques distincts: :dfn:`integers`, :dfn:`floating " "point numbers` et :dfn:`complex numbers`. En outre, les booléens sont un " "sous-type des entiers. Les entiers ont une précision illimitée. Les nombres " "à virgule flottante sont généralement implémentés en utilisant des :c:type:" "`double` en C; des informations sur la précision et la représentation " "interne des nombres à virgule flottante pour la machine sur laquelle le " "programme est en cours d'exécution est disponible dans :data:`sys." "float_info`. Les nombres complexes ont une partie réelle et une partie " "imaginaire, qui sont chacunes des nombres à virgule flottante. Pour extraire " "ces parties d'un nombre complexe *z*, utilisez ``z.real`` et ``z.imag``. (La " "bibliothèque standard comprend d'autres types numériques, :mod:`fractions` " "qui stocke des rationnels et :mod:`decimal` qui stocke les nombres à virgule " "flottante avec une précision définissable par l'utilisateur.)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:243 msgid "" "Numbers are created by numeric literals or as the result of built-in " "functions and operators. Unadorned integer literals (including hex, octal " "and binary numbers) yield integers. Numeric literals containing a decimal " "point or an exponent sign yield floating point numbers. Appending ``'j'`` " "or ``'J'`` to a numeric literal yields an imaginary number (a complex number " "with a zero real part) which you can add to an integer or float to get a " "complex number with real and imaginary parts." msgstr "" "Les nombres sont créés par des littéraux numériques ou sont le résultat de " "fonctions natives ou d'opérateurs. Les entiers littéraux basiques (y compris " "leur forme hexadécimale, octale et binaire) donnent des entiers. Les nombres " "littéraux contenant un point décimal ou un exposant donnent des nombres à " "virgule flottante. Suffixer ``'j'`` ou ``'J'`` à un nombre littéral donne un " "nombre imaginaire (un nombre complexe avec une partie réelle nulle) que vous " "pouvez ajouter à un nombre entier ou un à virgule flottante pour obtenir un " "nombre complexe avec une partie réelle et une partie imaginaire." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:264 msgid "" "Python fully supports mixed arithmetic: when a binary arithmetic operator " "has operands of different numeric types, the operand with the \"narrower\" " "type is widened to that of the other, where integer is narrower than " "floating point, which is narrower than complex. Comparisons between numbers " "of mixed type use the same rule. [2]_ The constructors :func:`int`, :func:" "`float`, and :func:`complex` can be used to produce numbers of a specific " "type." msgstr "" "Python gère pleinement l'arithmétique mixte : quand un opérateur " "arithmétique binaire a des opérandes de types numériques différents, " "l'opérande avec le type \"le plus étroit\" est élargie au type de l'autre, " "où l'entier est plus étroit que la virgule flottante, qui est plus étroite " "que les complexes. Les comparaisons entre des nombres de type mixte " "utilisent la même règle. [2]_ Les constructeurs :func:`int`, :func:`float` " "et :func:`complex` peuvent être utilisé pour produire des nombres d'un type " "spécifique." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:271 msgid "" "All numeric types (except complex) support the following operations, sorted " "by ascending priority (all numeric operations have a higher priority than " "comparison operations):" msgstr "" "Tous les types numériques (sauf complexe) gèrent les opérations suivantes, " "classées par priorité ascendante (toutes les opérations numériques ont une " "priorité plus élevée que les opérations de comparaison) :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:276 msgid "Full documentation" msgstr "Documentation complète" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:278 msgid "``x + y``" msgstr "``x + y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:278 msgid "sum of *x* and *y*" msgstr "somme de *x* et *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:280 msgid "``x - y``" msgstr "``x - y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:280 msgid "difference of *x* and *y*" msgstr "différence de *x* et *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:282 msgid "``x * y``" msgstr "``x * y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:282 msgid "product of *x* and *y*" msgstr "produit de *x* et *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:284 msgid "``x / y``" msgstr "``x / y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:284 msgid "quotient of *x* and *y*" msgstr "quotient de *x* et *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:286 msgid "``x // y``" msgstr "``x // y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:286 msgid "floored quotient of *x* and *y*" msgstr "quotient entier de *x* et *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:289 msgid "``x % y``" msgstr "``x % y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:289 msgid "remainder of ``x / y``" msgstr "reste de ``x / y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:291 msgid "``-x``" msgstr "``-x``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:291 msgid "*x* negated" msgstr "négatif de *x*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:293 msgid "``+x``" msgstr "``+x``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:293 msgid "*x* unchanged" msgstr "*x* inchangé" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:295 msgid "``abs(x)``" msgstr "``abs(x)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:295 msgid "absolute value or magnitude of *x*" msgstr "valeur absolue de *x*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:295 msgid ":func:`abs`" msgstr ":func:`abs`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:298 msgid "``int(x)``" msgstr "``int(x)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:298 msgid "*x* converted to integer" msgstr "*x* converti en nombre entier" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:298 msgid "\\(3)\\(6)" msgstr "\\(3)\\(6)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:298 msgid ":func:`int`" msgstr ":func:`int`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:300 msgid "``float(x)``" msgstr "``float(x)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:300 msgid "*x* converted to floating point" msgstr "*x* converti en nombre à virgule flottante" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:300 msgid "\\(4)\\(6)" msgstr "\\(4)\\(6)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:300 msgid ":func:`float`" msgstr ":func:`float`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:302 msgid "``complex(re, im)``" msgstr "``complex(re, im)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:302 msgid "" "a complex number with real part *re*, imaginary part *im*. *im* defaults to " "zero." msgstr "" "un nombre complexe avec *re* pour partie réelle et *im* pour partie " "imaginaire. *im* vaut zéro par défaut." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:302 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1076 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2165 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3290 msgid "\\(6)" msgstr "\\(6)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:302 msgid ":func:`complex`" msgstr ":func:`complex`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:306 msgid "``c.conjugate()``" msgstr "``c.conjugate()``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:306 msgid "conjugate of the complex number *c*" msgstr "conjugué du nombre complexe *c*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:309 msgid "``divmod(x, y)``" msgstr "``divmod(x, y)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:309 msgid "the pair ``(x // y, x % y)``" msgstr "la paire ``(x // y, x % y)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:309 msgid ":func:`divmod`" msgstr ":func:`divmod`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:311 msgid "``pow(x, y)``" msgstr "``pow(x, y)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:311 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:313 msgid "*x* to the power *y*" msgstr "*x* à la puissance *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:311 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:313 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1065 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1068 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2190 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2193 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2196 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3286 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3293 msgid "\\(5)" msgstr "\\(5)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:311 msgid ":func:`pow`" msgstr ":func:`pow`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:313 msgid "``x ** y``" msgstr "``x ** y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:323 msgid "" "Also referred to as integer division. The resultant value is a whole " "integer, though the result's type is not necessarily int. The result is " "always rounded towards minus infinity: ``1//2`` is ``0``, ``(-1)//2`` is " "``-1``, ``1//(-2)`` is ``-1``, and ``(-1)//(-2)`` is ``0``." msgstr "" "Également appelé division entière. La valeur résultante est un nombre " "entier, bien que le type du résultat ne soit pas nécessairement *int*. Le " "résultat est toujours arrondi vers moins l'infini : ``1//2`` vaut ``0``, " "``(-1)//2`` vaut ``-1``, ``1//(-2)`` vaut ``-1``, et ``(-1)//(-2)`` vaut " "``0``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:329 msgid "" "Not for complex numbers. Instead convert to floats using :func:`abs` if " "appropriate." msgstr "" "Pas pour les nombres complexes. Convertissez-les plutôt en nombres flottants " "à l'aide de :func:`abs` si c'est approprié." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:341 msgid "" "Conversion from floating point to integer may round or truncate as in C; see " "functions :func:`math.floor` and :func:`math.ceil` for well-defined " "conversions." msgstr "" "La conversion de virgule flottante en entier peut arrondir ou tronquer comme " "en C; voir les fonctions :func:`math.floor` et :func:`math.ceil` pour des " "conversions bien définies." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:346 msgid "" "float also accepts the strings \"nan\" and \"inf\" with an optional prefix " "\"+\" or \"-\" for Not a Number (NaN) and positive or negative infinity." msgstr "" "float accepte aussi les chaînes \"nan\" et \"inf\" avec un préfixe optionnel " "\"+\" ou \"-\" pour *Not a Number* (NaN) et les infinis positif ou négatif." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:350 msgid "" "Python defines ``pow(0, 0)`` and ``0 ** 0`` to be ``1``, as is common for " "programming languages." msgstr "" "Python définit ``pow(0, 0)`` et ``0 ** 0`` valant ``1``, ​puisque c'est " "courant pour les langages de programmation, et logique." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:354 msgid "" "The numeric literals accepted include the digits ``0`` to ``9`` or any " "Unicode equivalent (code points with the ``Nd`` property)." msgstr "" "Les littéraux numériques acceptés comprennent les chiffres ``0`` à ``9`` ou " "tout équivalent Unicode (caractères avec la propriété ``Nd``)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:357 msgid "" "See http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/extracted/DerivedNumericType.txt " "for a complete list of code points with the ``Nd`` property." msgstr "" "Voir http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/extracted/DerivedNumericType." "txt pour une liste complète des caractères avec la propriété ``Nd``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:361 msgid "" "All :class:`numbers.Real` types (:class:`int` and :class:`float`) also " "include the following operations:" msgstr "" "Tous types :class:`numbers.Real` (:class:`int` et :class:`float`) " "comprennent également les opérations suivantes :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:367 msgid ":func:`math.trunc(\\ x) `" msgstr ":func:`math.trunc(\\ x) `" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:367 msgid "*x* truncated to :class:`~numbers.Integral`" msgstr "*x* tronqué à l':class:`~numbers.Integral`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:370 msgid ":func:`round(x[, n]) `" msgstr ":func:`round(x[, n]) `" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:370 msgid "" "*x* rounded to *n* digits, rounding half to even. If *n* is omitted, it " "defaults to 0." msgstr "" "*x* arrondi à *n* chiffres, arrondissant la moitié au pair. Si *n* est omis, " "la valeur par défaut à 0." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:374 msgid ":func:`math.floor(\\ x) `" msgstr ":func:`math.floor(\\ x) `" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:374 msgid "the greatest :class:`~numbers.Integral` <= *x*" msgstr "le plus grand :class:`~numbers.Integral` <= *x*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:377 msgid ":func:`math.ceil(x) `" msgstr ":func:`math.ceil(x) `" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:377 msgid "the least :class:`~numbers.Integral` >= *x*" msgstr "le plus petit :class:`~numbers.Integral` >= *x*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:381 msgid "" "For additional numeric operations see the :mod:`math` and :mod:`cmath` " "modules." msgstr "" "Pour d'autres opérations numériques voir les modules :mod:`math` et :mod:" "`cmath`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:390 msgid "Bitwise Operations on Integer Types" msgstr "Opérations sur les bits des nombres entiers" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:402 msgid "" "Bitwise operations only make sense for integers. Negative numbers are " "treated as their 2's complement value (this assumes that there are enough " "bits so that no overflow occurs during the operation)." msgstr "" "Les opérations sur les bits n'ont de sens que pour les entiers. Les nombres " "négatifs sont traités comme leur complément à 2 (ce qui suppose un assez " "grand nombre de bits afin qu'aucun débordement ne se produise pendant " "l'opération)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:406 msgid "" "The priorities of the binary bitwise operations are all lower than the " "numeric operations and higher than the comparisons; the unary operation " "``~`` has the same priority as the other unary numeric operations (``+`` and " "``-``)." msgstr "" "Les priorités de toutes les opération à deux opérandes sur des bits sont " "inférieures aux opérations numériques et plus élevées que les comparaisons; " "l'opération unaire ``~`` a la même priorité que les autres opérations " "numériques unaires (``+`` et ``-``)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:410 msgid "This table lists the bitwise operations sorted in ascending priority:" msgstr "" "Ce tableau répertorie les opérations binaires triées par priorité " "ascendante :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:415 msgid "``x | y``" msgstr "``x | y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:415 msgid "bitwise :dfn:`or` of *x* and *y*" msgstr ":dfn:`ou ` binaire de *x* et *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:418 msgid "``x ^ y``" msgstr "``x ^ y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:418 msgid "bitwise :dfn:`exclusive or` of *x* and *y*" msgstr ":dfn:`ou ` exclusive binaire de *x* et *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:421 msgid "``x & y``" msgstr "``x & y``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:421 msgid "bitwise :dfn:`and` of *x* and *y*" msgstr ":dfn:`et binaire ` de *x* et *y*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:424 msgid "``x << n``" msgstr "``x << n``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:424 msgid "*x* shifted left by *n* bits" msgstr "*x* décalé vers la gauche de *n* bits" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:424 msgid "(1)(2)" msgstr "(1)(2)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:426 msgid "``x >> n``" msgstr "``x >> n``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:426 msgid "*x* shifted right by *n* bits" msgstr "*x* décalé vers la droite de *n* bits" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:426 msgid "(1)(3)" msgstr "(1)(3)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:428 msgid "``~x``" msgstr "``~x``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:428 msgid "the bits of *x* inverted" msgstr "les bits de *x*, inversés" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:434 msgid "" "Negative shift counts are illegal and cause a :exc:`ValueError` to be raised." msgstr "" "Des valeurs de décalage négatives sont illégales et provoquent une " "exception :exc:`ValueError`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:437 msgid "" "A left shift by *n* bits is equivalent to multiplication by ``pow(2, n)`` " "without overflow check." msgstr "" "Un décalage à gauche de *n* bits est équivalent à la multiplication par " "``pow(2, n)`` sans vérification de débordement." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:441 msgid "" "A right shift by *n* bits is equivalent to division by ``pow(2, n)`` without " "overflow check." msgstr "" "Un décalage à droite de *n* les bits est équivalent à la division par " "``pow(2, n)`` sans vérification de débordement." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:446 msgid "Additional Methods on Integer Types" msgstr "Méthodes supplémentaires sur les entiers" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:448 msgid "" "The int type implements the :class:`numbers.Integral` :term:`abstract base " "class`. In addition, it provides a few more methods:" msgstr "" "Le type int implémente la :term:`classe de base abstraite ` :class:`numbers.Integral`. Il fournit aussi quelques autres " "méthodes :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:453 msgid "" "Return the number of bits necessary to represent an integer in binary, " "excluding the sign and leading zeros::" msgstr "" "Renvoie le nombre de bits nécessaires pour représenter un nombre entier en " "binaire, à l'exclusion du signe et des zéros non significatifs : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:462 msgid "" "More precisely, if ``x`` is nonzero, then ``x.bit_length()`` is the unique " "positive integer ``k`` such that ``2**(k-1) <= abs(x) < 2**k``. " "Equivalently, when ``abs(x)`` is small enough to have a correctly rounded " "logarithm, then ``k = 1 + int(log(abs(x), 2))``. If ``x`` is zero, then ``x." "bit_length()`` returns ``0``." msgstr "" "Plus précisément, si ``x`` est différent de zéro, ``x.bit_length()`` est le " "nombre entier positif unique, ``k`` tel que ``2**(k-1) <= abs(x) < 2**k``. " "Équivalemment, quand ``abs(x)`` est assez petit pour avoir un logarithme " "correctement arrondi, ``k = 1 + int(log(abs(x), 2))``. Si ``x`` est nul, " "alors ``x.bit_length()`` donne ``0``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:468 msgid "Equivalent to::" msgstr "Équivalent à : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:479 msgid "Return an array of bytes representing an integer." msgstr "Retourne un tableau d'octets représentant un nombre entier." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:491 msgid "" "The integer is represented using *length* bytes. An :exc:`OverflowError` is " "raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes." msgstr "" "L'entier est représenté par *length* octets. Une exception :exc:" "`OverflowError` est levée s'il n'est pas possible de représenter l'entier " "avec le nombre d'octets donnés." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:495 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:527 msgid "" "The *byteorder* argument determines the byte order used to represent the " "integer. If *byteorder* is ``\"big\"``, the most significant byte is at the " "beginning of the byte array. If *byteorder* is ``\"little\"``, the most " "significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native " "byte order of the host system, use :data:`sys.byteorder` as the byte order " "value." msgstr "" "L'argument *byteorder* détermine l'ordre des octets utilisé pour représenter " "le nombre entier. Si *byteorder* est ``\"big\"``, l'octet le plus " "significatif est au début du tableau d'octets. Si *byteorder* est ``\"little" "\"``, l'octet le plus significatif est à la fin du tableau d'octets. Pour " "demander l'ordre natif des octets du système hôte, donnez :data:`sys." "byteorder` comme *byteorder*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:502 msgid "" "The *signed* argument determines whether two's complement is used to " "represent the integer. If *signed* is ``False`` and a negative integer is " "given, an :exc:`OverflowError` is raised. The default value for *signed* is " "``False``." msgstr "" "L'argument *signed* détermine si le complément à deux est utilisé pour " "représenter le nombre entier. Si *signed* est ``False`` et qu'un entier " "négatif est donné, une exception :exc:`OverflowError` est levée. La valeur " "par défaut pour *signed* est ``False``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:511 msgid "Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes." msgstr "Done le nombre entier représenté par le tableau d'octets fourni." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:524 msgid "" "The argument *bytes* must either be a :term:`bytes-like object` or an " "iterable producing bytes." msgstr "" "L'argument *bytes* doit être soit un :term:`bytes-like object` soit un " "itérable produisant des *bytes*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:534 msgid "" "The *signed* argument indicates whether two's complement is used to " "represent the integer." msgstr "" "L'argument *signed* indique si le complément à deux est utilisé pour " "représenter le nombre entier." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:541 msgid "Additional Methods on Float" msgstr "Méthodes supplémentaires sur les nombres à virgule flottante" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:543 msgid "" "The float type implements the :class:`numbers.Real` :term:`abstract base " "class`. float also has the following additional methods." msgstr "" "Le type *float* implémente la :term:`classe de base abstraite ` :class:`numbers.Real` et a également les méthodes suivantes." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:548 msgid "" "Return a pair of integers whose ratio is exactly equal to the original float " "and with a positive denominator. Raises :exc:`OverflowError` on infinities " "and a :exc:`ValueError` on NaNs." msgstr "" "Renvoie une paire de nombres entiers dont le rapport est exactement égal au " "nombre d'origine et avec un dénominateur positif. Lève :exc:`OverflowError` " "avec un infini et :exc:`ValueError` avec un NaN." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:555 msgid "" "Return ``True`` if the float instance is finite with integral value, and " "``False`` otherwise::" msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si l'instance de *float* est finie avec une valeur entière, " "et ``False`` autrement : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:563 msgid "" "Two methods support conversion to and from hexadecimal strings. Since " "Python's floats are stored internally as binary numbers, converting a float " "to or from a *decimal* string usually involves a small rounding error. In " "contrast, hexadecimal strings allow exact representation and specification " "of floating-point numbers. This can be useful when debugging, and in " "numerical work." msgstr "" "Deux méthodes prennent en charge la conversion vers et à partir de chaînes " "hexadécimales. Étant donné que les *float* de Python sont stockés en interne " "sous forme de nombres binaires, la conversion d'un *float* depuis ou vers " "une chaine décimale implique généralement une petite erreur d'arrondi. En " "revanche, les chaînes hexadécimales permettent de représenter exactement les " "nombres à virgule flottante. Cela peut être utile lors du débogage, et dans " "un travail numérique." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:574 msgid "" "Return a representation of a floating-point number as a hexadecimal string. " "For finite floating-point numbers, this representation will always include a " "leading ``0x`` and a trailing ``p`` and exponent." msgstr "" "Donne une représentation d'un nombre à virgule flottante sous forme de " "chaîne hexadécimale. Pour les nombres à virgule flottante finis, cette " "représentation comprendra toujours un préfixe ``0x``, un suffixe ``p``, et " "un exposant." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:582 msgid "" "Class method to return the float represented by a hexadecimal string *s*. " "The string *s* may have leading and trailing whitespace." msgstr "" "Méthode de classe pour obtenir le *float* représenté par une chaîne de " "caractères hexadécimale *s*. La chaîne *s* peut contenir des espaces avant " "et après le chiffre." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:587 msgid "" "Note that :meth:`float.hex` is an instance method, while :meth:`float." "fromhex` is a class method." msgstr "" "Notez que :meth:`float.hex` est une méthode d'instance, alors que :meth:" "`float.fromhex` est une méthode de classe." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:590 msgid "A hexadecimal string takes the form::" msgstr "Une chaîne hexadécimale prend la forme : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:594 msgid "" "where the optional ``sign`` may by either ``+`` or ``-``, ``integer`` and " "``fraction`` are strings of hexadecimal digits, and ``exponent`` is a " "decimal integer with an optional leading sign. Case is not significant, and " "there must be at least one hexadecimal digit in either the integer or the " "fraction. This syntax is similar to the syntax specified in section 6.4.4.2 " "of the C99 standard, and also to the syntax used in Java 1.5 onwards. In " "particular, the output of :meth:`float.hex` is usable as a hexadecimal " "floating-point literal in C or Java code, and hexadecimal strings produced " "by C's ``%a`` format character or Java's ``Double.toHexString`` are accepted " "by :meth:`float.fromhex`." msgstr "" "où ``sign`` peut être soit ``+`` soit ``-``, ``integer`` et ``fraction`` " "sont des chaînes de chiffres hexadécimales, et ``exponent`` est un entier " "décimal facultativement signé. La casse n'est pas significative, et il doit " "y avoir au moins un chiffre hexadécimal soit dans le nombre entier soit dans " "la fraction. Cette syntaxe est similaire à la syntaxe spécifiée dans la " "section 6.4.4.2 de la norme C99, et est aussi la syntaxe utilisée à partir " "de Java 1.5. En particulier, la sortie de :meth:`float.hex` est utilisable " "comme valeur hexadécimale à virgule flottante littérale en C ou Java, et des " "chaînes hexadécimales produites en C via un format ``%a`` ou Java via " "``Double.toHexString`` sont acceptées par :meth:`float.fromhex`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:607 msgid "" "Note that the exponent is written in decimal rather than hexadecimal, and " "that it gives the power of 2 by which to multiply the coefficient. For " "example, the hexadecimal string ``0x3.a7p10`` represents the floating-point " "number ``(3 + 10./16 + 7./16**2) * 2.0**10``, or ``3740.0``::" msgstr "" "Notez que l'exposant est écrit en décimal plutôt qu'en hexadécimal, et qu'il " "donne la puissance de 2 par lequel multiplier le coefficient. Par exemple, " "la chaîne hexadécimale ``0x3.a7p10`` représente le nombre à virgule " "flottante ``(3 + 10./16 + 7./16**2) *2.0**10``, ou ``3740.0`` ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:617 msgid "" "Applying the reverse conversion to ``3740.0`` gives a different hexadecimal " "string representing the same number::" msgstr "" "L'application de la conversion inverse à ``3740.0`` donne une chaîne " "hexadécimale différente représentant le même nombre ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:627 msgid "Hashing of numeric types" msgstr "Hachage des types numériques" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:629 msgid "" "For numbers ``x`` and ``y``, possibly of different types, it's a requirement " "that ``hash(x) == hash(y)`` whenever ``x == y`` (see the :meth:`__hash__` " "method documentation for more details). For ease of implementation and " "efficiency across a variety of numeric types (including :class:`int`, :class:" "`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` and :class:`fractions.Fraction`) Python's " "hash for numeric types is based on a single mathematical function that's " "defined for any rational number, and hence applies to all instances of :" "class:`int` and :class:`fractions.Fraction`, and all finite instances of :" "class:`float` and :class:`decimal.Decimal`. Essentially, this function is " "given by reduction modulo ``P`` for a fixed prime ``P``. The value of ``P`` " "is made available to Python as the :attr:`modulus` attribute of :data:`sys." "hash_info`." msgstr "" "Pour deux nombres égaux ``x`` et ``y`` (``x == y``), pouvant être de " "différents types, il est une requis que ``hash(x) == hash(y)`` (voir la " "documentation de :meth:`__hash__`). Pour faciliter la mise en œuvre et " "l'efficacité à travers une variété de types numériques (y compris :class:" "`int`, :class:`float`, :class:`decimal.Decimal` et :class:`fractions." "Fraction`) le hachage en Python pour les types numérique est basé sur une " "fonction mathématique unique qui est définie pour tout nombre rationnel, et " "donc s'applique à toutes les instances de :class:`int` et :class:`fractions." "Fraction`, et toutes les instances finies de :class:`float` et :class:" "`decimal.Decimal`. Essentiellement, cette fonction est donnée par la " "réduction modulo ``P`` pour un nombre ``P`` premier fixe. La valeur de ``P`` " "est disponible comme attribut :attr:`modulus` de :data:`sys.hash_info`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:644 msgid "" "Currently, the prime used is ``P = 2**31 - 1`` on machines with 32-bit C " "longs and ``P = 2**61 - 1`` on machines with 64-bit C longs." msgstr "" "Actuellement, le premier utilisé est ``P = 2 ** 31 - 1`` sur des machines " "dont les *longs* en C sont de 32 bits ``P = 2 ** 61 - 1`` sur des machines " "dont les *longs* en C font 64 bits." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:647 msgid "Here are the rules in detail:" msgstr "Voici les règles en détail :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:649 msgid "" "If ``x = m / n`` is a nonnegative rational number and ``n`` is not divisible " "by ``P``, define ``hash(x)`` as ``m * invmod(n, P) % P``, where ``invmod(n, " "P)`` gives the inverse of ``n`` modulo ``P``." msgstr "" "Si ``x = m / n`` est un nombre rationnel non négatif et ``n`` n'est pas " "divisible par ``P``, définir ``hash(x)`` comme ``m * invmod(n, P) % P``, où " "``invmod(n, P)`` donne l'inverse de ``n`` modulo ``P``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:653 msgid "" "If ``x = m / n`` is a nonnegative rational number and ``n`` is divisible by " "``P`` (but ``m`` is not) then ``n`` has no inverse modulo ``P`` and the rule " "above doesn't apply; in this case define ``hash(x)`` to be the constant " "value ``sys.hash_info.inf``." msgstr "" "Si ``x = m / n`` est un nombre rationnel non négatif et ``n`` est divisible " "par ``P`` (mais ``m`` ne l'est pas), alors ``n`` n'a pas de modulo inverse " "``P`` et la règle ci-dessus n'est pas applicable; dans ce cas définir " "``hash(x)`` comme étant la valeur de la constante ``sys.hash_info.inf``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:658 msgid "" "If ``x = m / n`` is a negative rational number define ``hash(x)`` as ``-" "hash(-x)``. If the resulting hash is ``-1``, replace it with ``-2``." msgstr "" "Si ``x = m / n`` est un nombre rationnel négatif définir ``hash(x)`` comme " "``-hash(-x)``. Si le résultat est ``-1``, le remplacer par ``-2``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:662 msgid "" "The particular values ``sys.hash_info.inf``, ``-sys.hash_info.inf`` and " "``sys.hash_info.nan`` are used as hash values for positive infinity, " "negative infinity, or nans (respectively). (All hashable nans have the same " "hash value.)" msgstr "" "Les valeurs particulières ``sys.hash_info.inf``, ``-sys.hash_info.inf`` et " "``sys.hash_info.nan`` sont utilisées comme valeurs de hachage pour l'infini " "positif, l'infini négatif, ou *nans* (respectivement). (Tous les *nans* " "hachables ont la même valeur de hachage.)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:667 msgid "" "For a :class:`complex` number ``z``, the hash values of the real and " "imaginary parts are combined by computing ``hash(z.real) + sys.hash_info." "imag * hash(z.imag)``, reduced modulo ``2**sys.hash_info.width`` so that it " "lies in ``range(-2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1), 2**(sys.hash_info.width - " "1))``. Again, if the result is ``-1``, it's replaced with ``-2``." msgstr "" "Pour un nombre :class:`complexe ` ``z``, les valeurs de hachage des " "parties réelles et imaginaires sont combinées en calculant ``hash(z.real) + " "sys.hash_info.imag * hash(z.imag)``, réduit au modulo ``2**sys.hash_info." "width`` de sorte qu'il se trouve dans ``range(-2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1), " "2**(sys.hash_info.width - 1))``. Encore une fois, si le résultat est ``-1``, " "il est remplacé par ``-2``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:675 msgid "" "To clarify the above rules, here's some example Python code, equivalent to " "the built-in hash, for computing the hash of a rational number, :class:" "`float`, or :class:`complex`::" msgstr "" "Afin de clarifier les règles ci-dessus, voici quelques exemples de code " "Python, équivalent à la fonction de hachage native, pour calculer le hachage " "d'un nombre rationnel, d'un :class:`float`, ou d'un :class:`complex` ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:730 msgid "Iterator Types" msgstr "Les types Itérateurs" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:738 msgid "" "Python supports a concept of iteration over containers. This is implemented " "using two distinct methods; these are used to allow user-defined classes to " "support iteration. Sequences, described below in more detail, always " "support the iteration methods." msgstr "" "Python supporte un concept d'itération sur les conteneurs. C'est implémenté " "en utilisant deux méthodes distinctes qui permettent aux classes définies " "par l'utilisateur de devenir itérables. Les séquences, décrites plus bas en " "détail, supportent toujours les méthodes d'itération." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:743 msgid "" "One method needs to be defined for container objects to provide iteration " "support:" msgstr "" "Une méthode doit être définie afin que les objets conteneurs supportent " "l'itération :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:750 msgid "" "Return an iterator object. The object is required to support the iterator " "protocol described below. If a container supports different types of " "iteration, additional methods can be provided to specifically request " "iterators for those iteration types. (An example of an object supporting " "multiple forms of iteration would be a tree structure which supports both " "breadth-first and depth-first traversal.) This method corresponds to the :c:" "member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` slot of the type structure for Python objects " "in the Python/C API." msgstr "" "Donne un objet itérateur. L'objet doit implémenter le protocole d'itération " "décrit ci-dessous. Si un conteneur prend en charge différents types " "d'itération, d'autres méthodes peuvent être fournies pour obtenir " "spécifiquement les itérateurs pour ces types d'itération. (Exemple d'un " "objet supportant plusieurs formes d'itération : une structure d'arbre " "pouvant être parcourue en largeur ou en profondeur.) Cette méthode " "correspond à l'attribut :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` de la structure du " "type des objets Python dans l'API Python/C." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:759 msgid "" "The iterator objects themselves are required to support the following two " "methods, which together form the :dfn:`iterator protocol`:" msgstr "" "Les itérateurs eux-mêmes doivent implémenter les deux méthodes suivantes, " "qui forment ensemble le :dfn:`protocole d'itérateur ` :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:765 msgid "" "Return the iterator object itself. This is required to allow both " "containers and iterators to be used with the :keyword:`for` and :keyword:" "`in` statements. This method corresponds to the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject." "tp_iter` slot of the type structure for Python objects in the Python/C API." msgstr "" "Donne l'objet itérateur lui-même. Cela est nécessaire pour permettre à la " "fois à des conteneurs et des itérateurs d'être utilisés avec les " "instructions :keyword:`for` et :keyword:`in`. Cette méthode correspond à " "l'attribut :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iter` de la structure des types des " "objets Python dans l'API Python/C." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:773 msgid "" "Return the next item from the container. If there are no further items, " "raise the :exc:`StopIteration` exception. This method corresponds to the :c:" "member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` slot of the type structure for Python " "objects in the Python/C API." msgstr "" "Donne l'élément suivant du conteneur. S'il n'y a pas d'autres éléments, une " "exception :exc:`StopIteration` est levée. Cette méthode correspond à " "l'attribut :c:member:`PyTypeObject.tp_iternext` de la structure du type des " "objets Python dans l'API Python/C." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:778 msgid "" "Python defines several iterator objects to support iteration over general " "and specific sequence types, dictionaries, and other more specialized " "forms. The specific types are not important beyond their implementation of " "the iterator protocol." msgstr "" "Python définit plusieurs objets itérateurs pour itérer sur les types " "standards ou spécifiques de séquence, de dictionnaires et d'autres formes " "plus spécialisées. Les types spécifiques ne sont pas importants au-delà de " "leur implémentation du protocole d'itération." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:783 msgid "" "Once an iterator's :meth:`~iterator.__next__` method raises :exc:" "`StopIteration`, it must continue to do so on subsequent calls. " "Implementations that do not obey this property are deemed broken." msgstr "" "Dès que la méthode :meth:`~iterator .__next__` lève une exception :exc:" "`StopIteration`, elle doit continuer à le faire lors des appels ultérieurs." "Implémentations qui ne respectent pas cette propriété sont considérées " "cassées." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:791 msgid "Generator Types" msgstr "Types Générateurs" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:793 msgid "" "Python's :term:`generator`\\s provide a convenient way to implement the " "iterator protocol. If a container object's :meth:`__iter__` method is " "implemented as a generator, it will automatically return an iterator object " "(technically, a generator object) supplying the :meth:`__iter__` and :meth:" "`~generator.__next__` methods. More information about generators can be " "found in :ref:`the documentation for the yield expression `." msgstr "" "Les :term:`generator`\\s offrent un moyen pratique d'implémenter le " "protocole d'itération. Si la méthode :meth:`__iter__` d'un objet conteneur " "est implémentée comme un générateur, elle renverra automatiquement un objet " "*iterator* (techniquement, un objet générateur) fournissant les méthodes :" "meth:`__iter__` et :meth:`~generator.__next__`. Plus d'informations sur les " "générateurs peuvent être trouvés dans :ref:`la documentation de l'expression " "yield `." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:805 msgid "Sequence Types --- :class:`list`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`range`" msgstr "Types séquentiels --- :class:`list`, :class:`tuple`, :class:`range`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:807 msgid "" "There are three basic sequence types: lists, tuples, and range objects. " "Additional sequence types tailored for processing of :ref:`binary data " "` and :ref:`text strings ` are described in dedicated " "sections." msgstr "" "Il existe trois types séquentiels basiques: les *lists*, *tuples* et les " "*range*. D'autres types séquentiels spécifiques au traitement de :ref:" "`données binaires ` et :ref:`chaînes de caractères ` " "sont décrits dans des sections dédiées." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:816 msgid "Common Sequence Operations" msgstr "Opérations communes sur les séquences" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:820 msgid "" "The operations in the following table are supported by most sequence types, " "both mutable and immutable. The :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` ABC is " "provided to make it easier to correctly implement these operations on custom " "sequence types." msgstr "" "Les opérations dans le tableau ci-dessous sont pris en charge par la plupart " "des types séquentiels, variables et immuables. La classe de base abstraite :" "class:`collections.abc.Sequence` est fournie pour aider à implémenter " "correctement ces opérations sur les types séquentiels personnalisés." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:825 msgid "" "This table lists the sequence operations sorted in ascending priority. In " "the table, *s* and *t* are sequences of the same type, *n*, *i*, *j* and *k* " "are integers and *x* is an arbitrary object that meets any type and value " "restrictions imposed by *s*." msgstr "" "Ce tableau répertorie les opérations sur les séquences triées par priorité " "ascendante. Dans le tableau, *s,* et *t* sont des séquences du même type, " "*n*, *i*, *j* et *k* sont des nombres entiers et *x* est un objet arbitraire " "qui répond à toutes les restrictions de type et de valeur imposée par *s*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:830 msgid "" "The ``in`` and ``not in`` operations have the same priorities as the " "comparison operations. The ``+`` (concatenation) and ``*`` (repetition) " "operations have the same priority as the corresponding numeric operations." msgstr "" "Les opérations ``in`` et ``not in`` ont les mêmes priorités que les " "opérations de comparaison. Les opérations ``+`` (concaténation) et ``*`` " "(répétition) ont la même priorité que les opérations numériques " "correspondantes." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:851 msgid "``x in s``" msgstr "``x in s``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:851 msgid "``True`` if an item of *s* is equal to *x*, else ``False``" msgstr "``True`` si un élément de *s* est égal à *x*, sinon ``False``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:854 msgid "``x not in s``" msgstr "``x not in s``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:854 msgid "``False`` if an item of *s* is equal to *x*, else ``True``" msgstr "``False`` si un élément de *s* est égal à *x*, sinon ``True``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:857 msgid "``s + t``" msgstr "``s + t``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:857 msgid "the concatenation of *s* and *t*" msgstr "la concaténation de *s* et *t*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:857 msgid "(6)(7)" msgstr "(6)(7)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:860 msgid "``s * n`` or ``n * s``" msgstr "``s * n`` or ``n * s``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:860 msgid "equivalent to adding *s* to itself *n* times" msgstr "équivalent à ajouter *s* *n* fois à lui même" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:860 msgid "(2)(7)" msgstr "(2)(7)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:863 msgid "``s[i]``" msgstr "``s[i]``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:863 msgid "*i*\\ th item of *s*, origin 0" msgstr "*i*\\ ème élément de *s* en commençant par 0" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:865 msgid "``s[i:j]``" msgstr "``s[i:j]``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:865 msgid "slice of *s* from *i* to *j*" msgstr "tranche (*slice*) de *s* de *i* à *j*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:865 msgid "(3)(4)" msgstr "(3)(4)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:867 msgid "``s[i:j:k]``" msgstr "``s[i:j:k]``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:867 msgid "slice of *s* from *i* to *j* with step *k*" msgstr "tranche (*slice*) de *s* de *i* à *j* avec un pas de *k*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:867 msgid "(3)(5)" msgstr "(3)(5)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:870 msgid "``len(s)``" msgstr "``len(s)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:870 msgid "length of *s*" msgstr "longueur de *s*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:872 msgid "``min(s)``" msgstr "``min(s)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:872 msgid "smallest item of *s*" msgstr "plus petit élément de *s*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:874 msgid "``max(s)``" msgstr "``max(s)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:874 msgid "largest item of *s*" msgstr "plus grand élément de *s*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:876 msgid "``s.index(x[, i[, j]])``" msgstr "``s.index(x[, i[, j]])``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:876 msgid "" "index of the first occurrence of *x* in *s* (at or after index *i* and " "before index *j*)" msgstr "" "indice de la première occurrence de *x* dans *s* (à ou après l'indice *i* et " "avant indice *j*)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:876 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3261 msgid "\\(8)" msgstr "\\(8)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:880 msgid "``s.count(x)``" msgstr "``s.count(x)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:880 msgid "total number of occurrences of *x* in *s*" msgstr "nombre total d'occurrences de *x* dans *s*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:884 msgid "" "Sequences of the same type also support comparisons. In particular, tuples " "and lists are compared lexicographically by comparing corresponding " "elements. This means that to compare equal, every element must compare equal " "and the two sequences must be of the same type and have the same length. " "(For full details see :ref:`comparisons` in the language reference.)" msgstr "" "Les séquences du même type supportent également la comparaison. En " "particulier, les *tuples* et les listes sont comparées lexicographiquement " "en comparant les éléments correspondants. Cela signifie que pour être " "égales, chaques éléments doivent être égaux deux à deux et les deux " "séquences doivent être du même type et de la même longueur. (Pour plus de " "détails voir :ref:`comparisons` dans la référence du langage.)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:893 msgid "" "While the ``in`` and ``not in`` operations are used only for simple " "containment testing in the general case, some specialised sequences (such " "as :class:`str`, :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray`) also use them for " "subsequence testing::" msgstr "" "Bien que les opérations ``in`` et ``not in`` ne soient généralement " "utilisées que pour les tests d'appartenance simple, certaines séquences " "spécialisées (telles que :class:`str`, :class:`bytes` et :class:`bytearray`) " "les utilisent aussi pour tester l'existence de sous-séquences : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:902 msgid "" "Values of *n* less than ``0`` are treated as ``0`` (which yields an empty " "sequence of the same type as *s*). Note that items in the sequence *s* are " "not copied; they are referenced multiple times. This often haunts new " "Python programmers; consider::" msgstr "" "Les valeurs de *n* plus petites que ``0`` sont traités comme ``0`` (ce qui " "donne une séquence vide du même type que *s*). Notez que les éléments de *s* " "ne sont pas copiés; ils sont référencés plusieurs fois. Cela hante souvent " "de nouveaux développeurs Python, typiquement : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:914 msgid "" "What has happened is that ``[[]]`` is a one-element list containing an empty " "list, so all three elements of ``[[]] * 3`` are references to this single " "empty list. Modifying any of the elements of ``lists`` modifies this single " "list. You can create a list of different lists this way::" msgstr "" "Ce qui est arrivé est que ``[[]]`` est une liste à un élément contenant une " "liste vide, de sorte que les trois éléments de ``[[]] * 3`` sont des " "références à cette seule liste vide. Modifier l'un des éléments de ``lists`` " "modifie cette liste unique. Vous pouvez créer une liste des différentes " "listes de cette façon : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:926 msgid "" "Further explanation is available in the FAQ entry :ref:`faq-multidimensional-" "list`." msgstr "" "De plus amples explications sont disponibles dans la FAQ à la question :ref:" "`faq-multidimensional-list`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:930 #, fuzzy msgid "" "If *i* or *j* is negative, the index is relative to the end of sequence *s*: " "``len(s) + i`` or ``len(s) + j`` is substituted. But note that ``-0`` is " "still ``0``." msgstr "" "Si *i* ou *j* sont négatifs, l'indice est relatif à la fin de la chaîne : " "``len(s) + i`` ou ``len(s) + j`` est substitué. Mais notez que ``-0`` est " "toujours ``0``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:935 msgid "" "The slice of *s* from *i* to *j* is defined as the sequence of items with " "index *k* such that ``i <= k < j``. If *i* or *j* is greater than " "``len(s)``, use ``len(s)``. If *i* is omitted or ``None``, use ``0``. If " "*j* is omitted or ``None``, use ``len(s)``. If *i* is greater than or equal " "to *j*, the slice is empty." msgstr "" "La tranche de *s* de *i* à *j* est définie comme la séquence d'éléments " "d'indice *k* tels que ``i <= k < j``. Si *i* ou *j* est supérieur à " "``len(s)``, ``len(s)`` est utilisé. Si *i* est omis ou ``None``, ``0`` est " "utilisé. Si *j* est omis ou ``None``, ``len(s)`` est utilisé. Si *i* est " "supérieure ou égale à *j*, la tranche est vide." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:942 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The slice of *s* from *i* to *j* with step *k* is defined as the sequence of " "items with index ``x = i + n*k`` such that ``0 <= n < (j-i)/k``. In other " "words, the indices are ``i``, ``i+k``, ``i+2*k``, ``i+3*k`` and so on, " "stopping when *j* is reached (but never including *j*). When *k* is " "positive, *i* and *j* are reduced to ``len(s)`` if they are greater. When " "*k* is negative, *i* and *j* are reduced to ``len(s) - 1`` if they are " "greater. If *i* or *j* are omitted or ``None``, they become \"end\" values " "(which end depends on the sign of *k*). Note, *k* cannot be zero. If *k* is " "``None``, it is treated like ``1``." msgstr "" "La tranche de *s* de *i* à *j* avec un pas de *k* est définie comme la " "séquence d'éléments d'indice ``x = i + n*k`` tels que ``0 <= n < (j-i)/k``. " "En d'autres termes, les indices sont ``i``, ``i+k``, ``i+2*k``, ``i+3*k`` et " "ainsi de suite, en arrêtant lorsque *j* est atteint (mais jamais inclus). Si " "*i* ou *j* est supérieur à ``len(s)``, ``len(s)`` est utilisé. Si *i* ou *j* " "sont omis ou ``None``, ils deviennent des valeurs \"extrêmes\" (où l'ordre " "dépend du signe de *k*). Remarquez, *k* ne peut pas valoir zéro. Si *k* est " "``None``, il est traité comme ``1``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:953 msgid "" "Concatenating immutable sequences always results in a new object. This " "means that building up a sequence by repeated concatenation will have a " "quadratic runtime cost in the total sequence length. To get a linear " "runtime cost, you must switch to one of the alternatives below:" msgstr "" "Concaténer des séquences immuables donne toujours un nouvel objet. Cela " "signifie que la construction d'une séquence par concaténations répétées aura " "une durée d'exécution quadratique par rapport à la longueur de la séquence " "totale. Pour obtenir un temps d'exécution linéaire, vous devez utiliser " "l'une des alternatives suivantes :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:958 msgid "" "if concatenating :class:`str` objects, you can build a list and use :meth:" "`str.join` at the end or else write to an :class:`io.StringIO` instance and " "retrieve its value when complete" msgstr "" "si vous concatennez des :class:`str`, vous pouvez construire une liste puis " "utiliser :meth:`str.join` à la fin, ou bien écrire dans une instance de :" "class:`io.StringIO` et récupérer sa valeur lorsque vous avez terminé" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:962 msgid "" "if concatenating :class:`bytes` objects, you can similarly use :meth:`bytes." "join` or :class:`io.BytesIO`, or you can do in-place concatenation with a :" "class:`bytearray` object. :class:`bytearray` objects are mutable and have " "an efficient overallocation mechanism" msgstr "" "si vous concatennez des :class:`bytes`, vous pouvez aussi utiliser :meth:" "`bytes.join` ou :class:`io.BytesIO`, ou vous pouvez faire les concaténation " "sur place avec un objet :class:`bytearray`. Les objets :class:`bytearray` " "sont mutables et ont un mécanisme de sur-allocation efficace" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:967 msgid "if concatenating :class:`tuple` objects, extend a :class:`list` instead" msgstr "" "si vous concatennez des :class:`tuple`, utilisez plutôt *extend* sur une :" "class:`list`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:969 msgid "for other types, investigate the relevant class documentation" msgstr "" "pour d'autres types, cherchez dans la documentation de la classe concernée" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:973 msgid "" "Some sequence types (such as :class:`range`) only support item sequences " "that follow specific patterns, and hence don't support sequence " "concatenation or repetition." msgstr "" "Certains types séquenciels (tels que :class:`range`) ne supportent que des " "séquences qui suivent des modèles spécifiques, et donc ne prennent pas en " "charge la concaténation ou la répétition." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:978 msgid "" "``index`` raises :exc:`ValueError` when *x* is not found in *s*. When " "supported, the additional arguments to the index method allow efficient " "searching of subsections of the sequence. Passing the extra arguments is " "roughly equivalent to using ``s[i:j].index(x)``, only without copying any " "data and with the returned index being relative to the start of the sequence " "rather than the start of the slice." msgstr "" "``index`` lève une exception :exc:`ValueError` quand *x* ne se trouve pas " "dans *s*. Lorsqu'ils sont supportés, les arguments supplémentaires de la " "méthode ``index`` permettent une recherche efficace des sous-sequences dans " "la séquence. Donner ces arguments est plus ou moins équivalent à ``s[i:j]." "index(x)``, sans copier les données, et dont l'indice retourné est relatif " "au début de la séquence plutôt qu'au début de la tranche." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:989 msgid "Immutable Sequence Types" msgstr "Types de Séquences Immuables" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:996 msgid "" "The only operation that immutable sequence types generally implement that is " "not also implemented by mutable sequence types is support for the :func:" "`hash` built-in." msgstr "" "La seule opération que les types de séquences immutables implémentent qui " "n'est pas implémentée par les types de séquences mutables est le support de " "la fonction native :func:`hash`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1000 msgid "" "This support allows immutable sequences, such as :class:`tuple` instances, " "to be used as :class:`dict` keys and stored in :class:`set` and :class:" "`frozenset` instances." msgstr "" "Cette implémentation permet d'utiliser des séquences immutables, comme les " "instances de :class:`tuple`, en tant que clés de :class:`dict` et stockées " "dans les instances de :class:`set` et :class:`frozenset`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1004 msgid "" "Attempting to hash an immutable sequence that contains unhashable values " "will result in :exc:`TypeError`." msgstr "" "Essayer de hacher une séquence immuable qui contient des valeurs non-" "hachables lèvera une :exc:`TypeError`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1011 msgid "Mutable Sequence Types" msgstr "Types de séquences mutables" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1018 msgid "" "The operations in the following table are defined on mutable sequence types. " "The :class:`collections.abc.MutableSequence` ABC is provided to make it " "easier to correctly implement these operations on custom sequence types." msgstr "" "Les opérations dans le tableau ci-dessous sont définies sur les types de " "séquences mutables. La classe de base abstraite :class:`collections.abc." "MutableSequence` est prévue pour faciliter l'implémentation correcte de ces " "opérations sur les types de séquence personnalisées." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1022 msgid "" "In the table *s* is an instance of a mutable sequence type, *t* is any " "iterable object and *x* is an arbitrary object that meets any type and value " "restrictions imposed by *s* (for example, :class:`bytearray` only accepts " "integers that meet the value restriction ``0 <= x <= 255``)." msgstr "" "Dans le tableau *s* est une instance d'un type de séquence mutable, *t* est " "un objet itérable et *x* est un objet arbitraire qui répond à toutes les " "restrictions de type et de valeur imposées par *s* (par exemple, :class:" "`bytearray` accepte uniquement des nombres entiers qui répondent à la " "restriction de la valeur ``0 <= x <= 255``)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1046 msgid "``s[i] = x``" msgstr "``s[i] = x``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1046 msgid "item *i* of *s* is replaced by *x*" msgstr "element *i* de *s* est remplacé par *x*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1049 msgid "``s[i:j] = t``" msgstr "``s[i:j] = t``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1049 msgid "" "slice of *s* from *i* to *j* is replaced by the contents of the iterable *t*" msgstr "" "tranche de *s* de *i* à *j* est remplacée par le contenu de l'itérable *t*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1053 msgid "``del s[i:j]``" msgstr "``del s[i:j]``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1053 msgid "same as ``s[i:j] = []``" msgstr "identique à ``s[i:j] = []``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1055 msgid "``s[i:j:k] = t``" msgstr "``s[i:j:k] = t``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1055 msgid "the elements of ``s[i:j:k]`` are replaced by those of *t*" msgstr "les éléments de ``s[i:j:k]`` sont remplacés par ceux de *t*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1058 msgid "``del s[i:j:k]``" msgstr "``del s[i:j:k]``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1058 msgid "removes the elements of ``s[i:j:k]`` from the list" msgstr "supprime les éléments de ``s[i:j:k]`` de la liste" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1061 msgid "``s.append(x)``" msgstr "``s.append(x)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1061 msgid "" "appends *x* to the end of the sequence (same as ``s[len(s):len(s)] = [x]``)" msgstr "" "ajoute *x* à la fin de la séquence (identique à ``s[len(s):len(s)] = [x]``)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1065 msgid "``s.clear()``" msgstr "``s.clear()``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1065 msgid "removes all items from ``s`` (same as ``del s[:]``)" msgstr "supprime tous les éléments de ``s`` (identique à ``del s[:]``)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1068 msgid "``s.copy()``" msgstr "``s.copy()``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1068 msgid "creates a shallow copy of ``s`` (same as ``s[:]``)" msgstr "crée une copie superficielle de ``s`` (identique à ``s[:]``)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1071 msgid "``s.extend(t)`` or ``s += t``" msgstr "``s.extend(t)`` or ``s += t``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1071 msgid "" "extends *s* with the contents of *t* (for the most part the same as " "``s[len(s):len(s)] = t``)" msgstr "étend *s* avec le contenu de *t* (proche de ``s[len(s):len(s)] = t``)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1076 msgid "``s *= n``" msgstr "``s *= n``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1076 msgid "updates *s* with its contents repeated *n* times" msgstr "met à jour *s* avec son contenu répété *n* fois" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1079 msgid "``s.insert(i, x)``" msgstr "``s.insert(i, x)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1079 msgid "" "inserts *x* into *s* at the index given by *i* (same as ``s[i:i] = [x]``)" msgstr "" "insère *x* dans *s* à l'index donné par *i* (identique à ``s[i:i] = [x]``)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1083 msgid "``s.pop([i])``" msgstr "``s.pop([i])``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1083 msgid "retrieves the item at *i* and also removes it from *s*" msgstr "récupère l'élément à *i* et le supprime de *s*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1086 msgid "``s.remove(x)``" msgstr "``s.remove(x)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1086 msgid "remove the first item from *s* where ``s[i] == x``" msgstr "supprime le premier élément de *s* pour qui ``s[i] == x``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1089 msgid "``s.reverse()``" msgstr "``s.reverse()``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1089 msgid "reverses the items of *s* in place" msgstr "inverse sur place les éléments de *s*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1089 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2179 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2183 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3275 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3279 msgid "\\(4)" msgstr "\\(4)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1097 msgid "*t* must have the same length as the slice it is replacing." msgstr "*t* doit avoir la même longueur que la tranche qu'il remplace." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1100 msgid "" "The optional argument *i* defaults to ``-1``, so that by default the last " "item is removed and returned." msgstr "" "L'argument optionnel *i* vaut ``-1`` par défaut, afin que, par défaut, le " "dernier élément soit retiré et renvoyé." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1104 msgid "``remove`` raises :exc:`ValueError` when *x* is not found in *s*." msgstr "" "``remove`` lève une exception :exc:`ValueError` si *x* ne se trouve pas dans " "*s*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1107 msgid "" "The :meth:`reverse` method modifies the sequence in place for economy of " "space when reversing a large sequence. To remind users that it operates by " "side effect, it does not return the reversed sequence." msgstr "" "La méthode :meth:`reverse` modifie les séquence sur place pour économiser de " "l'espace lors du traitement de grandes séquences. Pour rappeler aux " "utilisateurs qu'elle a un effet de bord, elle ne renvoie pas la séquence " "inversée." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1112 msgid "" ":meth:`clear` and :meth:`!copy` are included for consistency with the " "interfaces of mutable containers that don't support slicing operations (such " "as :class:`dict` and :class:`set`)" msgstr "" ":meth:`clear` et :meth:`!copy` sont inclues pour la compatibilité avec les " "interfaces des conteneurs mutables qui ne supportent pas les opérations de " "découpage (comme :class:`dict` et :class:`set`)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1116 msgid ":meth:`clear` and :meth:`!copy` methods." msgstr "méthodes :meth:`clear` et :meth:`!copy`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1120 msgid "" "The value *n* is an integer, or an object implementing :meth:`~object." "__index__`. Zero and negative values of *n* clear the sequence. Items in " "the sequence are not copied; they are referenced multiple times, as " "explained for ``s * n`` under :ref:`typesseq-common`." msgstr "" "La valeur *n* est un entier, ou un objet implémentant :meth:`~object." "__index__`. Zéro et les valeurs négatives de *n* permettent d'effacer la " "séquence. Les éléments dans la séquence ne sont pas copiés; ils sont " "référencés plusieurs fois, comme expliqué pour ``s * n`` dans :ref:`typesseq-" "common`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1129 msgid "Lists" msgstr "Les listes" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1133 msgid "" "Lists are mutable sequences, typically used to store collections of " "homogeneous items (where the precise degree of similarity will vary by " "application)." msgstr "" "Les listes sont des séquences mutables, généralement utilisées pour stocker " "des collections d'éléments homogènes (où le degré de similitude variera " "selon l'usage)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1139 msgid "Lists may be constructed in several ways:" msgstr "Les listes peuvent être construites de différentes manières :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1141 msgid "Using a pair of square brackets to denote the empty list: ``[]``" msgstr "" "En utilisant une paire de crochets pour indiquer une liste vide : ``[]``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1142 msgid "" "Using square brackets, separating items with commas: ``[a]``, ``[a, b, c]``" msgstr "" "Au moyen de crochets, séparant les éléments par des virgules : ``[a]``, " "``[a, b, c]``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1143 msgid "Using a list comprehension: ``[x for x in iterable]``" msgstr "En utilisant une liste en compréhension : ``[x for x in iterable]``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1144 msgid "Using the type constructor: ``list()`` or ``list(iterable)``" msgstr "" "En utilisant le constructeur du type : ``list()`` ou ``list(iterable)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1146 msgid "" "The constructor builds a list whose items are the same and in the same order " "as *iterable*'s items. *iterable* may be either a sequence, a container " "that supports iteration, or an iterator object. If *iterable* is already a " "list, a copy is made and returned, similar to ``iterable[:]``. For example, " "``list('abc')`` returns ``['a', 'b', 'c']`` and ``list( (1, 2, 3) )`` " "returns ``[1, 2, 3]``. If no argument is given, the constructor creates a " "new empty list, ``[]``." msgstr "" "Le constructeur crée une liste dont les éléments sont les mêmes et dans le " "même ordre que les éléments d'*iterable*. *iterable* peut être soit une " "séquence, un conteneur qui supporte l'itération, soit un itérateur. Si " "*iterable* est déjà une liste, une copie est faite et retournée, comme avec " "``iterable[:]``. Par exemple, ``list('abc')`` retourne ``['a', 'b', 'c']`` " "et ``list( (1, 2, 3) )`` retourne ``[1, 2, 3]``. Si aucun argument est " "donné, le constructeur crée une nouvelle liste vide, ``[]``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1155 msgid "" "Many other operations also produce lists, including the :func:`sorted` built-" "in." msgstr "" "De nombreuses autres opérations produisent des listes, tel que la fonction " "native :func:`sorted`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1158 msgid "" "Lists implement all of the :ref:`common ` and :ref:`mutable " "` sequence operations. Lists also provide the following " "additional method:" msgstr "" "Les listes supportent toutes les opérations des séquences :ref:`communes " "` et :ref:`mutables `. Les listes " "fournissent également la méthode supplémentaire suivante :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1164 msgid "" "This method sorts the list in place, using only ``<`` comparisons between " "items. Exceptions are not suppressed - if any comparison operations fail, " "the entire sort operation will fail (and the list will likely be left in a " "partially modified state)." msgstr "" "Cette méthode trie la liste sur place, en utilisant uniquement des " "comparaisons ``<`` entre les éléments. Les exceptions ne sont pas supprimées " "- si n'importe quelle opération de comparaison échoue, le tri échouera (et " "la liste sera probablement laissée dans un état partiellement modifié)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1169 msgid "" ":meth:`sort` accepts two arguments that can only be passed by keyword (:ref:" "`keyword-only arguments `):" msgstr "" ":meth:`sort` accepte deux arguments qui ne peuvent être fournis que par mot-" "clé (:ref:`keyword-only arguments `):" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1172 msgid "" "*key* specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract a " "comparison key from each list element (for example, ``key=str.lower``). The " "key corresponding to each item in the list is calculated once and then used " "for the entire sorting process. The default value of ``None`` means that " "list items are sorted directly without calculating a separate key value." msgstr "" "*key* spécifie une fonction d'un argument utilisée pour extraire une clé de " "comparaison de chaque élément de la liste (par exemple, ``key=str.lower``). " "La clé correspondant à chaque élément de la liste n'est calculée qu'une " "seule fois, puis utilisée durant tout le processus. La valeur par défaut, " "``None``, signifie que les éléments sont triés directement sans en calculer " "une valeur \"clé\" séparée." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1179 msgid "" "The :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` utility is available to convert a 2.x style " "*cmp* function to a *key* function." msgstr "" "La fonction utilitaire :func:`functools.cmp_to_key` est disponible pour " "convertir une fonction *cmp* du style 2.x à une fonction *key*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1182 msgid "" "*reverse* is a boolean value. If set to ``True``, then the list elements " "are sorted as if each comparison were reversed." msgstr "" "*reverse*, une valeur booléenne. Si elle est ``True``, la liste d'éléments " "est triée comme si toutes les comparaisons étaient inversées." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1185 msgid "" "This method modifies the sequence in place for economy of space when sorting " "a large sequence. To remind users that it operates by side effect, it does " "not return the sorted sequence (use :func:`sorted` to explicitly request a " "new sorted list instance)." msgstr "" "Cette méthode modifie la séquence sur place pour économiser de l'espace lors " "du tri de grandes séquences. Pour rappeler aux utilisateurs cet effet de " "bord, elle ne renvoie pas la séquence triée (utilisez :func:`sorted` pour " "demander explicitement une nouvelle instance de liste triée)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1190 msgid "" "The :meth:`sort` method is guaranteed to be stable. A sort is stable if it " "guarantees not to change the relative order of elements that compare equal " "--- this is helpful for sorting in multiple passes (for example, sort by " "department, then by salary grade)." msgstr "" "La méthode :meth:`sort` est garantie stable. Un tri est stable s'il garantit " "de ne pas changer l'ordre relatif des éléments égaux --- cela est utile pour " "trier en plusieurs passes (par exemple, trier par département, puis par " "niveau de salaire)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1197 msgid "" "While a list is being sorted, the effect of attempting to mutate, or even " "inspect, the list is undefined. The C implementation of Python makes the " "list appear empty for the duration, and raises :exc:`ValueError` if it can " "detect that the list has been mutated during a sort." msgstr "" "L'effet de tenter de modifier, ou même inspecter la liste pendant qu'elle se " "fait trier est indéfini. L'implémentation C de Python fait apparaître la " "liste comme vide pour la durée du traitement, et soulève :exc:`ValueError` " "si elle détecte que la liste a été modifiée au cours du tri." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1206 msgid "Tuples" msgstr "Tuples" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1210 msgid "" "Tuples are immutable sequences, typically used to store collections of " "heterogeneous data (such as the 2-tuples produced by the :func:`enumerate` " "built-in). Tuples are also used for cases where an immutable sequence of " "homogeneous data is needed (such as allowing storage in a :class:`set` or :" "class:`dict` instance)." msgstr "" "Les tuples (*uplets* en français) sont des séquences immuables, généralement " "utilisées pour stocker des collections de données hétérogènes (tels que les " "tuples de deux éléments produits par la fonction native :func:`enumerate`). " "Les tuples sont également utilisés dans des cas où une séquence homogène et " "immuable de données est nécessaire (pour, par exemple, les stocker dans un :" "class:`set` ou un :class:`dict`)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1218 msgid "Tuples may be constructed in a number of ways:" msgstr "Les tuples peuvent être construits de différentes façons :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1220 msgid "Using a pair of parentheses to denote the empty tuple: ``()``" msgstr "" "En utilisant une paire de parenthèses pour désigner le tuple vide : ``()``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1221 msgid "Using a trailing comma for a singleton tuple: ``a,`` or ``(a,)``" msgstr "" "En utilisant une virgule, pour créer un tuple d'un élément : ``a,`` ou " "``(a,)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1222 msgid "Separating items with commas: ``a, b, c`` or ``(a, b, c)``" msgstr "" "En séparant les éléments avec des virgules : ``a, b, c`` ou ``(a, b, c)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1223 msgid "Using the :func:`tuple` built-in: ``tuple()`` or ``tuple(iterable)``" msgstr "" "En utilisant la fonction native :func:`tuple` : ``tuple()`` ou " "``tuple(iterable)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1225 msgid "" "The constructor builds a tuple whose items are the same and in the same " "order as *iterable*'s items. *iterable* may be either a sequence, a " "container that supports iteration, or an iterator object. If *iterable* is " "already a tuple, it is returned unchanged. For example, ``tuple('abc')`` " "returns ``('a', 'b', 'c')`` and ``tuple( [1, 2, 3] )`` returns ``(1, 2, " "3)``. If no argument is given, the constructor creates a new empty tuple, " "``()``." msgstr "" "Le constructeur construit un tuple dont les éléments sont les mêmes et dans " "le même ordre que les éléments de *iterable*. *iterable* peut être soit une " "séquence, un conteneur qui supporte l'itération, soit un itérateur. Si " "*iterable* est déjà un tuple, il est renvoyé inchangé. Par exemple, " "``tuple('abc')`` retourne ``('a', 'b', 'c')`` et ``tuple( [1, 2, 3] )`` " "retourne ``(1, 2, 3)``. Si aucun argument est donné, le constructeur crée un " "nouveau tuple vide, ``()``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1233 msgid "" "Note that it is actually the comma which makes a tuple, not the parentheses. " "The parentheses are optional, except in the empty tuple case, or when they " "are needed to avoid syntactic ambiguity. For example, ``f(a, b, c)`` is a " "function call with three arguments, while ``f((a, b, c))`` is a function " "call with a 3-tuple as the sole argument." msgstr "" "Notez que c'est en fait la virgule qui fait un tuple, pas les parenthèses. " "Les parenthèses sont facultatives, sauf dans le cas du tuple vide, ou " "lorsqu'elles sont nécessaires pour éviter l'ambiguïté syntaxique. Par " "exemple, ``f(a, b, c)`` est un appel de fonction avec trois arguments, alors " "que ``f((a, b, c))`` est un appel de fonction avec un tuple de trois " "éléments comme unique argument." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1239 msgid "" "Tuples implement all of the :ref:`common ` sequence " "operations." msgstr "" "Les tuples implémentent toutes les opérations :ref:`communes ` des séquences." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1242 msgid "" "For heterogeneous collections of data where access by name is clearer than " "access by index, :func:`collections.namedtuple` may be a more appropriate " "choice than a simple tuple object." msgstr "" "Pour les collections hétérogènes de données où l'accès par nom est plus " "clair que l'accès par index, :func:`collections.namedtuple` peut être un " "choix plus approprié qu'un simple tuple." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1250 msgid "Ranges" msgstr "*Ranges*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1254 msgid "" "The :class:`range` type represents an immutable sequence of numbers and is " "commonly used for looping a specific number of times in :keyword:`for` loops." msgstr "" "Le type :class:`range` représente une séquence immuable de nombres et est " "couramment utilisé pour itérer un certain nombre de fois dans les boucles :" "keyword:`for`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1261 msgid "" "The arguments to the range constructor must be integers (either built-in :" "class:`int` or any object that implements the ``__index__`` special " "method). If the *step* argument is omitted, it defaults to ``1``. If the " "*start* argument is omitted, it defaults to ``0``. If *step* is zero, :exc:" "`ValueError` is raised." msgstr "" "Les arguments du constructeur de *range* doivent être des entiers (des :" "class:`int` ou tout autre objet qui implémente la méthode spéciale " "``__index__``). La valeur par défaut de l'argument *step* est ``1``. La " "valeur par défaut de l'argument *start* est ``0``. Si *step* est égal à " "zéro, une exception :exc:`ValueError` est levée." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1267 msgid "" "For a positive *step*, the contents of a range ``r`` are determined by the " "formula ``r[i] = start + step*i`` where ``i >= 0`` and ``r[i] < stop``." msgstr "" "Pour un *step* positif, le contenu d'un *range* ``r`` est déterminé par la " "formule ``r[i] = start + step*i`` où ``i >= 0`` et ``r[i] < stop``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1271 msgid "" "For a negative *step*, the contents of the range are still determined by the " "formula ``r[i] = start + step*i``, but the constraints are ``i >= 0`` and " "``r[i] > stop``." msgstr "" "Pour un *step* négatif, le contenu du *range* est toujours déterminé par la " "formule ``r[i] = start + step*i``, mais les contraintes sont ``i >= 0`` et " "``r[i] > stop``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1275 msgid "" "A range object will be empty if ``r[0]`` does not meet the value constraint. " "Ranges do support negative indices, but these are interpreted as indexing " "from the end of the sequence determined by the positive indices." msgstr "" "Un objet *range* sera vide si ``r[0]`` ne répond pas à la contrainte de " "valeur. Les *range* prennent en charge les indices négatifs, mais ceux-ci " "sont interprétées comme une indexation de la fin de la séquence déterminée " "par les indices positifs." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1280 msgid "" "Ranges containing absolute values larger than :data:`sys.maxsize` are " "permitted but some features (such as :func:`len`) may raise :exc:" "`OverflowError`." msgstr "" "Les *range* contenant des valeurs absolues plus grandes que :data:`sys." "maxsize` sont permises, mais certaines fonctionnalités (comme :func:`len`) " "peuvent lever :exc:`OverflowError`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1284 msgid "Range examples::" msgstr "Exemples avec *range* ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1301 msgid "" "Ranges implement all of the :ref:`common ` sequence " "operations except concatenation and repetition (due to the fact that range " "objects can only represent sequences that follow a strict pattern and " "repetition and concatenation will usually violate that pattern)." msgstr "" "*range* implémente toutes les opérations :ref:`communes ` " "des séquences sauf la concaténation et la répétition (en raison du fait que " "les *range* ne peuvent représenter que des séquences qui respectent un motif " "strict et que la répétition et la concaténation les feraient dévier de ce " "motif)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1308 msgid "" "The value of the *start* parameter (or ``0`` if the parameter was not " "supplied)" msgstr "" "La valeur du paramètre *start* (ou ``0`` si le paramètre n'a pas été fourni)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1313 msgid "The value of the *stop* parameter" msgstr "La valeur du paramètre *stop*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1317 msgid "" "The value of the *step* parameter (or ``1`` if the parameter was not " "supplied)" msgstr "" "La valeur du paramètre *step* (ou ``1`` si le paramètre n'a pas été fourni)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1320 msgid "" "The advantage of the :class:`range` type over a regular :class:`list` or :" "class:`tuple` is that a :class:`range` object will always take the same " "(small) amount of memory, no matter the size of the range it represents (as " "it only stores the ``start``, ``stop`` and ``step`` values, calculating " "individual items and subranges as needed)." msgstr "" "L'avantage du type :class:`range` sur une :class:`list` classique ou :class:" "`tuple` est qu'un objet :class:`range` prendra toujours la même (petite) " "quantité de mémoire, peu importe la taille de la gamme qu'elle représente " "(car elle ne stocke que les valeurs ``start``, ``stop`` et ``step`` , le " "calcul des éléments individuels et les sous-*range* au besoin)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1326 msgid "" "Range objects implement the :class:`collections.abc.Sequence` ABC, and " "provide features such as containment tests, element index lookup, slicing " "and support for negative indices (see :ref:`typesseq`):" msgstr "" "Les *range* implémentent la classe de base abstraite :class:`collections.abc." "Sequence`, et offrent des fonctionnalités telles que les tests " "d'appartenance (avec *in*) , de recherche par index, le tranchage et ils " "gerent les indices négatifs (voir :ref:`typesseq`):" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1346 msgid "" "Testing range objects for equality with ``==`` and ``!=`` compares them as " "sequences. That is, two range objects are considered equal if they " "represent the same sequence of values. (Note that two range objects that " "compare equal might have different :attr:`~range.start`, :attr:`~range.stop` " "and :attr:`~range.step` attributes, for example ``range(0) == range(2, 1, " "3)`` or ``range(0, 3, 2) == range(0, 4, 2)``.)" msgstr "" "Comparer des *range* avec ``==`` et ``!=`` les compare comme des séquences. " "Soit deux objets *range* sont considérées comme égaux si ils représentent la " "même séquence de valeurs. (Notez que deux objets *range* dits égaux " "pourraient avoir leurs attributs :attr:`~range.start`, :attr:`~range.stop` " "et :attr:`~range.step` différents, par exemple ``range(0) == range(2, 1, " "3)`` ou ``range(0, 3, 2) == range(0, 4, 2)``.)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1353 msgid "" "Implement the Sequence ABC. Support slicing and negative indices. Test :" "class:`int` objects for membership in constant time instead of iterating " "through all items." msgstr "" "Implémente la classe de base abstraite *Sequence*. Supporte le *slicing* et " "les indices négatifs. Tester l'appartenance d'un :class:`int` en temps " "constant au lieu d'itérer tous les éléments." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1359 msgid "" "Define '==' and '!=' to compare range objects based on the sequence of " "values they define (instead of comparing based on object identity)." msgstr "" "'==' et '!=' comparent des *range* en fonction de la séquence de valeurs " "qu'ils définissent (au lieu d'une comparaison fondée sur l'identité de " "l'objet)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1364 msgid "" "The :attr:`~range.start`, :attr:`~range.stop` and :attr:`~range.step` " "attributes." msgstr "" "Les attributs :attr:`~range.start`, :attr:`~range.stop` et :attr:`~range." "step`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1370 msgid "" "The `linspace recipe `_ shows " "how to implement a lazy version of range that suitable for floating point " "applications." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1382 msgid "Text Sequence Type --- :class:`str`" msgstr "Type Séquence de Texte --- :class:`str`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1384 msgid "" "Textual data in Python is handled with :class:`str` objects, or :dfn:" "`strings`. Strings are immutable :ref:`sequences ` of Unicode code " "points. String literals are written in a variety of ways:" msgstr "" "Les données textuelles en Python est manipulé avec des objets :class:`str` " "ou :dfn:`strings`. Les chaînes sont des :ref:`séquences ` " "immuables depoints de code Unicode. Les chaînes littérales peuvent être " "écrites de différentes manières :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1389 msgid "Single quotes: ``'allows embedded \"double\" quotes'``" msgstr "Les guillemets simples : ``'autorisent les \"guillemets\"'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1390 msgid "Double quotes: ``\"allows embedded 'single' quotes\"``." msgstr "Les guillemets : ``\"autorisent les guillemets 'simples'\"``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1391 msgid "" "Triple quoted: ``'''Three single quotes'''``, ``\"\"\"Three double quotes" "\"\"\"``" msgstr "" "Guillemets triples : ``'''Trois guillemets simples'''``, ``\"\"\"Trois " "guillemets\"\"\"``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1393 msgid "" "Triple quoted strings may span multiple lines - all associated whitespace " "will be included in the string literal." msgstr "" "Les chaînes entre triple guillemets peuvent couvrir plusieurs lignes - tous " "les espaces associés seront inclus dans la chaîne littérale." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1396 msgid "" "String literals that are part of a single expression and have only " "whitespace between them will be implicitly converted to a single string " "literal. That is, ``(\"spam \" \"eggs\") == \"spam eggs\"``." msgstr "" "Les chaînes littérales qui font partie d'une seule expression et ont " "seulement des espaces entre elles sont implicitement converties en une seule " "chaîne littérale. Autrement dit, ``(\"spam \" \"eggs\") == \"spam eggs\"``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1400 msgid "" "See :ref:`strings` for more about the various forms of string literal, " "including supported escape sequences, and the ``r`` (\"raw\") prefix that " "disables most escape sequence processing." msgstr "" "Voir :ref:`strings` pour plus d'informations sur les différentes formes de " "chaînes littérales, y compris des séquences d'échappement prises en charge, " "et le préfixe ``r`` (*raw* (brut)) qui désactive la plupart des traitements " "de séquence d'échappement." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1404 msgid "" "Strings may also be created from other objects using the :class:`str` " "constructor." msgstr "" "Les chaînes peuvent également être créés à partir d'autres objets à l'aide " "du constructeur :class:`str`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1407 msgid "" "Since there is no separate \"character\" type, indexing a string produces " "strings of length 1. That is, for a non-empty string *s*, ``s[0] == s[0:1]``." msgstr "" "Comme il n'y a pas de type \"caractère\" distinct, l'indexation d'une chaîne " "produit des chaînes de longueur 1. Autrement dit, pour une chaîne non vide " "*s*, ``s[0] == s[0:1]``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1413 msgid "" "There is also no mutable string type, but :meth:`str.join` or :class:`io." "StringIO` can be used to efficiently construct strings from multiple " "fragments." msgstr "" "Il n'y a aucun type de chaîne mutable, mais :meth:`str.join` ou :class:`io." "StringIO` peuvent être utilisées pour construire efficacement des chaînes à " "partir de plusieurs fragments." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1417 msgid "" "For backwards compatibility with the Python 2 series, the ``u`` prefix is " "once again permitted on string literals. It has no effect on the meaning of " "string literals and cannot be combined with the ``r`` prefix." msgstr "" "Pour une compatibilité ascendante avec la série Python 2, le préfixe ``u`` " "est à nouveau autorisé sur les chaînes littérales. Elle n'a aucun effet sur " "le sens des chaînes littérales et ne peut être combiné avec le préfixe ``r``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1429 msgid "" "Return a :ref:`string ` version of *object*. If *object* is not " "provided, returns the empty string. Otherwise, the behavior of ``str()`` " "depends on whether *encoding* or *errors* is given, as follows." msgstr "" "Renvoie une représentation :ref:`string ` de *object*. Si *object* " "n'est pas fourni, retourne une chaîne vide. Sinon, le comportement de " "``str()`` dépend de si *encoding* ou *errors* sont donnés, voir l'exemple." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1433 msgid "" "If neither *encoding* nor *errors* is given, ``str(object)`` returns :meth:" "`object.__str__() `, which is the \"informal\" or nicely " "printable string representation of *object*. For string objects, this is " "the string itself. If *object* does not have a :meth:`~object.__str__` " "method, then :func:`str` falls back to returning :meth:`repr(object) `." msgstr "" "Si ni *encoding* ni *errors* ne sont donnés, ``str(object)`` renvoie :meth:" "`object.__str__() `, qui est la représentation de chaîne " "\"informelle\" ou bien affichable de *object*. Pour les chaînes, c'est la " "chaîne elle-même. Si *object* n'a pas de méthode :meth:`~object.__str__`, :" "func:`str` utilise :meth:`repr(object) `." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1444 msgid "" "If at least one of *encoding* or *errors* is given, *object* should be a :" "term:`bytes-like object` (e.g. :class:`bytes` or :class:`bytearray`). In " "this case, if *object* is a :class:`bytes` (or :class:`bytearray`) object, " "then ``str(bytes, encoding, errors)`` is equivalent to :meth:`bytes." "decode(encoding, errors) `. Otherwise, the bytes object " "underlying the buffer object is obtained before calling :meth:`bytes." "decode`. See :ref:`binaryseq` and :ref:`bufferobjects` for information on " "buffer objects." msgstr "" "Si au moins un des deux arguments *encoding* ou *errors* est donné, *object* " "doit être un :term:`bytes-like object` (par exemple :class:`bytes` ou :class:" "`bytearray`). Dans ce cas, si *object* est un objet :class:`bytes` (ou :" "class:`bytearray`), alors ``str(bytes, encoding, errors)`` est équivalent à :" "meth:`bytes.decode(encoding, errors) `. Sinon, l'objet *bytes* " "du buffer est obtenu avant d'appeler :meth:`bytes.decode`. Voir :ref:" "`binaryseq` et :ref:`bufferobjects` pour plus d'informations sur les buffers." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1453 msgid "" "Passing a :class:`bytes` object to :func:`str` without the *encoding* or " "*errors* arguments falls under the first case of returning the informal " "string representation (see also the :option:`-b` command-line option to " "Python). For example::" msgstr "" "Donner un objet :class:`bytes` à :func:`str` sans ni l'argument *encoding* " "ni l'argument *errors* relève du premier cas retournant la représentation " "informelle de la chaîne (voir aussi l'option :option:`-b` de Python). Par " "exemple : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1461 msgid "" "For more information on the ``str`` class and its methods, see :ref:" "`textseq` and the :ref:`string-methods` section below. To output formatted " "strings, see the :ref:`f-strings` and :ref:`formatstrings` sections. In " "addition, see the :ref:`stringservices` section." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1473 msgid "String Methods" msgstr "Méthodes de chaînes de caractères" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1478 msgid "" "Strings implement all of the :ref:`common ` sequence " "operations, along with the additional methods described below." msgstr "" "Les chaînes implémentent toutes les opérations :ref:`communes des séquences " "`, ainsi que les autres méthodes décrites ci-dessous." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1481 msgid "" "Strings also support two styles of string formatting, one providing a large " "degree of flexibility and customization (see :meth:`str.format`, :ref:" "`formatstrings` and :ref:`string-formatting`) and the other based on C " "``printf`` style formatting that handles a narrower range of types and is " "slightly harder to use correctly, but is often faster for the cases it can " "handle (:ref:`old-string-formatting`)." msgstr "" "Les chaînes gèrent aussi deux styles de mise en forme, l'un fournissant une " "grande flexibilité et de personnalisation (voir :meth:`str.format`, :ref:" "`formatstrings` et :ref:`string-formatting`) et l'autre basée sur ``printf`` " "du C qui gère une gamme plus étroite des types et est légèrement plus " "difficile à utiliser correctement, mais il est souvent plus rapide pour les " "cas, il peut gérer (:ref:`old-string-formatting`)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1488 msgid "" "The :ref:`textservices` section of the standard library covers a number of " "other modules that provide various text related utilities (including regular " "expression support in the :mod:`re` module)." msgstr "" "La section :ref:`textservices` de la bibliothèque standard couvre un certain " "nombre d'autres modules qui fournissent différents services relatifs au " "texte (y compris les expressions régulières dans le module :mod:`re`)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1494 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string with its first character capitalized and the " "rest lowercased." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne avec son premier caractère en majuscule et le " "reste en minuscule." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1500 msgid "" "Return a casefolded copy of the string. Casefolded strings may be used for " "caseless matching." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie *casefolded* de la chaîne. Les chaînes *casefolded* " "peuvent être utilisées dans des comparaison insensibles à la casse." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1503 msgid "" "Casefolding is similar to lowercasing but more aggressive because it is " "intended to remove all case distinctions in a string. For example, the " "German lowercase letter ``'ß'`` is equivalent to ``\"ss\"``. Since it is " "already lowercase, :meth:`lower` would do nothing to ``'ß'``; :meth:" "`casefold` converts it to ``\"ss\"``." msgstr "" "Le *casefolding* est une technique agressive de mise en minuscule, car il " "vise à éliminer toutes les distinctions de casse dans une chaîne. Par " "exemple, la lettre minuscule ``'ß'`` de l'allemand équivaut à ``\"ss\"``. " "Comme il est déjà minuscule, :meth:`lower` ferait rien à ``'ß'``; :meth:" "`casefold` le convertit en ``\"ss\"``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1509 msgid "" "The casefolding algorithm is described in section 3.13 of the Unicode " "Standard." msgstr "" "L'algorithme de *casefolding* est décrit dans la section 3.13 de la norme " "Unicode." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1517 msgid "" "Return centered in a string of length *width*. Padding is done using the " "specified *fillchar* (default is an ASCII space). The original string is " "returned if *width* is less than or equal to ``len(s)``." msgstr "" "Donne la chaîne au centre d'une chaîne de longueur *width*. Le remplissage " "est fait enutilisant l'argument *fillchar* (qui par défaut est un espace " "ASCII). La chaîne d'origine est renvoyée si *width* est inférieur ou égale à " "``len(s)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1525 msgid "" "Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring *sub* in the " "range [*start*, *end*]. Optional arguments *start* and *end* are " "interpreted as in slice notation." msgstr "" "Donne le nombre d'occurrences de *sub* ne se chevauchant pas dans le *range* " "[*start*, *end*]. Les arguments facultatifs *start* et *end* sont " "interprétés comme pour des *slices*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1532 msgid "" "Return an encoded version of the string as a bytes object. Default encoding " "is ``'utf-8'``. *errors* may be given to set a different error handling " "scheme. The default for *errors* is ``'strict'``, meaning that encoding " "errors raise a :exc:`UnicodeError`. Other possible values are ``'ignore'``, " "``'replace'``, ``'xmlcharrefreplace'``, ``'backslashreplace'`` and any other " "name registered via :func:`codecs.register_error`, see section :ref:`error-" "handlers`. For a list of possible encodings, see section :ref:`standard-" "encodings`." msgstr "" "Donne une version encodée de la chaîne sous la forme d'un objet *bytes*. " "L'encodage par défaut est ``'utf-8'``. *errors* peut être donné pour choisir " "un autre système de gestion d'erreur. La valeur par défaut pour *errors* est " "``'strict'``, ce qui signifie que les erreurs d'encodage soulèvent une :exc:" "`UnicodeError`. Les autres valeurs possibles sont ``'ignore'``, " "``'replace'``, ``'xmlcharrefreplace'``, ``'backslashreplace'`` et tout autre " "nom enregistré via :func:`codecs.register_error`, voir la section :ref:" "`error-handlers`. Pour une liste des encodages possibles, voir la section :" "ref:`standard-encodings`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1541 msgid "Support for keyword arguments added." msgstr "Gestion des arguments par mot clef." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1547 msgid "" "Return ``True`` if the string ends with the specified *suffix*, otherwise " "return ``False``. *suffix* can also be a tuple of suffixes to look for. " "With optional *start*, test beginning at that position. With optional " "*end*, stop comparing at that position." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si la chaîne se termine par *suffix*, sinon ``False``. " "*suffix* peut aussi être un tuple de suffixes à rechercher. Si l'argument " "optionnel *start* est donné, le test se fait à partir de cette position. Si " "l'argument optionnel *end* est fourni, la comparaison s'arrête à cette " "position." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1555 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string where all tab characters are replaced by one or " "more spaces, depending on the current column and the given tab size. Tab " "positions occur every *tabsize* characters (default is 8, giving tab " "positions at columns 0, 8, 16 and so on). To expand the string, the current " "column is set to zero and the string is examined character by character. If " "the character is a tab (``\\t``), one or more space characters are inserted " "in the result until the current column is equal to the next tab position. " "(The tab character itself is not copied.) If the character is a newline (``" "\\n``) or return (``\\r``), it is copied and the current column is reset to " "zero. Any other character is copied unchanged and the current column is " "incremented by one regardless of how the character is represented when " "printed." msgstr "" "Donne une copie de la chaîne où toutes les tabulations sont remplacées par " "un ou plusieurs espaces, en fonction de la colonne courante et de la taille " "de tabulation donnée. Les positions des tabulations se trouvent tous les " "*tabsize* caractères (8 par défaut, ce qui donne les positions de " "tabulations aux colonnes 0, 8, 16 et ainsi de suite). Pour travailler sur la " "chaîne, la colonne en cours est mise à zéro et la chaîne est examinée " "caractère par caractère. Si le caractère est une tabulation (``\\t``), un ou " "plusieurs caractères d'espacement sont insérés dans le résultat jusqu'à ce " "que la colonne courante soit égale à la position de tabulation suivante. (Le " "caractère tabulation lui-même n'est pas copié.) Si le caractère est un saut " "de ligne (``\\n``) ou un retour chariot (``\\r``), il est copié et la " "colonne en cours est remise à zéro. Tout autre caractère est copié inchangé " "et la colonne en cours est incrémentée de un indépendamment de la façon dont " "le caractère est représenté lors de l'affichage." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1576 msgid "" "Return the lowest index in the string where substring *sub* is found within " "the slice ``s[start:end]``. Optional arguments *start* and *end* are " "interpreted as in slice notation. Return ``-1`` if *sub* is not found." msgstr "" "Donne la première la position dans la chaîne où *sub* est trouvé dans le " "*slice* ``s[start:end]``. Les arguments facultatifs *start* et *end* sont " "interprétés comme dans la notation des *slice*. Donne ``-1`` si *sub* n'est " "pas trouvé." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1582 msgid "" "The :meth:`~str.find` method should be used only if you need to know the " "position of *sub*. To check if *sub* is a substring or not, use the :" "keyword:`in` operator::" msgstr "" "La méthode :meth:`~str.find` ne doit être utilisée que si vous avez besoin " "de connaître la position de *sub*. Pour vérifier si *sub* est une sous " "chaine ou non, utilisez l'opérateur :keyword:`in` ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1592 msgid "" "Perform a string formatting operation. The string on which this method is " "called can contain literal text or replacement fields delimited by braces " "``{}``. Each replacement field contains either the numeric index of a " "positional argument, or the name of a keyword argument. Returns a copy of " "the string where each replacement field is replaced with the string value of " "the corresponding argument." msgstr "" "Formatte une chaîne. La chaîne sur laquelle cette méthode est appelée peut " "contenir du texte littéral ou des emplacements de remplacement délimités par " "des accolades ``{}``. Chaque champ de remplacement contient soit l'indice " "numérique d'un argument positionnel, ou le nom d'un argument donné par mot-" "clé. Renvoie une copie de la chaîne où chaque champ de remplacement est " "remplacé par la valeur de chaîne de l'argument correspondant." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1602 msgid "" "See :ref:`formatstrings` for a description of the various formatting options " "that can be specified in format strings." msgstr "" "Voir :ref:`formatstrings` pour une description des options de formatage qui " "peuvent être spécifiées dans les chaînes de format." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1608 msgid "" "Similar to ``str.format(**mapping)``, except that ``mapping`` is used " "directly and not copied to a :class:`dict`. This is useful if for example " "``mapping`` is a dict subclass:" msgstr "" "Semblable à ``str.format(**mapping)``, sauf que ``mapping`` est utilisé " "directement et non copié dans un :class:`dict`. C'est utile si, par exemple " "``mapping`` est une sous-classe de dict :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1624 msgid "" "Like :meth:`~str.find`, but raise :exc:`ValueError` when the substring is " "not found." msgstr "" "Comme :meth:`~str.find`, mais lève une :exc:`ValueError` lorsque la chaîne " "est introuvable." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1630 msgid "" "Return true if all characters in the string are alphanumeric and there is at " "least one character, false otherwise. A character ``c`` is alphanumeric if " "one of the following returns ``True``: ``c.isalpha()``, ``c.isdecimal()``, " "``c.isdigit()``, or ``c.isnumeric()``." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les caractères de la chaîne sont alphanumériques et " "qu'il y a au moins un caractère, sinon ``False``. Un caractère ``c`` est " "alphanumérique si l'un des tests suivants est vrais : ``c.isalpha()``, ``c." "isdecimal()``, ``c.isdigit()`` ou ``c.isnumeric()``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1638 msgid "" "Return true if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at " "least one character, false otherwise. Alphabetic characters are those " "characters defined in the Unicode character database as \"Letter\", i.e., " "those with general category property being one of \"Lm\", \"Lt\", \"Lu\", " "\"Ll\", or \"Lo\". Note that this is different from the \"Alphabetic\" " "property defined in the Unicode Standard." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les caractères de la chaîne sont alphabétiques et " "qu'elle contient au moins un caractère, sinon ``False``. Les caractères " "alphabétiques sont les caractères définis dans la base de données de " "caractères Unicode comme *Letter*, à savoir, ceux qui ont \"Lm\", \"Lt\", " "\"Lu\", \"Ll\", ou \"Lo\" comme catégorie générale. Notez que ceci est " "différent de la propriété *Alphabetic* définie dans la norme Unicode." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1647 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Return true if all characters in the string are decimal characters and there " "is at least one character, false otherwise. Decimal characters are those " "that can be used to form numbers in base 10, e.g. U+0660, ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT " "ZERO. Formally a decimal character is a character in the Unicode General " "Category \"Nd\"." msgstr "" "Retourne ``True`` si tous les caractères de la chaîne sont des caractères " "décimaux et qu'elle contient au moins un caractère, sinon ``False``. Les " "caractères décimaux sont ceux de la catégorie générale \"Nd\". Cette " "catégorie comprend des caractères numériques, et tous les caractères qui " "peuvent être utilisés pour former un nombre en base 10, par exemple U+0660, " "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1657 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Return true if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least " "one character, false otherwise. Digits include decimal characters and " "digits that need special handling, such as the compatibility superscript " "digits. This covers digits which cannot be used to form numbers in base 10, " "like the Kharosthi numbers. Formally, a digit is a character that has the " "property value Numeric_Type=Digit or Numeric_Type=Decimal." msgstr "" "Retourne ``True`` si tous les caractères de la chaîne sont des chiffres et " "qu'elle contient au moins un caractère, sinon ``False``. Les chiffres " "incluent des caractères décimaux et des chiffres qui nécessitent une " "manipulation particulière, tels que les *compatibility superscript digits*. " "Formellement, un chiffre est un caractère dont la valeur de la propriété " "*Numeric_Type* est *Digit* ou *Decimal*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1667 msgid "" "Return true if the string is a valid identifier according to the language " "definition, section :ref:`identifiers`." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si la chaîne est un identifiant valide selon la définition du " "langage, section :ref:`identifiers`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1670 msgid "" "Use :func:`keyword.iskeyword` to test for reserved identifiers such as :" "keyword:`def` and :keyword:`class`." msgstr "" "Utilisez :func:`keyword.iskeyword` pour savoir si un identifiant est " "réservé, tels que :keyword:`def` et :keyword:`class`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1675 msgid "" "Return true if all cased characters [4]_ in the string are lowercase and " "there is at least one cased character, false otherwise." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les caractères capitalisables [4]_ de la chaîne sont " "en minuscules et qu'elle contient au moins un caractère capitalisable. Donne " "``False`` dans le cas contraire." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1681 msgid "" "Return true if all characters in the string are numeric characters, and " "there is at least one character, false otherwise. Numeric characters include " "digit characters, and all characters that have the Unicode numeric value " "property, e.g. U+2155, VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH. Formally, numeric " "characters are those with the property value Numeric_Type=Digit, " "Numeric_Type=Decimal or Numeric_Type=Numeric." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les caractères de la chaîne sont des caractères " "numériques, et qu'elle contient au moins un caractère, sinon ``False``. Les " "caractères numériques comprennent les chiffres, et tous les caractères qui " "ont la propriété Unicode *numeric value*, par exemple U+2155, *VULGAR " "FRACTION OF FIFTH*. Formellement, les caractères numériques sont ceux avec " "les priorités *Numeric_Type=Digit*, *Numeric_Type=Decimal*, ou " "*Numeric_Type=Numeric*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1691 msgid "" "Return true if all characters in the string are printable or the string is " "empty, false otherwise. Nonprintable characters are those characters " "defined in the Unicode character database as \"Other\" or \"Separator\", " "excepting the ASCII space (0x20) which is considered printable. (Note that " "printable characters in this context are those which should not be escaped " "when :func:`repr` is invoked on a string. It has no bearing on the handling " "of strings written to :data:`sys.stdout` or :data:`sys.stderr`.)" msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les caractères de la chaîne sont affichables ou " "qu'elle est vide sinon, ``False``. Les caractères non affichables sont les " "caractères définis dans la base de données de caractères Unicode comme *" "\"Other\"* ou *\"Separator\"*, à l'exception de l'espace ASCII (0x20) qui " "est considéré comme affichable. (Notez que les caractères imprimables dans " "ce contexte sont ceux qui ne devraient pas être protégés quand :func:`repr` " "est invoquée sur une chaîne. Ça n'a aucune incidence sur le traitement des " "chaînes écrites sur :data:`sys.stdout` ou :data:`sys.stderr`.)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1702 msgid "" "Return true if there are only whitespace characters in the string and there " "is at least one character, false otherwise. Whitespace characters are " "those characters defined in the Unicode character database as \"Other\" or " "\"Separator\" and those with bidirectional property being one of \"WS\", \"B" "\", or \"S\"." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` s'il n'y a que des caractères blancs dans la chaîne et il y a " "au moins un caractère, sinon ``False``. Les caractères blancs sont les " "caractères définis dans la base de données de caractères Unicode comme *" "\"Other\"* ou *\"Separator\"* ainsi que ceux ayant la propriété " "bidirectionnelle valant \"WS\", \"B\" ou \"S\"." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1709 msgid "" "Return true if the string is a titlecased string and there is at least one " "character, for example uppercase characters may only follow uncased " "characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return false otherwise." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si la chaîne est une chaîne *titlecased* et qu'elle contient " "au moins un caractère, par exemple les caractères majuscules ne peuvent " "suivre les caractères non capitalisables et les caractères minuscules ne " "peuvent suivre que des caractères capitalisables. Donne ``False`` dans le " "cas contraire." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1716 msgid "" "Return true if all cased characters [4]_ in the string are uppercase and " "there is at least one cased character, false otherwise." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les caractères différentiables sur la casse [4]_ de " "la chaîne sont en majuscules et il y a au moins un caractère différentiable " "sur la casse, sinon ``False``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1722 msgid "" "Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the :term:" "`iterable` *iterable*. A :exc:`TypeError` will be raised if there are any " "non-string values in *iterable*, including :class:`bytes` objects. The " "separator between elements is the string providing this method." msgstr "" "Donne une chaîne qui est la concaténation des chaînes de l':term:`iterable` " "*iterable*. Une :exc:`TypeError` sera levée si des valeurs d'*iterable* ne " "sont pas des chaînes, y compris pour les objets :class:`bytes`. Le " "séparateur entre les éléments est la chaîne fournissant cette méthode." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1730 msgid "" "Return the string left justified in a string of length *width*. Padding is " "done using the specified *fillchar* (default is an ASCII space). The " "original string is returned if *width* is less than or equal to ``len(s)``." msgstr "" "Renvoie la chaîne justifiée à gauche dans une chaîne de longueur *width*. Le " "rembourrage est fait en utilisant *fillchar* (qui par défaut est un espace " "ASCII). La chaîne d'origine est renvoyée si *width* est inférieur ou égale à " "``len(s)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1737 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string with all the cased characters [4]_ converted to " "lowercase." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne avec tous les caractères capitalisables [4]_ " "convertis en minuscules." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1740 msgid "" "The lowercasing algorithm used is described in section 3.13 of the Unicode " "Standard." msgstr "" "L'algorithme de mise en minuscules utilisé est décrit dans la section 3.13 " "de la norme Unicode." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1746 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string with leading characters removed. The *chars* " "argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be removed. If " "omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to removing whitespace. " "The *chars* argument is not a prefix; rather, all combinations of its values " "are stripped::" msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne des caractères supprimés au début. L'argument " "*chars* est une chaîne spécifiant le jeu de caractères à supprimer. En cas " "d'omission ou ``None``, la valeur par défaut de *chars* permet de supprimer " "des espaces. L'argument *chars* n'est pas un préfixe, toutes les " "combinaisons de ses valeurs sont supprimées ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1759 msgid "" "This static method returns a translation table usable for :meth:`str." "translate`." msgstr "" "Cette méthode statique renvoie une table de traduction utilisable pour :meth:" "`str.translate`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1761 msgid "" "If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode " "ordinals (integers) or characters (strings of length 1) to Unicode ordinals, " "strings (of arbitrary lengths) or ``None``. Character keys will then be " "converted to ordinals." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1766 msgid "" "If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the " "resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at " "the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, " "whose characters will be mapped to ``None`` in the result." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1774 msgid "" "Split the string at the first occurrence of *sep*, and return a 3-tuple " "containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part " "after the separator. If the separator is not found, return a 3-tuple " "containing the string itself, followed by two empty strings." msgstr "" "Divise la chaîne à la première occurrence de *sep*, et donne un *tuple* de " "trois éléments contenant la partie avant le séparateur, le séparateur lui-" "même, et la partie après le séparateur. Si le séparateur n'est pas trouvé, " "le *tuple* contiendra la chaîne elle-même, suivie de deux chaînes vides." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1782 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string with all occurrences of substring *old* replaced " "by *new*. If the optional argument *count* is given, only the first *count* " "occurrences are replaced." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne dont toutes les occurrences de la sous-" "chaîne *old* sont remplacés par *new*. Si l'argument optionnel *count* est " "donné, seules les *count* premières occurrences sont remplacées." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1789 msgid "" "Return the highest index in the string where substring *sub* is found, such " "that *sub* is contained within ``s[start:end]``. Optional arguments *start* " "and *end* are interpreted as in slice notation. Return ``-1`` on failure." msgstr "" "Donne l'indice le plus élevé dans la chaîne où la sous-chaîne *sub* se " "trouve, de telle sorte que *sub* soit contenue dans ``s[start:end]``. Les " "arguments facultatifs *start* et *end* sont interprétés comme dans la " "notation des *slices*. Donne ``-1`` en cas d'échec." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1796 msgid "" "Like :meth:`rfind` but raises :exc:`ValueError` when the substring *sub* is " "not found." msgstr "" "Comme :meth:`rfind` mais lève une exception :exc:`ValueError` lorsque la " "sous-chaîne *sub* est introuvable." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1802 msgid "" "Return the string right justified in a string of length *width*. Padding is " "done using the specified *fillchar* (default is an ASCII space). The " "original string is returned if *width* is less than or equal to ``len(s)``." msgstr "" "Renvoie la chaîne justifié à droite dans une chaîne de longueur *width*. Le " "rembourrage est fait en utilisant le caractère spécifié par *fillchar* (par " "défaut est un espace ASCII). La chaîne d'origine est renvoyée si *width* est " "inférieure ou égale à ``len(s)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1809 msgid "" "Split the string at the last occurrence of *sep*, and return a 3-tuple " "containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part " "after the separator. If the separator is not found, return a 3-tuple " "containing two empty strings, followed by the string itself." msgstr "" "Divise la chaîne à la dernière occurrence de *sep*, et donne un tuple de " "trois éléments contenant la partie avant le séparateur, le séparateur lui-" "même, et la partie après le séparateur. Si le séparateur n'est pas trouvé, " "le tuple contindra deux chaînes vides, puis par la chaîne elle-même." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1817 msgid "" "Return a list of the words in the string, using *sep* as the delimiter " "string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit* splits are done, the " "*rightmost* ones. If *sep* is not specified or ``None``, any whitespace " "string is a separator. Except for splitting from the right, :meth:`rsplit` " "behaves like :meth:`split` which is described in detail below." msgstr "" "Renvoie une liste des mots de la chaîne, en utilisant *sep* comme " "séparateur. Si *maxsplit* est donné, c'est le nombre maximum de divisions " "qui pourront être faites, celles \"à droite\". Si *sep* est pas spécifié ou " "est ``None``, tout espace est un séparateur. En dehors du fait qu'il découpe " "par la droite, :meth:`rsplit` se comporte comme :meth:`split` qui est décrit " "en détail ci-dessous." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1826 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string with trailing characters removed. The *chars* " "argument is a string specifying the set of characters to be removed. If " "omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to removing whitespace. " "The *chars* argument is not a suffix; rather, all combinations of its values " "are stripped::" msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne avec des caractères finaux supprimés. " "L'argument *chars* est une chaîne spécifiant le jeu de caractères à " "supprimer. En cas d'omission ou ``None``, les espaces sont supprimés. " "L'argument *chars* n'est pas un suffixe : toutes les combinaisons de ses " "valeurs sont retirées : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1839 msgid "" "Return a list of the words in the string, using *sep* as the delimiter " "string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit* splits are done (thus, " "the list will have at most ``maxsplit+1`` elements). If *maxsplit* is not " "specified or ``-1``, then there is no limit on the number of splits (all " "possible splits are made)." msgstr "" "Renvoie une liste des mots de la chaîne, en utilisant *sep* comme séparateur " "de mots. Si *maxsplit* est donné, c'est le nombre maximum de divisionsqui " "pourront être effectuées, (donnant ainsi une liste de longueur ``maxsplit" "+1``). Si *maxsplit* n'est pas fourni, ou vaut ``-1``, le nombre de découpes " "n'est pas limité (Toutes les découpes possibles sont faites)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1845 msgid "" "If *sep* is given, consecutive delimiters are not grouped together and are " "deemed to delimit empty strings (for example, ``'1,,2'.split(',')`` returns " "``['1', '', '2']``). The *sep* argument may consist of multiple characters " "(for example, ``'1<>2<>3'.split('<>')`` returns ``['1', '2', '3']``). " "Splitting an empty string with a specified separator returns ``['']``." msgstr "" "Si *sep* est donné, les délimiteurs consécutifs ne sont pas regroupés et " "ainsi délimitent des chaînes vides (par exemple, ``'1,,2'.split(',')`` donne " "``['1', '', '2']``). L'argument *sep* peut contenir plusieurs caractères " "(par exemple, ``'1<>2<>3'.split('<>')`` retourne ``['1', '2', '3']``). " "Découper une chaîne vide en spécifiant *sep* donne ``['']``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1851 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1867 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1919 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1987 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2051 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2785 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2801 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2892 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2908 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2923 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2937 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2965 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2979 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2997 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3024 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3047 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3074 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3116 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3140 msgid "For example::" msgstr "Par exemple : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1860 msgid "" "If *sep* is not specified or is ``None``, a different splitting algorithm is " "applied: runs of consecutive whitespace are regarded as a single separator, " "and the result will contain no empty strings at the start or end if the " "string has leading or trailing whitespace. Consequently, splitting an empty " "string or a string consisting of just whitespace with a ``None`` separator " "returns ``[]``." msgstr "" "Si *sep* n'est pas spécifié ou est ``None``, un autre algorithme de " "découpage est appliqué : les espaces consécutifs sont considérés comme un " "seul séparateur, et le résultat ne contiendra pas les chaînes vides de début " "ou de la fin si la chaîne est préfixée ou suffixé d'espaces. Par conséquent, " "diviser une chaîne vide ou une chaîne composée d'espaces avec un séparateur " "``None`` renvoie ``[]``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1882 msgid "" "Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries. Line " "breaks are not included in the resulting list unless *keepends* is given and " "true." msgstr "" "Renvoie les lignes de la chaîne sous forme de liste, la découpe se fait au " "niveau deslimites des lignes. Les sauts de ligne ne sont pas inclus dans la " "liste des résultats, sauf si *keepends* est donné, et est vrai." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1886 msgid "" "This method splits on the following line boundaries. In particular, the " "boundaries are a superset of :term:`universal newlines`." msgstr "" "Cette méthode découpe sur les limites de ligne suivantes. Ces limites sont " "un sur ensemble de :term:`universal newlines`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1890 msgid "Representation" msgstr "Représentation" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1890 msgid "Description" msgstr "Description" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1892 msgid "``\\n``" msgstr "``\\n``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1892 msgid "Line Feed" msgstr "Saut de ligne" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1894 msgid "``\\r``" msgstr "``\\r``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1894 msgid "Carriage Return" msgstr "Retour Chariot" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1896 msgid "``\\r\\n``" msgstr "``\\r\\n``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1896 msgid "Carriage Return + Line Feed" msgstr "Retour Chariot + Saut de Ligne" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1898 msgid "``\\v`` or ``\\x0b``" msgstr "``\\v`` or ``\\x0b``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1898 msgid "Line Tabulation" msgstr "Tabulation Verticale" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1900 msgid "``\\f`` or ``\\x0c``" msgstr "``\\f`` or ``\\x0c``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1900 msgid "Form Feed" msgstr "Saut de Page" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1902 msgid "``\\x1c``" msgstr "``\\x1c``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1902 msgid "File Separator" msgstr "Séparateur de Fichiers" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1904 msgid "``\\x1d``" msgstr "``\\x1d``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1904 msgid "Group Separator" msgstr "Séparateur de groupes" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1906 msgid "``\\x1e``" msgstr "``\\x1e``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1906 msgid "Record Separator" msgstr "Séparateur d'enregistrements" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1908 msgid "``\\x85``" msgstr "``\\x85``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1908 msgid "Next Line (C1 Control Code)" msgstr "Ligne Suivante (code de contrôle C1)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1910 msgid "``\\u2028``" msgstr "``\\u2028``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1910 msgid "Line Separator" msgstr "Séparateur de Ligne" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1912 msgid "``\\u2029``" msgstr "``\\u2029``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1912 msgid "Paragraph Separator" msgstr "Séparateur de Paragraphe" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1917 msgid "``\\v`` and ``\\f`` added to list of line boundaries." msgstr "``\\v`` et ``\\f`` ajoutés à la liste des limites de lignes." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1926 msgid "" "Unlike :meth:`~str.split` when a delimiter string *sep* is given, this " "method returns an empty list for the empty string, and a terminal line break " "does not result in an extra line::" msgstr "" "Contrairement à :meth:`~str.split` lorsque *sep* est fourni, cette méthode " "renvoie une liste vide pour la chaîne vide, et un saut de ligne à la fin ne " "se traduit pas par une ligne supplémentaire : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1935 msgid "For comparison, ``split('\\n')`` gives::" msgstr "À titre de comparaison, ``split('\\n')`` donne : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1945 msgid "" "Return ``True`` if string starts with the *prefix*, otherwise return " "``False``. *prefix* can also be a tuple of prefixes to look for. With " "optional *start*, test string beginning at that position. With optional " "*end*, stop comparing string at that position." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si la chaîne commence par *prefix*, sinon ``False``. " "*prefix* peut aussi être un tuple de préfixes à rechercher. Lorsque *start* " "est donné, la comparaison commence à cette position, et lorsque *end* est " "donné, la comparaison s'arrête à celle ci." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1953 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string with the leading and trailing characters " "removed. The *chars* argument is a string specifying the set of characters " "to be removed. If omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to " "removing whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a prefix or suffix; rather, " "all combinations of its values are stripped::" msgstr "" "Donne une copie de la chaîne dont des caractères initiaux et finaux sont " "supprimés. L'argument *chars* est une chaîne spécifiant le jeu de caractères " "à supprimer. En cas d'omission ou ``None``, les espaces sont supprimés. " "L'argument *chars* est pas un préfixe ni un suffixe, toutes les combinaisons " "de ses valeurs sont supprimées : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1964 msgid "" "The outermost leading and trailing *chars* argument values are stripped from " "the string. Characters are removed from the leading end until reaching a " "string character that is not contained in the set of characters in *chars*. " "A similar action takes place on the trailing end. For example::" msgstr "" "Les caractères de *char* sont retirés du début et de la fin de la chaîne. " "Les caractères sont retirés de la gauche jusqu'à atteindre un caractère ne " "figurant pas dans le jeu de caractères dans *chars*. La même opération à " "lieu par la droite. Par exemple : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1977 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string with uppercase characters converted to lowercase " "and vice versa. Note that it is not necessarily true that ``s.swapcase()." "swapcase() == s``." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne dont les caractères majuscules sont " "convertis en minuscules et vice versa. Notez qu'il est pas nécessairement " "vrai que ``s.swapcase().swapcase() == s``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1984 msgid "" "Return a titlecased version of the string where words start with an " "uppercase character and the remaining characters are lowercase." msgstr "" "Renvoie une version en initiales majuscules de la chaîne où les mots " "commencent par une capitale et les caractères restants sont en minuscules." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:1992 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3084 msgid "" "The algorithm uses a simple language-independent definition of a word as " "groups of consecutive letters. The definition works in many contexts but it " "means that apostrophes in contractions and possessives form word boundaries, " "which may not be the desired result::" msgstr "" "Pour l'algorithme, la notion de mot est définie simplement et indépendamment " "de la langue comme un groupe de lettres consécutives. La définition " "fonctionnedans de nombreux contextes, mais cela signifie que les apostrophes " "(typiquement dela forme possessive en Anglais) forment les limites de mot, " "ce qui n'est pas toujours le résultat souhaité : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2000 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3092 msgid "" "A workaround for apostrophes can be constructed using regular expressions::" msgstr "" "Une solution pour contourner le problème des apostrophes peut être obtenue " "en utilisant des expressions rationnelles : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2015 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string in which each character has been mapped through " "the given translation table. The table must be an object that implements " "indexing via :meth:`__getitem__`, typically a :term:`mapping` or :term:" "`sequence`. When indexed by a Unicode ordinal (an integer), the table " "object can do any of the following: return a Unicode ordinal or a string, to " "map the character to one or more other characters; return ``None``, to " "delete the character from the return string; or raise a :exc:`LookupError` " "exception, to map the character to itself." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne dans laquelle chaque caractère a été changé " "selon la table de traduction donnée. La table doit être un objet qui " "implémente l'indexation via :meth:`__getitem__`, typiquement un :term:" "`mapping` ou une :term:`sequence`. Pour un ordinal Unicode (un entier), la " "table peut donner soit un ordinal Unicode ou une chaîne pour faire " "correspondre un ou plusieurs caractère au caractère donné, soit ``None`` " "pour supprimer le caractère de la chaîne de renvoyée soit lever une " "exception :exc:`LookupError` pour ne pas changer le caractère." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2024 msgid "" "You can use :meth:`str.maketrans` to create a translation map from character-" "to-character mappings in different formats." msgstr "" "Vous pouvez utiliser :meth:`str.maketrans` pour créer une table de " "correspondances de caractères dans différentsformats." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2027 msgid "" "See also the :mod:`codecs` module for a more flexible approach to custom " "character mappings." msgstr "" "Voir aussi le module :mod:`codecs` pour une approche plus souple de " "changements de caractères par correspondance." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2033 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string with all the cased characters [4]_ converted to " "uppercase. Note that ``str.upper().isupper()`` might be ``False`` if ``s`` " "contains uncased characters or if the Unicode category of the resulting " "character(s) is not \"Lu\" (Letter, uppercase), but e.g. \"Lt\" (Letter, " "titlecase)." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne dont tous les caractères capitalisables [4]_ " "sontconvertis en capitales. Notez que ``str.upper().isupper()`` pourrait " "être ``False`` si ``s`` contient des caractères non capitalisables ou si la " "catégorieUnicode d'un caractère du résultant est pas \"Lu\" (Lettre, " "majuscule), mais par exemple \"Lt\" (Lettre, titlecase)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2039 msgid "" "The uppercasing algorithm used is described in section 3.13 of the Unicode " "Standard." msgstr "" "L'algorithme de capitalisation utilisé est décrit dans la section 3.13 de la " "norme Unicode." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2045 msgid "" "Return a copy of the string left filled with ASCII ``'0'`` digits to make a " "string of length *width*. A leading sign prefix (``'+'``/``'-'``) is handled " "by inserting the padding *after* the sign character rather than before. The " "original string is returned if *width* is less than or equal to ``len(s)``." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la chaîne remplie par la gauche du chiffre (le " "caractère ASCII) ``'0'`` pour faire une chaîne de longueur *width*. Un " "préfixe (``'+'`` / ``'-'``) est permis par l'insertion du caractère de " "rembourrage *après* le caractère designe plutôt qu'avant. La chaîne " "d'origine est renvoyée si *width* est inférieur ou égale à ``len(s)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2063 msgid "``printf``-style String Formatting" msgstr "Formattage de chaines à la ``printf``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2077 msgid "" "The formatting operations described here exhibit a variety of quirks that " "lead to a number of common errors (such as failing to display tuples and " "dictionaries correctly). Using the newer :ref:`formatted string literals ` or the :meth:`str.format` interface helps avoid these errors. " "These alternatives also provide more powerful, flexible and extensible " "approaches to formatting text." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2084 msgid "" "String objects have one unique built-in operation: the ``%`` operator " "(modulo). This is also known as the string *formatting* or *interpolation* " "operator. Given ``format % values`` (where *format* is a string), ``%`` " "conversion specifications in *format* are replaced with zero or more " "elements of *values*. The effect is similar to using the :c:func:`sprintf` " "in the C language." msgstr "" "Les objets *str* n'exposent qu'une opération : L'opérateur ``%`` (modulo). " "Aussi connu sous le nom d'opérateur de *formatting* ouopérateur " "d'*interpolation*. Étant donné ``format % values`` (où *format* est une " "chaîne), les marqueurs ``%`` de *format* sont remplacés par zéro ou " "plusieurs éléments de *values*. L'effet est similaire à la fonction :c:func:" "`sprintf` du langage C." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2090 msgid "" "If *format* requires a single argument, *values* may be a single non-tuple " "object. [5]_ Otherwise, *values* must be a tuple with exactly the number of " "items specified by the format string, or a single mapping object (for " "example, a dictionary)." msgstr "" "Si *format* ne nécessite qu'un seul argument, *values* peut être un objet " "unique. [5]_ Si *values* est un tuple, il doit contenir exactement lenombre " "d'éléments spécifiés par la chaîne de format, ou un seul objet de " "correspondances ( *mapping object*, par exemple, un dictionnaire)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2095 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3191 msgid "" "A conversion specifier contains two or more characters and has the following " "components, which must occur in this order:" msgstr "" "Un indicateur de conversion contient deux ou plusieurs caractères et " "comporte les éléments suivants, qui doivent apparaître dans cet ordre :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2098 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3194 msgid "The ``'%'`` character, which marks the start of the specifier." msgstr "Le caractère ``'%'``, qui marque le début du marqueur." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2100 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3196 msgid "" "Mapping key (optional), consisting of a parenthesised sequence of characters " "(for example, ``(somename)``)." msgstr "" "La clé de correspondance (facultative), composée d'une suite de caractères " "entre parenthèse (par exemple, ``(somename)``)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2103 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3199 msgid "" "Conversion flags (optional), which affect the result of some conversion " "types." msgstr "" "Des options de conversion, facultatives, qui affectent le résultat de " "certains types de conversion." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2106 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3202 msgid "" "Minimum field width (optional). If specified as an ``'*'`` (asterisk), the " "actual width is read from the next element of the tuple in *values*, and the " "object to convert comes after the minimum field width and optional precision." msgstr "" "Largeur minimum (facultative). Si elle vaut ``'*'`` (astérisque), la largeur " "est lue de l'élément suivant du tuple *values*, et l'objet à convertir vient " "après la largeur de champ minimale et la précision facultative." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2110 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3206 msgid "" "Precision (optional), given as a ``'.'`` (dot) followed by the precision. " "If specified as ``'*'`` (an asterisk), the actual precision is read from the " "next element of the tuple in *values*, and the value to convert comes after " "the precision." msgstr "" "Précision (facultatif), donnée sous la forme d'un '``'.'`` (point) suivi de " "la précision. Si la précision est ``'*'`` (un astérisque), la précision est " "lue à partir de l'élément suivant du tuple *values* et la valeur à convertir " "vient ensuite." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2115 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3211 msgid "Length modifier (optional)." msgstr "Modificateur de longueur (facultatif)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2117 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3213 msgid "Conversion type." msgstr "Type de conversion." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2119 msgid "" "When the right argument is a dictionary (or other mapping type), then the " "formats in the string *must* include a parenthesised mapping key into that " "dictionary inserted immediately after the ``'%'`` character. The mapping key " "selects the value to be formatted from the mapping. For example:" msgstr "" "Lorsque l'argument de droite est un dictionnaire (ou un autre type de " "*mapping*), les marqueurs dans la chaîne *doivent* inclure une clé présente " "dans le dictionnaire, écrite entre parenthèses, immédiatement après le " "caractère ``'%'``. La clé indique quelle valeur du dictionnaire doit être " "formatée. Par exemple :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2128 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3224 msgid "" "In this case no ``*`` specifiers may occur in a format (since they require a " "sequential parameter list)." msgstr "" "Dans ce cas, aucune ``*`` ne peuvent se trouver dans le format (car ces " "``*`` nécessitent une liste (accès séquentiel) de paramètres)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2131 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3227 msgid "The conversion flag characters are:" msgstr "Les caractères indicateurs de conversion sont :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2134 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3230 msgid "Flag" msgstr "Option" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2136 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3232 msgid "``'#'``" msgstr "``'#'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2136 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3232 msgid "" "The value conversion will use the \"alternate form\" (where defined below)." msgstr "La conversion utilisera la \"forme alternative\" (définie ci-dessous)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2139 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3235 msgid "``'0'``" msgstr "``'0'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2139 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3235 msgid "The conversion will be zero padded for numeric values." msgstr "Les valeurs numériques converties seront complétée de zéros." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2141 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3237 msgid "``'-'``" msgstr "``'-'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2141 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3237 msgid "" "The converted value is left adjusted (overrides the ``'0'`` conversion if " "both are given)." msgstr "" "La valeur convertie est ajustée à gauche (remplace la conversion ``'0'`` si " "les deux sont données)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2144 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3240 msgid "``' '``" msgstr "``' '``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2144 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3240 msgid "" "(a space) A blank should be left before a positive number (or empty string) " "produced by a signed conversion." msgstr "" "(un espace) Un espace doit être laissé avant un nombre positif (ou chaîne " "vide) produite par la conversion d'une valeur signée." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2147 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3243 msgid "``'+'``" msgstr "``'+'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2147 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3243 msgid "" "A sign character (``'+'`` or ``'-'``) will precede the conversion (overrides " "a \"space\" flag)." msgstr "" "Un caractère de signe (``'+'`` ou ``'-'``) précéde la valeur convertie " "(remplace le marqueur \"espace\")." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2151 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3247 msgid "" "A length modifier (``h``, ``l``, or ``L``) may be present, but is ignored as " "it is not necessary for Python -- so e.g. ``%ld`` is identical to ``%d``." msgstr "" "Un modificateur de longueur (``h``, ``l`` ou ``L``) peut être présent, mais " "est ignoré car il est pas nécessaire pour Python - donc par exemple ``%ld`` " "est identique à ``%d``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2154 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3250 msgid "The conversion types are:" msgstr "Les types utilisables dans les conversion sont :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2157 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3253 msgid "Conversion" msgstr "Conversion" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2159 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3255 msgid "``'d'``" msgstr "``'d'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2159 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2161 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3255 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3257 msgid "Signed integer decimal." msgstr "Entier décimal signé." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2161 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3257 msgid "``'i'``" msgstr "``'i'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2163 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3259 msgid "``'o'``" msgstr "``'o'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2163 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3259 msgid "Signed octal value." msgstr "Valeur octale signée." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2165 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3261 msgid "``'u'``" msgstr "``'u'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2165 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3261 msgid "Obsolete type -- it is identical to ``'d'``." msgstr "Type obsolète - identique à ``'d'``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2167 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3263 msgid "``'x'``" msgstr "``'x'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2167 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3263 msgid "Signed hexadecimal (lowercase)." msgstr "Hexadécimal signé (en minuscules)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2169 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3265 msgid "``'X'``" msgstr "``'X'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2169 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3265 msgid "Signed hexadecimal (uppercase)." msgstr "Hexadécimal signé (capitales)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2171 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3267 msgid "``'e'``" msgstr "``'e'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2171 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3267 msgid "Floating point exponential format (lowercase)." msgstr "Format exponentiel pour un *float* (minuscule)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2173 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3269 msgid "``'E'``" msgstr "``'E'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2173 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3269 msgid "Floating point exponential format (uppercase)." msgstr "Format exponentiel pour un *float* (en capitales)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2175 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3271 msgid "``'f'``" msgstr "``'f'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2175 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2177 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3271 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3273 msgid "Floating point decimal format." msgstr "Format décimal pour un *float*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2177 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3273 msgid "``'F'``" msgstr "``'F'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2179 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3275 msgid "``'g'``" msgstr "``'g'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2179 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3275 msgid "" "Floating point format. Uses lowercase exponential format if exponent is less " "than -4 or not less than precision, decimal format otherwise." msgstr "" "Format *float*. Utilise le format exponentiel minuscules si l'exposant est " "inférieur à -4 ou pas plus petit que la précision, sinon le format décimal." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2183 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3279 msgid "``'G'``" msgstr "``'G'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2183 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3279 msgid "" "Floating point format. Uses uppercase exponential format if exponent is less " "than -4 or not less than precision, decimal format otherwise." msgstr "" "Format *float*. Utilise le format exponentiel en capitales si l'exposant est " "inférieur à -4 ou pas plus petit que la précision, sinon le format décimal." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2187 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3283 msgid "``'c'``" msgstr "``'c'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2187 msgid "Single character (accepts integer or single character string)." msgstr "" "Un seul caractère (accepte des entiers ou une chaîne d'un seul caractère)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2190 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3296 msgid "``'r'``" msgstr "``'r'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2190 msgid "String (converts any Python object using :func:`repr`)." msgstr "String (convertit n'importe quel objet Python avec :func:`repr`)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2193 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3290 msgid "``'s'``" msgstr "``'s'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2193 msgid "String (converts any Python object using :func:`str`)." msgstr "String (convertit n'importe quel objet Python avec :func:`str`)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2196 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3293 msgid "``'a'``" msgstr "``'a'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2196 msgid "String (converts any Python object using :func:`ascii`)." msgstr "" "String (convertit n'importe quel objet Python en utilisant :func:`ascii`)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2199 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3299 msgid "``'%'``" msgstr "``'%'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2199 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3299 msgid "No argument is converted, results in a ``'%'`` character in the result." msgstr "" "Aucun argument n'est converti, donne un caractère de ``'%'`` dans le " "résultat." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2206 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3306 msgid "" "The alternate form causes a leading octal specifier (``'0o'``) to be " "inserted before the first digit." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2210 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3310 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The alternate form causes a leading ``'0x'`` or ``'0X'`` (depending on " "whether the ``'x'`` or ``'X'`` format was used) to be inserted before the " "first digit." msgstr "" "La forme alternative insère ``'0x'`` ou ``'0X'`` (respectivement pour les " "formats ``'x'`` et ``'X'``) entre le rembourrage de gauche et nombre " "formaté, si le premier caractère n'est pas déjà un zéro." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2214 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3314 msgid "" "The alternate form causes the result to always contain a decimal point, even " "if no digits follow it." msgstr "" "La forme alternative implique la présence d'un point décimal, même si aucun " "chiffre ne le suit." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2217 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3317 msgid "" "The precision determines the number of digits after the decimal point and " "defaults to 6." msgstr "" "La précision détermine le nombre de chiffres après la virgule, 6 par défaut." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2221 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3321 msgid "" "The alternate form causes the result to always contain a decimal point, and " "trailing zeroes are not removed as they would otherwise be." msgstr "" "La forme alternative implique la présence d'un point décimal et les zéros " "non significatifs sont conservés (ils ne le seraient pas autrement)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2224 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3324 msgid "" "The precision determines the number of significant digits before and after " "the decimal point and defaults to 6." msgstr "" "La précision détermine le nombre de chiffres significatifs avant et après la " "virgule. 6 par défaut." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2228 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3328 msgid "If precision is ``N``, the output is truncated to ``N`` characters." msgstr "Si la précision est ``N``, la sortie est tronquée à ``N`` caractères." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2231 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3337 msgid "See :pep:`237`." msgstr "Voir la :pep:`237`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2233 msgid "" "Since Python strings have an explicit length, ``%s`` conversions do not " "assume that ``'\\0'`` is the end of the string." msgstr "" "Puisque les chaînes Python ont une longueur explicite, les conversions ``" "%s`` ne considèrent pas ``'\\0'`` comme la fin de la chaîne." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2238 msgid "" "``%f`` conversions for numbers whose absolute value is over 1e50 are no " "longer replaced by ``%g`` conversions." msgstr "" "Les conversions ``%f`` pour nombres dont la valeur absolue est supérieure à " "1e50 ne sont plus remplacés par des conversions ``%g``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2249 msgid "" "Binary Sequence Types --- :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, :class:" "`memoryview`" msgstr "" "Séquences Binaires --- :class:`bytes`, :class:`bytearray`, :class:" "`memoryview`" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2257 msgid "" "The core built-in types for manipulating binary data are :class:`bytes` and :" "class:`bytearray`. They are supported by :class:`memoryview` which uses the :" "ref:`buffer protocol ` to access the memory of other binary " "objects without needing to make a copy." msgstr "" "Les principaux types natifs pour manipuler des données binaires sont :class:" "`bytes` et :class:`bytearray`. Ils sont supportés par :class:`memoryview` " "qui utilise le :ref:`buffer protocol ` pour accéder à la " "mémoire d'autres objets binaires sans avoir besoin d'en faire une copie." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2262 msgid "" "The :mod:`array` module supports efficient storage of basic data types like " "32-bit integers and IEEE754 double-precision floating values." msgstr "" "Le module :mod:`array` permet le stockage efficace de types basiques comme " "les entiers de 32 bits et les *float* double precision IEEE754." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2268 msgid "Bytes" msgstr "Bytes" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2272 msgid "" "Bytes objects are immutable sequences of single bytes. Since many major " "binary protocols are based on the ASCII text encoding, bytes objects offer " "several methods that are only valid when working with ASCII compatible data " "and are closely related to string objects in a variety of other ways." msgstr "" "Les *Bytes* sont des séquences immuables d'octets. Comme beaucoup de " "protocoles binaires utilisent l'ASCII, les objets *Bytes* offrent plusieurs " "méthodes qui ne sont valables que lors de la manipulation de données ASCII " "et sont étroitement liés aux objets *str* dans moulte autres aspects." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2277 msgid "" "Firstly, the syntax for bytes literals is largely the same as that for " "string literals, except that a ``b`` prefix is added:" msgstr "" "Tout d'abord, la syntaxe des *bytes* littéraux est en grande partie la même " "que pour les chaînes littérales, en dehors du préfixe ``b`` :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2280 msgid "Single quotes: ``b'still allows embedded \"double\" quotes'``" msgstr "" "Les guillemets simples : ``b'autorisent aussi les guillemets \"doubles\"'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2281 msgid "Double quotes: ``b\"still allows embedded 'single' quotes\"``." msgstr "" "Les guillemets doubles : ``b\"permettent aussi les guillemets 'simples'\"``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2282 msgid "" "Triple quoted: ``b'''3 single quotes'''``, ``b\"\"\"3 double quotes\"\"\"``" msgstr "" "Les guillemets triples : ``b'''3 single quotes'''``, ``b\"\"\"3 double quotes" "\"\"\"``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2284 msgid "" "Only ASCII characters are permitted in bytes literals (regardless of the " "declared source code encoding). Any binary values over 127 must be entered " "into bytes literals using the appropriate escape sequence." msgstr "" "Seuls les caractères ASCII sont autorisés dans les littéraux de *bytes* " "(quel que soit l'encodage du code source déclaré). Toutes les valeurs au " "delà de 127 doivent être entrés dans littéraux de *bytes* en utilisant une " "séquence d'échappement appropriée." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2288 msgid "" "As with string literals, bytes literals may also use a ``r`` prefix to " "disable processing of escape sequences. See :ref:`strings` for more about " "the various forms of bytes literal, including supported escape sequences." msgstr "" "Comme avec les chaînes littérales, les *bytes* littéraux peuvent également " "utiliser un préfixe ``r`` pour désactiver le traitement des séquences " "d'échappement. Voir :ref:`strings` pour plus d'informations sur les " "différentes formes littérales de *bytes*, y compris les séquences " "d'échappement supportées." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2292 msgid "" "While bytes literals and representations are based on ASCII text, bytes " "objects actually behave like immutable sequences of integers, with each " "value in the sequence restricted such that ``0 <= x < 256`` (attempts to " "violate this restriction will trigger :exc:`ValueError`. This is done " "deliberately to emphasise that while many binary formats include ASCII based " "elements and can be usefully manipulated with some text-oriented algorithms, " "this is not generally the case for arbitrary binary data (blindly applying " "text processing algorithms to binary data formats that are not ASCII " "compatible will usually lead to data corruption)." msgstr "" "Bien que les *bytes* littéraux, et leurs représentation, soient basés sur du " "texte ASCII, les *bytes* se comportent en fait comme des séquences immuables " "de nombres entiers, dont les valeurs sont restreintes dans ``0 <= x < 256`` " "(ne pas respecter cette restriction lève une :exc:`ValueError`. Ceci est " "fait délibérément afin de souligner que, bien que de nombreux encodages " "binaires soient compatibles avec l'ASCII, et peuvent être manipulés avec des " "algorithmes orientés texte, ce n'est généralement pas le cas pour les " "données binaires arbitraires (appliquer aveuglément des algorithmes de texte " "sur des données binaires qui ne sont pas compatibles ASCII conduit " "généralement à leur corruption)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2302 msgid "" "In addition to the literal forms, bytes objects can be created in a number " "of other ways:" msgstr "" "En plus des formes littérales, des objets *bytes* peuvent être créés par de " "nombreux moyens :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2305 msgid "A zero-filled bytes object of a specified length: ``bytes(10)``" msgstr "" "Un objet *bytes* rempli de zéros d'une longueur spécifiée : ``bytes(10)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2306 msgid "From an iterable of integers: ``bytes(range(20))``" msgstr "D'un itérable d'entiers : ``bytes(range(20))``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2307 msgid "Copying existing binary data via the buffer protocol: ``bytes(obj)``" msgstr "" "Copier des données binaires existantes via le *buffer protocol* : " "``bytes(obj)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2309 msgid "Also see the :ref:`bytes ` built-in." msgstr "Voir aussi la fonction native :ref:`bytes `." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2311 msgid "" "Since 2 hexadecimal digits correspond precisely to a single byte, " "hexadecimal numbers are a commonly used format for describing binary data. " "Accordingly, the bytes type has an additional class method to read data in " "that format:" msgstr "" "Puisque 2 chiffres hexadécimaux correspondent précisément à un seul octet, " "les nombres hexadécimaux sont un format couramment utilisé pour décrire les " "données binaires. Par conséquent, le type *bytes* a une méthode de classe " "pour lire des données dans ce format :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2317 msgid "" "This :class:`bytes` class method returns a bytes object, decoding the given " "string object. The string must contain two hexadecimal digits per byte, " "with ASCII spaces being ignored." msgstr "" "Cette méthode de la classe :class:`bytes` renvoie un objet *bytes*, décodant " "la chaîne donnée. La chaîne doit contenir deux chiffres hexadécimaux par " "octet, les espaces ASCII sont ignorés." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2324 msgid "" "A reverse conversion function exists to transform a bytes object into its " "hexadecimal representation." msgstr "" "Une fonction de conversion inverse existe pour transformer un objet *bytes* " "en sa représentation hexadécimale." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2329 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2397 msgid "" "Return a string object containing two hexadecimal digits for each byte in " "the instance." msgstr "" "Renvoie une chaîne contenant deux chiffres hexadécimaux pour chaque octet du " "*byte*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2337 msgid "" "Since bytes objects are sequences of integers (akin to a tuple), for a bytes " "object *b*, ``b[0]`` will be an integer, while ``b[0:1]`` will be a bytes " "object of length 1. (This contrasts with text strings, where both indexing " "and slicing will produce a string of length 1)" msgstr "" "Comme les objets *bytes* sont des séquences d'entiers (semblables à un " "tuple), pour une instance de *bytes* *b*, ``b[0]`` sera un entier, tandis " "que``b[0:1]`` sera un objet *bytes* de longueur 1. (Cela contraste avec les " "chaînes, où l'indexation et le *slicing* donne une chaîne de longueur 1)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2342 msgid "" "The representation of bytes objects uses the literal format (``b'...'``) " "since it is often more useful than e.g. ``bytes([46, 46, 46])``. You can " "always convert a bytes object into a list of integers using ``list(b)``." msgstr "" "La représentation des *bytes* utilise le format littéral (``b'...'``) car il " "est souvent plus utile que par exemple ``bytes([46, 46, 46])``. Vous pouvez " "toujours convertir un *bytes* en liste d'entiers en utilisant ``list(b)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2347 msgid "" "For Python 2.x users: In the Python 2.x series, a variety of implicit " "conversions between 8-bit strings (the closest thing 2.x offers to a built-" "in binary data type) and Unicode strings were permitted. This was a " "backwards compatibility workaround to account for the fact that Python " "originally only supported 8-bit text, and Unicode text was a later addition. " "In Python 3.x, those implicit conversions are gone - conversions between 8-" "bit binary data and Unicode text must be explicit, and bytes and string " "objects will always compare unequal." msgstr "" "Pour les utilisateurs de Python 2.x : Dans la série 2.x de Python, une " "variété de conversions implicites entre les chaînes 8-bit (la chose la plus " "proche d'un type natif de données binaires offert par Python 2) et des " "chaînes Unicode étaient permises. C'était solution de contournement, pour " "garder la rétro-compatibilité, par rapport au fait que Python ne prenait " "initialement en charge que le texte 8 bits, le texte Unicode est un ajout " "ultérieur. En Python 3.x, ces conversions implicites ont disparues - les " "conversions entre les données binaires et texte Unicode doivent être " "explicites, et les *bytes* sont toujours différents des chaînes." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2360 msgid "Bytearray Objects" msgstr "Objets *bytearray*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2364 msgid "" ":class:`bytearray` objects are a mutable counterpart to :class:`bytes` " "objects. There is no dedicated literal syntax for bytearray objects, instead " "they are always created by calling the constructor:" msgstr "" "La classe :class:`bytearray` est une contrepartie mutable à la classe :class:" "`bytes`. Il n'y a pas de syntaxe littérale dédiée aux *bytearray*, ils sont " "toujours créés en appelant le constructeur :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2368 msgid "Creating an empty instance: ``bytearray()``" msgstr "Créer une instance vide: ``bytearray()``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2369 msgid "Creating a zero-filled instance with a given length: ``bytearray(10)``" msgstr "" "Créer une instance remplie de zéros d'une longueur donnée : ``bytearray(10)``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2370 msgid "From an iterable of integers: ``bytearray(range(20))``" msgstr "À partir d'un itérable d'entiers : ``bytearray(range(20))``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2371 msgid "" "Copying existing binary data via the buffer protocol: ``bytearray(b'Hi!')``" msgstr "" "Copie des données binaires existantes via le *buffer protocol* : " "``bytearray(b'Hi!')``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2373 msgid "" "As bytearray objects are mutable, they support the :ref:`mutable ` sequence operations in addition to the common bytes and bytearray " "operations described in :ref:`bytes-methods`." msgstr "" "Comme les *bytearray* sont mutables, ils prennent en charge les opérations " "de séquence :ref:`mutables ` en plus des opérations " "communes de *bytes* et *bytearray* décrites dans :ref:`bytes-methods`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2377 msgid "Also see the :ref:`bytearray ` built-in." msgstr "Voir aussi la fonction native :ref:`bytearray `." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2379 msgid "" "Since 2 hexadecimal digits correspond precisely to a single byte, " "hexadecimal numbers are a commonly used format for describing binary data. " "Accordingly, the bytearray type has an additional class method to read data " "in that format:" msgstr "" "Puisque 2 chiffres hexadécimaux correspondent précisément à un octet, les " "nombres hexadécimaux sont un format couramment utilisé pour décrire les " "données binaires. Par conséquent, le type *bytearray* a une méthode de " "classe pour lire les données dans ce format :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2385 msgid "" "This :class:`bytearray` class method returns bytearray object, decoding the " "given string object. The string must contain two hexadecimal digits per " "byte, with ASCII spaces being ignored." msgstr "" "Cette méthode de la classe :class:`bytearray` renvoie un objet *bytearray*, " "décodant la chaîne donnée. La chaîne doit contenir deux chiffres " "hexadécimaux par octet, les espaces ASCII sont ignorés." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2392 msgid "" "A reverse conversion function exists to transform a bytearray object into " "its hexadecimal representation." msgstr "" "Une fonction de conversion inverse existe pour transformer un objet " "*bytearray* en sa représentation hexadécimale." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2405 msgid "" "Since bytearray objects are sequences of integers (akin to a list), for a " "bytearray object *b*, ``b[0]`` will be an integer, while ``b[0:1]`` will be " "a bytearray object of length 1. (This contrasts with text strings, where " "both indexing and slicing will produce a string of length 1)" msgstr "" "Comme les *bytearray* sont des séquences d'entiers (semblables à une liste), " "pour un objet *bytearray* *b*, ``b[0]`` sera un entier, tandis que " "``b[0:1]`` sera un objet *bytearray* de longueur 1. (Ceci contraste avec les " "chaînes de texte, où l'indexation et le *slicing* produit une chaîne de " "longueur 1)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2410 msgid "" "The representation of bytearray objects uses the bytes literal format " "(``bytearray(b'...')``) since it is often more useful than e.g. " "``bytearray([46, 46, 46])``. You can always convert a bytearray object into " "a list of integers using ``list(b)``." msgstr "" "La représentation des objets *bytearray* utilise le format littéral des " "*bytes* (``bytearray(b'...')``) car il est souvent plus utile que par " "exemple ``bytearray([46, 46, 46])``. Vous pouvez toujours convertir un objet " "*bytearray* en une liste de nombres entiers en utilisant ``list(b)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2419 msgid "Bytes and Bytearray Operations" msgstr "Opérations sur les *bytes* et *bytearray*" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2424 msgid "" "Both bytes and bytearray objects support the :ref:`common ` " "sequence operations. They interoperate not just with operands of the same " "type, but with any :term:`bytes-like object`. Due to this flexibility, they " "can be freely mixed in operations without causing errors. However, the " "return type of the result may depend on the order of operands." msgstr "" "*bytes* et *bytearray* prennent en charge les opérations :ref:`communes " "` des séquences. Ils interagissent non seulement avec des " "opérandes de même type, mais aussi avec les :term:`bytes-like object`. En " "raison de cette flexibilité, ils peuvent être mélangés librement dans des " "opérations sans provoquer d'erreurs. Cependant, le type du résultat peut " "dépendre de l'ordre des opérandes." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2432 msgid "" "The methods on bytes and bytearray objects don't accept strings as their " "arguments, just as the methods on strings don't accept bytes as their " "arguments. For example, you have to write::" msgstr "" "Les méthodes sur les *bytes* et les *bytearray* n'acceptent pas les chaînes " "comme arguments, tout comme les méthodes sur les chaînes n'acceptent pas les " "*bytes* comme arguments. Par exemple, vous devez écrire ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2439 msgid "and::" msgstr "et  : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2444 msgid "" "Some bytes and bytearray operations assume the use of ASCII compatible " "binary formats, and hence should be avoided when working with arbitrary " "binary data. These restrictions are covered below." msgstr "" "Quelques opérations de *bytes* et *bytesarray* supposent l'utilisation de " "formats binaires compatibles ASCII, et donc doivent être évités lorsque vous " "travaillez avec des données binaires arbitraires. Ces restrictions sont " "couvertes ci-dessous." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2449 msgid "" "Using these ASCII based operations to manipulate binary data that is not " "stored in an ASCII based format may lead to data corruption." msgstr "" "Utiliser ces opérations basées sur l'ASCII pour manipuler des données " "binaires qui ne sont pas au format ASCII peut les corrompre." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2452 msgid "" "The following methods on bytes and bytearray objects can be used with " "arbitrary binary data." msgstr "" "Les méthodes suivantes sur les *bytes* et *bytearray* peuvent être utilisées " "avec des données binaires arbitraires." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2458 msgid "" "Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsequence *sub* in the " "range [*start*, *end*]. Optional arguments *start* and *end* are " "interpreted as in slice notation." msgstr "" "Renvoie le nombre d'occurrences qui ne se chevauchent pas de la sous-" "séquence *sub* dans l'intervalle [*start*, *end*]. Les arguments facultatifs " "*start* et *end* sont interprétés comme pour un *slice*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2462 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2509 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2531 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2596 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2609 msgid "" "The subsequence to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object` or an " "integer in the range 0 to 255." msgstr "" "La sous-séquence à rechercher peut être un quelconque :term:`bytes-like " "object` ou un nombre entier compris entre 0 et 255." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2465 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2521 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2534 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2599 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2612 msgid "Also accept an integer in the range 0 to 255 as the subsequence." msgstr "" "Accepte aussi un nombre entier compris entre 0 et 255 comme sous-séquence." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2472 msgid "" "Return a string decoded from the given bytes. Default encoding is " "``'utf-8'``. *errors* may be given to set a different error handling " "scheme. The default for *errors* is ``'strict'``, meaning that encoding " "errors raise a :exc:`UnicodeError`. Other possible values are ``'ignore'``, " "``'replace'`` and any other name registered via :func:`codecs." "register_error`, see section :ref:`error-handlers`. For a list of possible " "encodings, see section :ref:`standard-encodings`." msgstr "" "Décode les octets donnés, et le renvoie sous forme d'une chaîne de " "caractères. L'encodage par défaut est ``'utf-8'``. *errors* peut être donné " "pour changer de système de gestion des erreurs. Sa valeur par défaut est " "``'strict'``, ce qui signifie que les erreurs d'encodage lèvent une :exc:" "`UnicodeError`. Les autres valeurs possibles sont ``'ignore'``, " "``'replace'`` et tout autre nom enregistré via :func:`codecs." "register_error`, voir la section :ref:`error-handlers`. Pour une liste des " "encodages possibles, voir la section :ref:`standard-encodings`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2482 msgid "" "Passing the *encoding* argument to :class:`str` allows decoding any :term:" "`bytes-like object` directly, without needing to make a temporary bytes or " "bytearray object." msgstr "" "Passer l'argument *encoding* à :class:`str` permet de décoder tout :term:" "`bytes-like object` directement, sans avoir besoin d'utiliser un *bytes* ou " "*bytearray* temporaire." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2486 msgid "Added support for keyword arguments." msgstr "Gère les arguments nommés." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2493 msgid "" "Return ``True`` if the binary data ends with the specified *suffix*, " "otherwise return ``False``. *suffix* can also be a tuple of suffixes to " "look for. With optional *start*, test beginning at that position. With " "optional *end*, stop comparing at that position." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si les octets se terminent par *suffix*, sinon ``False``. " "*suffix* peut aussi être un tuple de suffixes à rechercher. Avec l'argument " "optionnel *start*, la recherche se fait à partir de cette position. Avec " "l'argument optionnel *end*, la comparaison s'arrête à cette position." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2498 msgid "The suffix(es) to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." msgstr "" "Les suffixes à rechercher peuvent être n'importe quel :term:`bytes-like " "object`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2504 msgid "" "Return the lowest index in the data where the subsequence *sub* is found, " "such that *sub* is contained in the slice ``s[start:end]``. Optional " "arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in slice notation. Return " "``-1`` if *sub* is not found." msgstr "" "Donne la première position où le *sub* se trouve dans les données, de telle " "sorte que *sub* soit contenue dans ``s[start:end]``. Les arguments " "facultatifs *start* et *end* sont interprétés comme dans la notation des " "*slices*. Donne ``-1`` si *sub* n'est pas trouvé." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2514 msgid "" "The :meth:`~bytes.find` method should be used only if you need to know the " "position of *sub*. To check if *sub* is a substring or not, use the :" "keyword:`in` operator::" msgstr "" "La méthode :meth:`~bytes.find` ne doit être utilisée que si vous avez besoin " "de connaître la position de *sub*. Pour vérifier si *sub* est présent ou " "non, utilisez l'opérateur :keyword:`in` ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2528 msgid "" "Like :meth:`~bytes.find`, but raise :exc:`ValueError` when the subsequence " "is not found." msgstr "" "Comme :meth:`~bytes.find`, mais lève une :exc:`ValueError` lorsque la " "séquence est introuvable." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2541 msgid "" "Return a bytes or bytearray object which is the concatenation of the binary " "data sequences in the :term:`iterable` *iterable*. A :exc:`TypeError` will " "be raised if there are any values in *iterable* that are not :term:`bytes-" "like objects `, including :class:`str` objects. The " "separator between elements is the contents of the bytes or bytearray object " "providing this method." msgstr "" "Donne un *bytes* ou *bytearray* qui est la concaténation des séquences de " "données binaires dans l':term:`itérable ` *iterable*. Une " "exception :exc:`TypeError` est levée si des valeurs dans *iterable* ne sont " "pas des :term:`bytes-like objects `, y compris pour des :" "class:`str`. Le séparateur entre les éléments est le contenu du *bytes* ou " "du *bytearray* depuis lequel cette méthode est appelée." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2552 msgid "" "This static method returns a translation table usable for :meth:`bytes." "translate` that will map each character in *from* into the character at the " "same position in *to*; *from* and *to* must both be :term:`bytes-like " "objects ` and have the same length." msgstr "" "Cette méthode statique renvoie une table de traduction utilisable par :meth:" "`bytes.translate` qui permettra de changer chaque caractère de *from* par un " "caractère à la même position dans *to*; *from* et *to* doivent tous deux " "être des :term:`bytes-like objects ` et avoir la même " "longueur." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2563 msgid "" "Split the sequence at the first occurrence of *sep*, and return a 3-tuple " "containing the part before the separator, the separator, and the part after " "the separator. If the separator is not found, return a 3-tuple containing a " "copy of the original sequence, followed by two empty bytes or bytearray " "objects." msgstr "" "Divise la séquence à la première occurrence de *sep*, et renvoie un 3-tuple " "contenant la partie précédant le séparateur, le séparateur, et la partie " "suivant le séparateur. Si le séparateur est pas trouvé, le 3-tuple renvoyé " "contiendra une copie de la séquence d'origine, suivi de deux *bytes* ou " "*bytearray* vides." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2569 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2625 msgid "The separator to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." msgstr "Le séparateur à rechercher peut être tout :term:`bytes-like object`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2575 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence with all occurrences of subsequence *old* " "replaced by *new*. If the optional argument *count* is given, only the " "first *count* occurrences are replaced." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence dont toutes les occurrences de la sous-" "séquence *old* sont remplacées par *new*. Si l'argument optionnel *count* " "est donné, seules les *count* premières occurrences de sont remplacés." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2579 msgid "" "The subsequence to search for and its replacement may be any :term:`bytes-" "like object`." msgstr "" "La sous-séquence à rechercher et son remplacement peuvent être n'importe " "quel :term:`bytes-like object`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2584 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2676 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2690 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2714 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2728 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2763 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2833 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2851 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2879 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3008 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3063 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3106 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3127 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3149 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3341 msgid "" "The bytearray version of this method does *not* operate in place - it always " "produces a new object, even if no changes were made." msgstr "" "La version *bytearray* de cette méthode *ne modifie pas* les octets, elle " "produit toujours un nouvel objet, même si aucune modification n'a été " "effectuée." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2591 msgid "" "Return the highest index in the sequence where the subsequence *sub* is " "found, such that *sub* is contained within ``s[start:end]``. Optional " "arguments *start* and *end* are interpreted as in slice notation. Return " "``-1`` on failure." msgstr "" "Donne la plus grande position de *sub* dans la séquence, de telle sorte que " "*sub* soit dans ``s[start:end]``. Les arguments facultatifs *start* et *end* " "sont interprétés comme dans lanotation des *slices*. Donne ``-1`` si *sub* " "n'est pas trouvable." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2606 msgid "" "Like :meth:`~bytes.rfind` but raises :exc:`ValueError` when the subsequence " "*sub* is not found." msgstr "" "Semblable à :meth:`~bytes.rfind` mais lève une :exc:`ValueError` lorsque " "*sub* est introuvable." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2619 msgid "" "Split the sequence at the last occurrence of *sep*, and return a 3-tuple " "containing the part before the separator, the separator, and the part after " "the separator. If the separator is not found, return a 3-tuple containing a " "copy of the original sequence, followed by two empty bytes or bytearray " "objects." msgstr "" "Coupe la séquence à la dernière occurrence de *sep*, et renvoie un tuple de " "trois elements contenant la partie précédent le séparateur, le séparateur, " "et la partie suivant le séparateur. Si le séparateur n'est pas trouvé, le " "tuple contiendra une copie de la séquence d'origine, suivi de deux *bytes* " "ou *bytesarray* vides." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2631 msgid "" "Return ``True`` if the binary data starts with the specified *prefix*, " "otherwise return ``False``. *prefix* can also be a tuple of prefixes to " "look for. With optional *start*, test beginning at that position. With " "optional *end*, stop comparing at that position." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si les données binaires commencent par le *prefix* spécifié, " "sinon ``False``. *prefix* peut aussi être un tuple de préfixes à rechercher. " "Avec l'argument *start* la recherche commence à cette position. Avec " "l'argument *end* option, la recherche s'arrête à cette position." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2636 msgid "The prefix(es) to search for may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." msgstr "" "Le préfixe(s) à rechercher peuvent être n'importe quel :term:`bytes-like " "object`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2642 msgid "" "Return a copy of the bytes or bytearray object where all bytes occurring in " "the optional argument *delete* are removed, and the remaining bytes have " "been mapped through the given translation table, which must be a bytes " "object of length 256." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie du *bytes* ou *bytearray* dont tous les octets de " "*delete* sont supprimés, et les octets restants changés par la table de " "correspondance donnée, qui doit être un objet *bytes* d'une longueur de 256." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2647 msgid "" "You can use the :func:`bytes.maketrans` method to create a translation table." msgstr "" "Vous pouvez utiliser la méthode :func:`bytes.maketrans` pour créer une table " "de correspondance." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2650 msgid "" "Set the *table* argument to ``None`` for translations that only delete " "characters::" msgstr "" "Donnez ``None`` comme *table* pour seulement supprimer des caractères : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2656 msgid "*delete* is now supported as a keyword argument." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2660 msgid "" "The following methods on bytes and bytearray objects have default behaviours " "that assume the use of ASCII compatible binary formats, but can still be " "used with arbitrary binary data by passing appropriate arguments. Note that " "all of the bytearray methods in this section do *not* operate in place, and " "instead produce new objects." msgstr "" "Les méthodes suivantes sur les *bytes* et *bytearray* supposent par défaut " "que les données traitées sont compatible ASCII, mais peuvent toujours être " "utilisées avec des données binaires, arbitraires, en passant des arguments " "appropriés. Notez que toutes les méthodes de *bytearray* de cette section " "ne travaillent jamais sur l'objet lui même, mais renvoient un nouvel objet." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2669 msgid "" "Return a copy of the object centered in a sequence of length *width*. " "Padding is done using the specified *fillbyte* (default is an ASCII space). " "For :class:`bytes` objects, the original sequence is returned if *width* is " "less than or equal to ``len(s)``." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de l'objet centrée dans une séquence de longueur *width*. " "Le remplissage est fait en utilisant *fillbyte* (qui par défaut est un " "espace ASCII). Pour les objets :class:`bytes`, la séquence initiale est " "renvoyée si *width* est inférieur ou égal à ``len(s)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2683 msgid "" "Return a copy of the object left justified in a sequence of length *width*. " "Padding is done using the specified *fillbyte* (default is an ASCII space). " "For :class:`bytes` objects, the original sequence is returned if *width* is " "less than or equal to ``len(s)``." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de l'objet aligné à gauche dans une séquence de longueur " "*width*. Le remplissage est fait en utilisant *fillbyte* (par défaut un " "espace ASCII). Pour les objets :class:`bytes`, la séquence initiale est " "renvoyée si *width* est inférieure ou égale à ``len(s)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2697 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence with specified leading bytes removed. The " "*chars* argument is a binary sequence specifying the set of byte values to " "be removed - the name refers to the fact this method is usually used with " "ASCII characters. If omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to " "removing ASCII whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a prefix; rather, " "all combinations of its values are stripped::" msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence dont certains préfixes ont été supprimés. " "L’argument *chars* est une séquence binaire spécifiant le jeu d'octets à " "supprimer. Ce nom se réfère au fait de cette méthode est généralement " "utilisée avec des caractères ASCII. En cas d’omission ou ``None``, la valeur " "par défaut de *chars* permet de supprimer des espaces ASCII. L’argument " "*chars* n’est pas un préfixe, toutes les combinaisons de ses valeurs sont " "supprimées ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2709 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2758 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2828 msgid "" "The binary sequence of byte values to remove may be any :term:`bytes-like " "object`." msgstr "" "La séquence de valeurs à supprimer peut être tout :term:`bytes-like object`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2721 msgid "" "Return a copy of the object right justified in a sequence of length *width*. " "Padding is done using the specified *fillbyte* (default is an ASCII space). " "For :class:`bytes` objects, the original sequence is returned if *width* is " "less than or equal to ``len(s)``." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de l'objet justifié à droite dans une séquence de longueur " "*width*. Le remplissage est fait en utilisant le caractère *fillbyte* (par " "défaut est un espace ASCII). Pour les objets :class:`bytes`, la séquence " "d'origine est renvoyée si *width* est inférieure ou égale à ``len(s)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2735 msgid "" "Split the binary sequence into subsequences of the same type, using *sep* as " "the delimiter string. If *maxsplit* is given, at most *maxsplit* splits are " "done, the *rightmost* ones. If *sep* is not specified or ``None``, any " "subsequence consisting solely of ASCII whitespace is a separator. Except for " "splitting from the right, :meth:`rsplit` behaves like :meth:`split` which is " "described in detail below." msgstr "" "Divise la séquence d'octets en sous-séquences du même type, en utilisant " "*sep* comme séparateur. Si *maxsplit* est donné, c'est le nombre maximum de " "divisions qui pourront être faites, celles \"à droite\". Si *sep* est pas " "spécifié ou est ``None``, toute sous-séquence composée uniquement d'espaces " "ASCII est un séparateur. En dehors du fait qu'il découpe par la droite, :" "meth:`rsplit` se comporte comme :meth:`split` qui est décrit en détail ci-" "dessous." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2746 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence with specified trailing bytes removed. The " "*chars* argument is a binary sequence specifying the set of byte values to " "be removed - the name refers to the fact this method is usually used with " "ASCII characters. If omitted or ``None``, the *chars* argument defaults to " "removing ASCII whitespace. The *chars* argument is not a suffix; rather, " "all combinations of its values are stripped::" msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence dont des octets finaux sont supprimés. " "L'argument *chars* est une séquence d'octets spécifiant le jeu de caractères " "à supprimer - . En cas d'omission ou ``None``, les espaces ASCII sont " "supprimés. L'argument *chars* n'est pas un suffixe : toutes les combinaisons " "de ses valeurs sont retirées : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2770 msgid "" "Split the binary sequence into subsequences of the same type, using *sep* as " "the delimiter string. If *maxsplit* is given and non-negative, at most " "*maxsplit* splits are done (thus, the list will have at most ``maxsplit+1`` " "elements). If *maxsplit* is not specified or is ``-1``, then there is no " "limit on the number of splits (all possible splits are made)." msgstr "" "Divise la séquence en sous-séquences du même type, en utilisant *sep* comme " "séparateur. Si *maxsplit* est donné, c'est le nombre maximum de divisions " "qui pourront être faites (la liste aura donc au plus ``maxsplit+1`` " "éléments), Si *maxsplit* n'est pas spécifié ou faut ``-1``, il n'y a aucune " "limite au nombre de découpes (elles sont toutes effectuées)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2776 msgid "" "If *sep* is given, consecutive delimiters are not grouped together and are " "deemed to delimit empty subsequences (for example, ``b'1,,2'.split(b',')`` " "returns ``[b'1', b'', b'2']``). The *sep* argument may consist of a " "multibyte sequence (for example, ``b'1<>2<>3'.split(b'<>')`` returns " "``[b'1', b'2', b'3']``). Splitting an empty sequence with a specified " "separator returns ``[b'']`` or ``[bytearray(b'')]`` depending on the type of " "object being split. The *sep* argument may be any :term:`bytes-like object`." msgstr "" "Si *sep* est donné, les délimiteurs consécutifs ne sont pas regroupés et " "ainsi délimitent ainsi des chaînes vides (par exemple, ``b'1,,2'." "split(b',')`` donne ``[b'1', b'', b'2']``). L'argument *sep* peut contenir " "plusieurs sous séquences (par exemple, ``b'1<>2<>3'.split(b'<>')`` renvoie " "``[b'1', b'2', b'3']``). Découper une chaîne vide en spécifiant *sep* donne " "``[b'']`` ou ``[bytearray(b'')]`` en fonction du type de l'objet découpé. " "L'argument *sep* peut être n'importe quel :term:`byte-like object`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2794 msgid "" "If *sep* is not specified or is ``None``, a different splitting algorithm is " "applied: runs of consecutive ASCII whitespace are regarded as a single " "separator, and the result will contain no empty strings at the start or end " "if the sequence has leading or trailing whitespace. Consequently, splitting " "an empty sequence or a sequence consisting solely of ASCII whitespace " "without a specified separator returns ``[]``." msgstr "" "Si *sep* n'est pas spécifié ou est ``None``, un autre algorithme de découpe " "est appliqué : les espaces ASCII consécutifs sont considérés comme un seul " "séparateur, et le résultat ne contiendra pas les chaînes vides de début ou " "de la fin si la chaîne est préfixée ou suffixé d'espaces. Par conséquent, " "diviser une séquence vide ou une séquence composée d'espaces ASCII avec un " "séparateur ``None`` renvoie ``[]``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2815 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence with specified leading and trailing bytes " "removed. The *chars* argument is a binary sequence specifying the set of " "byte values to be removed - the name refers to the fact this method is " "usually used with ASCII characters. If omitted or ``None``, the *chars* " "argument defaults to removing ASCII whitespace. The *chars* argument is not " "a prefix or suffix; rather, all combinations of its values are stripped::" msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence dont des caractères initiaux et finaux sont " "supprimés. L'argument *chars* est une séquence spécifiant le jeu d'octets à " "supprimer - le nom se réfère au fait de cette méthode est généralement " "utilisée avec des caractères ASCII. En cas d'omission ou ``None``, les " "espaces ASCII sont supprimés. L'argument *chars* n'est ni un préfixe ni un " "suffixe, toutes les combinaisons de ses valeurs sont supprimées : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2837 msgid "" "The following methods on bytes and bytearray objects assume the use of ASCII " "compatible binary formats and should not be applied to arbitrary binary " "data. Note that all of the bytearray methods in this section do *not* " "operate in place, and instead produce new objects." msgstr "" "Les méthodes suivantes sur les *bytes* et *bytearray* supposent " "l'utilisation d'un format binaire compatible ASCII, et donc doivent être " "évités lorsque vous travaillez avec des données binaires arbitraires. Notez " "que toutes les méthodes de *bytearray* de cette section *ne modifient pas* " "les octets, ils produisent de nouveaux objets." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2845 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence with each byte interpreted as an ASCII " "character, and the first byte capitalized and the rest lowercased. Non-ASCII " "byte values are passed through unchanged." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence dont chaque octet est interprété comme un " "caractère ASCII, le premier octet en capitale et le reste en minuscules. Les " "octets non-ASCII ne sont pas modifiés." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2858 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence where all ASCII tab characters are replaced by " "one or more ASCII spaces, depending on the current column and the given tab " "size. Tab positions occur every *tabsize* bytes (default is 8, giving tab " "positions at columns 0, 8, 16 and so on). To expand the sequence, the " "current column is set to zero and the sequence is examined byte by byte. If " "the byte is an ASCII tab character (``b'\\t'``), one or more space " "characters are inserted in the result until the current column is equal to " "the next tab position. (The tab character itself is not copied.) If the " "current byte is an ASCII newline (``b'\\n'``) or carriage return " "(``b'\\r'``), it is copied and the current column is reset to zero. Any " "other byte value is copied unchanged and the current column is incremented " "by one regardless of how the byte value is represented when printed::" msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence où toutes les tabulations ASCII sont " "remplacées par un ou plusieurs espaces ASCII, en fonction de la colonne " "courante et de la taille de tabulation donnée. Les positions des tabulations " "se trouvent tous les *tabsize* caractères (8 par défaut, ce qui donne les " "positions de tabulations aux colonnes 0, 8, 16 et ainsi de suite). Pour " "travailler sur la séquence, la colonne en cours est mise à zéro et la " "séquence est examinée octets par octets. Si l'octet est une tabulation ASCII " "(``b'\t'``), un ou plusieurs espaces sont insérés au résultat jusqu’à ce que " "la colonne courante soit égale à la position de tabulation suivante. (Le " "caractère tabulation lui-même n’est pas copié.) Si l'octet courant est un " "saut de ligne ASCII (``b'\n" "'``) ou un retour chariot (``b'\\r'``), il est copié et la colonne en cours " "est remise à zéro. Tout autre octet est copié inchangé et la colonne en " "cours est incrémentée de un indépendamment de la façon dont l'octet est " "représenté lors de l’affichage : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2886 msgid "" "Return true if all bytes in the sequence are alphabetical ASCII characters " "or ASCII decimal digits and the sequence is not empty, false otherwise. " "Alphabetic ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence " "``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``. ASCII decimal " "digits are those byte values in the sequence ``b'0123456789'``." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les caractères de la chaîne sont des caractères ASCII " "alphabetiques ou chiffres. et que la séquence n'est pas vide, sinon " "``False``. Les caractères ASCII alphabétiques sont les suivants " "``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'`` et les " "chiffres : ``b'0123456789'``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2903 msgid "" "Return true if all bytes in the sequence are alphabetic ASCII characters and " "the sequence is not empty, false otherwise. Alphabetic ASCII characters are " "those byte values in the sequence " "``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les octets dans la séquence sont des caractères " "alphabétiques ASCII et la que la séquence n'est pas vide, sinon ``False``. " "Les caractères ASCIIalphabétiques sont : " "``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2919 msgid "" "Return true if all bytes in the sequence are ASCII decimal digits and the " "sequence is not empty, false otherwise. ASCII decimal digits are those byte " "values in the sequence ``b'0123456789'``." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les octets de la séquence sont des chiffres ASCII et " "que la séquence n'est pas vide, sinon ``False``. Les chiffres ASCII sont " "``b'0123456789'``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2934 msgid "" "Return true if there is at least one lowercase ASCII character in the " "sequence and no uppercase ASCII characters, false otherwise." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` s'il y a au moins un caractère ASCII minuscule dans la " "séquence et aucune capitale, sinon ``False``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2944 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2986 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3002 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3052 #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3121 msgid "" "Lowercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence " "``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``. Uppercase ASCII characters are those byte " "values in the sequence ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``." msgstr "" "Lea caractères ASCII minuscules sont ``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``. Les " "capitales ASCII sont ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2952 msgid "" "Return true if all bytes in the sequence are ASCII whitespace and the " "sequence is not empty, false otherwise. ASCII whitespace characters are " "those byte values in the sequence ``b' \\t\\n\\r\\x0b\\f'`` (space, tab, " "newline, carriage return, vertical tab, form feed)." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si tous les octets de la séquence sont des espaces ASCII et " "que la séquence n'est pas vide, sinon ``False``. Les espèces ASCII sont ``b' " "\\t\\n\\r\\x0b\\f'`` (espace, tabulation,saut de ligne, retour chariot, " "tabulation verticale, *form feed*)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2961 msgid "" "Return true if the sequence is ASCII titlecase and the sequence is not " "empty, false otherwise. See :meth:`bytes.title` for more details on the " "definition of \"titlecase\"." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` si la séquence ASCII est *titlecased*, et qu'elle ne soit pas " "vide, sinon ``False``. Voir :meth:`bytes.title` pour plus de détails sur " "ladéfinition de *titlecase*." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2976 msgid "" "Return true if there is at least one uppercase alphabetic ASCII character in " "the sequence and no lowercase ASCII characters, false otherwise." msgstr "" "Donne ``True`` s'il y a au moins un caractère alphabétique majuscule ASCII " "dans la séquence et aucun caractères ASCII minuscules, sinon ``False``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:2994 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence with all the uppercase ASCII characters " "converted to their corresponding lowercase counterpart." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence dont tous les caractères ASCII en " "majuscules sont convertis en leur équivalent en minuscules." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3019 msgid "" "Return a list of the lines in the binary sequence, breaking at ASCII line " "boundaries. This method uses the :term:`universal newlines` approach to " "splitting lines. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless " "*keepends* is given and true." msgstr "" "Renvoie une liste des lignes de la séquence d'octets, découpant au niveau " "des fin de lignes ASCII. Cette méthode utilise l'approche :term:`universal " "newlines` pour découper les lignes. Les fins de ligne ne sont pas inclus " "dans la liste des résultats, sauf si *keepends* est donné et vrai." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3031 msgid "" "Unlike :meth:`~bytes.split` when a delimiter string *sep* is given, this " "method returns an empty list for the empty string, and a terminal line break " "does not result in an extra line::" msgstr "" "Contrairement à :meth:`~bytes.split` lorsque le délimiteur *sep* est fourni, " "cette méthode renvoie une liste vide pour la chaîne vide, et un saut de " "ligne à la fin ne se traduit pas par une ligne supplémentaire : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3044 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence with all the lowercase ASCII characters " "converted to their corresponding uppercase counterpart and vice-versa." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence dont tous les caractères ASCII minuscules " "sont convertis en majuscules et vice-versa." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3056 msgid "" "Unlike :func:`str.swapcase()`, it is always the case that ``bin.swapcase()." "swapcase() == bin`` for the binary versions. Case conversions are " "symmetrical in ASCII, even though that is not generally true for arbitrary " "Unicode code points." msgstr "" "Contrairement à :func:`str.swapcase()`, ``bin.swapcase().swapcase() == " "bin`` est toujours vrai. Les conversions majuscule/minuscule en ASCII étant " "toujours symétrique, ce qui n'est pas toujours vrai avec Unicode." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3070 msgid "" "Return a titlecased version of the binary sequence where words start with an " "uppercase ASCII character and the remaining characters are lowercase. " "Uncased byte values are left unmodified." msgstr "" "Renvoie une version *titlecased* de la séquence d'octets où les mots " "commencent par un caractère ASCII majuscule et les caractères restants sont " "en minuscules. Les octets non capitalisables ne sont pas modifiés." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3079 msgid "" "Lowercase ASCII characters are those byte values in the sequence " "``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``. Uppercase ASCII characters are those byte " "values in the sequence ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``. All other byte " "values are uncased." msgstr "" "Les caractères ASCII minuscules sont ``b'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'``. Les " "caractères ASCII majuscules sont ``b'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'``. Aucun " "autre octet n'est capitalisable." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3113 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence with all the lowercase ASCII characters " "converted to their corresponding uppercase counterpart." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence dont tous les caractères ASCII minuscules " "sont convertis en leur équivalent majuscule." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3134 msgid "" "Return a copy of the sequence left filled with ASCII ``b'0'`` digits to make " "a sequence of length *width*. A leading sign prefix (``b'+'``/ ``b'-'`` is " "handled by inserting the padding *after* the sign character rather than " "before. For :class:`bytes` objects, the original sequence is returned if " "*width* is less than or equal to ``len(seq)``." msgstr "" "Renvoie une copie de la séquence remplie par la gauche du chiffre ``b'0'`` " "pour en faire une séquence de longueur *width*. Un préfixe (``b'+'`` / " "``b'-'``) est permis par l'insertion du caractère de remplissage *après* le " "caractère de signe plutôt qu'avant. Pour les objets :class:`bytes` la " "séquence d'origine est renvoyée si *width* est inférieur ou égale à " "``len(seq)``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3156 msgid "``printf``-style Bytes Formatting" msgstr "Formatage de *bytes* a la ``printf``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3174 msgid "" "The formatting operations described here exhibit a variety of quirks that " "lead to a number of common errors (such as failing to display tuples and " "dictionaries correctly). If the value being printed may be a tuple or " "dictionary, wrap it in a tuple." msgstr "" "Les opérations de formatage décrites ici présentent une variété de " "bizarreries qui conduisent à un certain nombre d’erreurs classiques " "(typiquement, échouer à afficher des tuples ou des dictionnaires " "correctement). Si la valeur à afficher peut être un tuple ou un " "dictionnaire, mettez le a l'intérieur d'un autre tuple." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3179 msgid "" "Bytes objects (``bytes``/``bytearray``) have one unique built-in operation: " "the ``%`` operator (modulo). This is also known as the bytes *formatting* or " "*interpolation* operator. Given ``format % values`` (where *format* is a " "bytes object), ``%`` conversion specifications in *format* are replaced with " "zero or more elements of *values*. The effect is similar to using the :c:" "func:`sprintf` in the C language." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3186 msgid "" "If *format* requires a single argument, *values* may be a single non-tuple " "object. [5]_ Otherwise, *values* must be a tuple with exactly the number of " "items specified by the format bytes object, or a single mapping object (for " "example, a dictionary)." msgstr "" "Si *format* ne nécessite qu'un seul argument, *values* peut être un objet " "unique. [5]_ Si *values* est un tuple, il doit contenir exactement le nombre " "d'éléments spécifiés dans le format en *bytes*, ou un seul objet de " "correspondances ( *mapping object*, par exemple, un dictionnaire)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3215 msgid "" "When the right argument is a dictionary (or other mapping type), then the " "formats in the bytes object *must* include a parenthesised mapping key into " "that dictionary inserted immediately after the ``'%'`` character. The " "mapping key selects the value to be formatted from the mapping. For example:" msgstr "" "Lorsque l'argument de droite est un dictionnaire (ou un autre type de " "*mapping*), les marqueurs dans le *bytes* *doivent* inclure une clé présente " "dans le dictionnaire, écrite entre parenthèses, immédiatement après le " "caractère ``'%'``. La clé indique quelle valeur du dictionnaire doit être " "formatée. Par exemple :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3283 msgid "Single byte (accepts integer or single byte objects)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3286 msgid "``'b'``" msgstr "``'b'``" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3286 msgid "" "Bytes (any object that follows the :ref:`buffer protocol ` or " "has :meth:`__bytes__`)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3290 msgid "" "``'s'`` is an alias for ``'b'`` and should only be used for Python2/3 code " "bases." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3293 msgid "" "Bytes (converts any Python object using ``repr(obj)." "encode('ascii','backslashreplace)``)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3296 msgid "" "``'r'`` is an alias for ``'a'`` and should only be used for Python2/3 code " "bases." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3296 msgid "\\(7)" msgstr "\\(7)" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3331 msgid "``b'%s'`` is deprecated, but will not be removed during the 3.x series." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3334 msgid "``b'%r'`` is deprecated, but will not be removed during the 3.x series." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3344 msgid ":pep:`461`." msgstr ":pep:`461`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3350 msgid "Memory Views" msgstr "Memory Views" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3352 msgid "" ":class:`memoryview` objects allow Python code to access the internal data of " "an object that supports the :ref:`buffer protocol ` without " "copying." msgstr "" "Les :class:`memoryview` permettent a du code Python d'accéder sans copie aux " "données internes d'un objet pendant en charge le :ref:`buffer protocol " "`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3358 msgid "" "Create a :class:`memoryview` that references *obj*. *obj* must support the " "buffer protocol. Built-in objects that support the buffer protocol include :" "class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray`." msgstr "" "Crée une :class:`memoryview` faisant référence à *obj*. *obj* doit supporter " "le *buffer protocol*. Les objets natifs pendant en charge le *buffer " "protocol* sont :class:`bytes` et :class:`bytearray`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3362 msgid "" "A :class:`memoryview` has the notion of an *element*, which is the atomic " "memory unit handled by the originating object *obj*. For many simple types " "such as :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray`, an element is a single byte, " "but other types such as :class:`array.array` may have bigger elements." msgstr "" "Une :class:`memoryview` a la notion d'*element*, qui est l'unité de mémoire " "atomique géré par l'objet *obj* d'origine. Pour de nombreux types simples " "comme :class:`bytes` et :class:`bytearray`, l'élément est l'octet, mais pour " "d'autres types tels que :class:`array.array` les éléments peuvent être plus " "grands." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3368 msgid "" "``len(view)`` is equal to the length of :class:`~memoryview.tolist`. If " "``view.ndim = 0``, the length is 1. If ``view.ndim = 1``, the length is " "equal to the number of elements in the view. For higher dimensions, the " "length is equal to the length of the nested list representation of the view. " "The :class:`~memoryview.itemsize` attribute will give you the number of " "bytes in a single element." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3375 msgid "" "A :class:`memoryview` supports slicing and indexing to expose its data. One-" "dimensional slicing will result in a subview::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3388 msgid "" "If :class:`~memoryview.format` is one of the native format specifiers from " "the :mod:`struct` module, indexing with an integer or a tuple of integers is " "also supported and returns a single *element* with the correct type. One-" "dimensional memoryviews can be indexed with an integer or a one-integer " "tuple. Multi-dimensional memoryviews can be indexed with tuples of exactly " "*ndim* integers where *ndim* is the number of dimensions. Zero-dimensional " "memoryviews can be indexed with the empty tuple." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3397 msgid "Here is an example with a non-byte format::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3409 msgid "" "If the underlying object is writable, the memoryview supports one-" "dimensional slice assignment. Resizing is not allowed::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3430 msgid "" "One-dimensional memoryviews of hashable (read-only) types with formats 'B', " "'b' or 'c' are also hashable. The hash is defined as ``hash(m) == hash(m." "tobytes())``::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3442 msgid "" "One-dimensional memoryviews can now be sliced. One-dimensional memoryviews " "with formats 'B', 'b' or 'c' are now hashable." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3446 msgid "" "memoryview is now registered automatically with :class:`collections.abc." "Sequence`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3450 msgid "memoryviews can now be indexed with tuple of integers." msgstr "" "Les *memoryviews* peut maintenant être indexées par un tuple d'entiers." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3453 msgid ":class:`memoryview` has several methods:" msgstr "La :class:`memoryview` dispose de plusieurs méthodes :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3457 msgid "" "A memoryview and a :pep:`3118` exporter are equal if their shapes are " "equivalent and if all corresponding values are equal when the operands' " "respective format codes are interpreted using :mod:`struct` syntax." msgstr "" "Une *memoryview* et un *exporter* de la :pep:`3118` sont égaux si leurs " "formes sont équivalentes et si toutes les valeurs correspondantes sont " "égales, le format respectifs des opérandes étant interprétés en utilisant la " "syntaxe de :mod:`struct`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3461 msgid "" "For the subset of :mod:`struct` format strings currently supported by :meth:" "`tolist`, ``v`` and ``w`` are equal if ``v.tolist() == w.tolist()``::" msgstr "" "Pour le sous-ensemble des formats de :mod:`struct` supportés par :meth:" "`tolist`, ``v`` et ``w`` sont égaux si ``v.tolist() ==w.tolist()`` ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3480 msgid "" "If either format string is not supported by the :mod:`struct` module, then " "the objects will always compare as unequal (even if the format strings and " "buffer contents are identical)::" msgstr "" "Si l'un des format n'est pas supporté par le module de :mod:`struct`, les " "objets seront toujours considérés différents (même si les formats et les " "valeurs contenues sont identiques) : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3496 msgid "" "Note that, as with floating point numbers, ``v is w`` does *not* imply ``v " "== w`` for memoryview objects." msgstr "" "Notez que pour les *memoryview*, comme pour les nombres à virgule flottante, " "``v is w`` *n'implique pas* ``v == w``." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3499 msgid "" "Previous versions compared the raw memory disregarding the item format and " "the logical array structure." msgstr "" "Les versions précédentes comparaient la mémoire brute sans tenir compte du " "format de l'objet ni de sa structure logique." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3505 msgid "" "Return the data in the buffer as a bytestring. This is equivalent to " "calling the :class:`bytes` constructor on the memoryview. ::" msgstr "" "Renvoie les données du *buffer* sous forme de *bytes*. Cela équivaut à " "appeler le constructeur :class:`bytes` sur le memoryview. ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3514 msgid "" "For non-contiguous arrays the result is equal to the flattened list " "representation with all elements converted to bytes. :meth:`tobytes` " "supports all format strings, including those that are not in :mod:`struct` " "module syntax." msgstr "" "Pour les arrays non contigus le résultat est égal à la représentation en " "liste aplatie dont tous les éléments sont convertis en octets. :meth:" "`tobytes` supporte toutes les chaînes de format, y compris celles qui ne " "sont pas connues du module :mod:`struct`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3521 msgid "" "Return a string object containing two hexadecimal digits for each byte in " "the buffer. ::" msgstr "" "Renvoie une chaîne contenant deux chiffres hexadécimaux pour chaque octet du " "buffer. ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3532 msgid "Return the data in the buffer as a list of elements. ::" msgstr "" "Renvoie les données du buffer suus la forme d'une liste d'éléments. ::::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3542 msgid "" ":meth:`tolist` now supports all single character native formats in :mod:" "`struct` module syntax as well as multi-dimensional representations." msgstr "" ":meth:`tolist` prend désormais en charge tous les formats d'un caractère du " "module :mod:`struct` ainsi que des représentationsmultidimensionnelles." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3549 msgid "" "Release the underlying buffer exposed by the memoryview object. Many " "objects take special actions when a view is held on them (for example, a :" "class:`bytearray` would temporarily forbid resizing); therefore, calling " "release() is handy to remove these restrictions (and free any dangling " "resources) as soon as possible." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3555 msgid "" "After this method has been called, any further operation on the view raises " "a :class:`ValueError` (except :meth:`release()` itself which can be called " "multiple times)::" msgstr "" "Après le premier appel de cette méthode, toute nouvelle opération sur la " "*view* léve une :class:`ValueError` (sauf :meth:`release()` elle-même qui " "peut être appelée plusieurs fois) : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3566 msgid "" "The context management protocol can be used for a similar effect, using the " "``with`` statement::" msgstr "" "Le protocole de gestion de contexte peut être utilisé pour obtenir un effet " "similaire, via l'instruction ``with`` : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3582 msgid "" "Cast a memoryview to a new format or shape. *shape* defaults to " "``[byte_length//new_itemsize]``, which means that the result view will be " "one-dimensional. The return value is a new memoryview, but the buffer itself " "is not copied. Supported casts are 1D -> C-:term:`contiguous` and C-" "contiguous -> 1D." msgstr "" "Change le format ou la forme d'une *memoryview*. Par défaut *shape* vaut " "``[byte_length//new_itemsize]``, ce qui signifie que la vue résultante " "n'aura qu'une dimension. La valeur renvoyee est une nouvelle *memoryview*, " "mais buffer lui-même est pas copié. Les changements supportés sont 1D -> C-:" "term:`contiguous` et *C-contiguous* -> 1D." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3588 msgid "" "The destination format is restricted to a single element native format in :" "mod:`struct` syntax. One of the formats must be a byte format ('B', 'b' or " "'c'). The byte length of the result must be the same as the original length." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3593 msgid "Cast 1D/long to 1D/unsigned bytes::" msgstr "Transforme *1D/long* en *1D/unsigned bytes* : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3616 msgid "Cast 1D/unsigned bytes to 1D/char::" msgstr "Transforme *1D/unsigned bytes* en *1D/char* : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3629 msgid "Cast 1D/bytes to 3D/ints to 1D/signed char::" msgstr "Transforme *1D/bytes* en *3D/ints* en *1D/signed char* : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3655 msgid "Cast 1D/unsigned char to 2D/unsigned long::" msgstr "Transforme *1D/unsigned char* en *2D/unsigned long* : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3669 msgid "The source format is no longer restricted when casting to a byte view." msgstr "" "Le format de la source n'est plus restreint lors de la transformation vers " "une vue d'octets." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3672 msgid "There are also several readonly attributes available:" msgstr "Plusieurs attributs en lecture seule sont également disponibles :" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3676 msgid "The underlying object of the memoryview::" msgstr "L'objet sous-jacent de la *memoryview* : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3687 msgid "" "``nbytes == product(shape) * itemsize == len(m.tobytes())``. This is the " "amount of space in bytes that the array would use in a contiguous " "representation. It is not necessarily equal to len(m)::" msgstr "" "``nbytes == product(shape) * itemsize == len(m.tobytes())``. Ceci est " "l'espace que l'array utiliserait en octets, dans unereprésentation contiguë. " "Ce n'est pas nécessairement égale à ``len(m)`` : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3706 msgid "Multi-dimensional arrays::" msgstr "Tableaux multidimensionnels : ::" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3723 msgid "A bool indicating whether the memory is read only." msgstr "Un booléen indiquant si la mémoire est en lecture seule." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3727 msgid "" "A string containing the format (in :mod:`struct` module style) for each " "element in the view. A memoryview can be created from exporters with " "arbitrary format strings, but some methods (e.g. :meth:`tolist`) are " "restricted to native single element formats." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3732 msgid "" "format ``'B'`` is now handled according to the struct module syntax. This " "means that ``memoryview(b'abc')[0] == b'abc'[0] == 97``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3738 msgid "The size in bytes of each element of the memoryview::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3751 msgid "" "An integer indicating how many dimensions of a multi-dimensional array the " "memory represents." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3756 msgid "" "A tuple of integers the length of :attr:`ndim` giving the shape of the " "memory as an N-dimensional array." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3759 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3767 msgid "An empty tuple instead of ``None`` when ndim = 0." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3764 msgid "" "A tuple of integers the length of :attr:`ndim` giving the size in bytes to " "access each element for each dimension of the array." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3772 msgid "Used internally for PIL-style arrays. The value is informational only." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3776 msgid "A bool indicating whether the memory is C-:term:`contiguous`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3782 msgid "A bool indicating whether the memory is Fortran :term:`contiguous`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3788 msgid "A bool indicating whether the memory is :term:`contiguous`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3796 msgid "Set Types --- :class:`set`, :class:`frozenset`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3800 msgid "" "A :dfn:`set` object is an unordered collection of distinct :term:`hashable` " "objects. Common uses include membership testing, removing duplicates from a " "sequence, and computing mathematical operations such as intersection, union, " "difference, and symmetric difference. (For other containers see the built-" "in :class:`dict`, :class:`list`, and :class:`tuple` classes, and the :mod:" "`collections` module.)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3807 msgid "" "Like other collections, sets support ``x in set``, ``len(set)``, and ``for x " "in set``. Being an unordered collection, sets do not record element " "position or order of insertion. Accordingly, sets do not support indexing, " "slicing, or other sequence-like behavior." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3812 msgid "" "There are currently two built-in set types, :class:`set` and :class:" "`frozenset`. The :class:`set` type is mutable --- the contents can be " "changed using methods like :meth:`~set.add` and :meth:`~set.remove`. Since " "it is mutable, it has no hash value and cannot be used as either a " "dictionary key or as an element of another set. The :class:`frozenset` type " "is immutable and :term:`hashable` --- its contents cannot be altered after " "it is created; it can therefore be used as a dictionary key or as an element " "of another set." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3820 msgid "" "Non-empty sets (not frozensets) can be created by placing a comma-separated " "list of elements within braces, for example: ``{'jack', 'sjoerd'}``, in " "addition to the :class:`set` constructor." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3824 msgid "The constructors for both classes work the same:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3829 msgid "" "Return a new set or frozenset object whose elements are taken from " "*iterable*. The elements of a set must be :term:`hashable`. To represent " "sets of sets, the inner sets must be :class:`frozenset` objects. If " "*iterable* is not specified, a new empty set is returned." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3835 msgid "" "Instances of :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` provide the following " "operations:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3840 msgid "Return the number of elements in set *s* (cardinality of *s*)." msgstr "Donne le nombre d'éléments dans le *set* *s* (cardinalité de *s*)." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3844 msgid "Test *x* for membership in *s*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3848 msgid "Test *x* for non-membership in *s*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3852 msgid "" "Return ``True`` if the set has no elements in common with *other*. Sets are " "disjoint if and only if their intersection is the empty set." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3858 msgid "Test whether every element in the set is in *other*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3862 msgid "" "Test whether the set is a proper subset of *other*, that is, ``set <= other " "and set != other``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3868 msgid "Test whether every element in *other* is in the set." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3872 msgid "" "Test whether the set is a proper superset of *other*, that is, ``set >= " "other and set != other``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3878 msgid "Return a new set with elements from the set and all others." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3883 msgid "Return a new set with elements common to the set and all others." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3888 msgid "Return a new set with elements in the set that are not in the others." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3893 msgid "" "Return a new set with elements in either the set or *other* but not both." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3897 msgid "Return a new set with a shallow copy of *s*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3900 msgid "" "Note, the non-operator versions of :meth:`union`, :meth:`intersection`, :" "meth:`difference`, and :meth:`symmetric_difference`, :meth:`issubset`, and :" "meth:`issuperset` methods will accept any iterable as an argument. In " "contrast, their operator based counterparts require their arguments to be " "sets. This precludes error-prone constructions like ``set('abc') & 'cbs'`` " "in favor of the more readable ``set('abc').intersection('cbs')``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3907 msgid "" "Both :class:`set` and :class:`frozenset` support set to set comparisons. Two " "sets are equal if and only if every element of each set is contained in the " "other (each is a subset of the other). A set is less than another set if and " "only if the first set is a proper subset of the second set (is a subset, but " "is not equal). A set is greater than another set if and only if the first " "set is a proper superset of the second set (is a superset, but is not equal)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3914 msgid "" "Instances of :class:`set` are compared to instances of :class:`frozenset` " "based on their members. For example, ``set('abc') == frozenset('abc')`` " "returns ``True`` and so does ``set('abc') in set([frozenset('abc')])``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3918 msgid "" "The subset and equality comparisons do not generalize to a total ordering " "function. For example, any two nonempty disjoint sets are not equal and are " "not subsets of each other, so *all* of the following return ``False``: " "``ab``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3923 msgid "" "Since sets only define partial ordering (subset relationships), the output " "of the :meth:`list.sort` method is undefined for lists of sets." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3926 msgid "Set elements, like dictionary keys, must be :term:`hashable`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3928 msgid "" "Binary operations that mix :class:`set` instances with :class:`frozenset` " "return the type of the first operand. For example: ``frozenset('ab') | " "set('bc')`` returns an instance of :class:`frozenset`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3932 msgid "" "The following table lists operations available for :class:`set` that do not " "apply to immutable instances of :class:`frozenset`:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3938 msgid "Update the set, adding elements from all others." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3943 msgid "Update the set, keeping only elements found in it and all others." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3948 msgid "Update the set, removing elements found in others." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3953 msgid "" "Update the set, keeping only elements found in either set, but not in both." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3957 msgid "Add element *elem* to the set." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3961 msgid "" "Remove element *elem* from the set. Raises :exc:`KeyError` if *elem* is not " "contained in the set." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3966 msgid "Remove element *elem* from the set if it is present." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3970 msgid "" "Remove and return an arbitrary element from the set. Raises :exc:`KeyError` " "if the set is empty." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3975 msgid "Remove all elements from the set." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3978 msgid "" "Note, the non-operator versions of the :meth:`update`, :meth:" "`intersection_update`, :meth:`difference_update`, and :meth:" "`symmetric_difference_update` methods will accept any iterable as an " "argument." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3983 msgid "" "Note, the *elem* argument to the :meth:`__contains__`, :meth:`remove`, and :" "meth:`discard` methods may be a set. To support searching for an equivalent " "frozenset, the *elem* set is temporarily mutated during the search and then " "restored. During the search, the *elem* set should not be read or mutated " "since it does not have a meaningful value." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:3993 msgid "Mapping Types --- :class:`dict`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4003 msgid "" "A :term:`mapping` object maps :term:`hashable` values to arbitrary objects. " "Mappings are mutable objects. There is currently only one standard mapping " "type, the :dfn:`dictionary`. (For other containers see the built-in :class:" "`list`, :class:`set`, and :class:`tuple` classes, and the :mod:`collections` " "module.)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4009 msgid "" "A dictionary's keys are *almost* arbitrary values. Values that are not :" "term:`hashable`, that is, values containing lists, dictionaries or other " "mutable types (that are compared by value rather than by object identity) " "may not be used as keys. Numeric types used for keys obey the normal rules " "for numeric comparison: if two numbers compare equal (such as ``1`` and " "``1.0``) then they can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary " "entry. (Note however, that since computers store floating-point numbers as " "approximations it is usually unwise to use them as dictionary keys.)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4018 msgid "" "Dictionaries can be created by placing a comma-separated list of ``key: " "value`` pairs within braces, for example: ``{'jack': 4098, 'sjoerd': 4127}`` " "or ``{4098: 'jack', 4127: 'sjoerd'}``, or by the :class:`dict` constructor." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4026 msgid "" "Return a new dictionary initialized from an optional positional argument and " "a possibly empty set of keyword arguments." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4029 msgid "" "If no positional argument is given, an empty dictionary is created. If a " "positional argument is given and it is a mapping object, a dictionary is " "created with the same key-value pairs as the mapping object. Otherwise, the " "positional argument must be an :term:`iterable` object. Each item in the " "iterable must itself be an iterable with exactly two objects. The first " "object of each item becomes a key in the new dictionary, and the second " "object the corresponding value. If a key occurs more than once, the last " "value for that key becomes the corresponding value in the new dictionary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4039 msgid "" "If keyword arguments are given, the keyword arguments and their values are " "added to the dictionary created from the positional argument. If a key " "being added is already present, the value from the keyword argument replaces " "the value from the positional argument." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4044 msgid "" "To illustrate, the following examples all return a dictionary equal to " "``{\"one\": 1, \"two\": 2, \"three\": 3}``::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4055 msgid "" "Providing keyword arguments as in the first example only works for keys that " "are valid Python identifiers. Otherwise, any valid keys can be used." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4059 msgid "" "These are the operations that dictionaries support (and therefore, custom " "mapping types should support too):" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4064 msgid "Return the number of items in the dictionary *d*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4068 msgid "" "Return the item of *d* with key *key*. Raises a :exc:`KeyError` if *key* is " "not in the map." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4073 msgid "" "If a subclass of dict defines a method :meth:`__missing__` and *key* is not " "present, the ``d[key]`` operation calls that method with the key *key* as " "argument. The ``d[key]`` operation then returns or raises whatever is " "returned or raised by the ``__missing__(key)`` call. No other operations or " "methods invoke :meth:`__missing__`. If :meth:`__missing__` is not defined, :" "exc:`KeyError` is raised. :meth:`__missing__` must be a method; it cannot be " "an instance variable::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4091 msgid "" "The example above shows part of the implementation of :class:`collections." "Counter`. A different ``__missing__`` method is used by :class:`collections." "defaultdict`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4097 msgid "Set ``d[key]`` to *value*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4101 msgid "" "Remove ``d[key]`` from *d*. Raises a :exc:`KeyError` if *key* is not in the " "map." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4106 msgid "Return ``True`` if *d* has a key *key*, else ``False``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4110 msgid "Equivalent to ``not key in d``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4114 msgid "" "Return an iterator over the keys of the dictionary. This is a shortcut for " "``iter(d.keys())``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4119 msgid "Remove all items from the dictionary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4123 msgid "Return a shallow copy of the dictionary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4127 msgid "Create a new dictionary with keys from *seq* and values set to *value*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4129 msgid "" ":meth:`fromkeys` is a class method that returns a new dictionary. *value* " "defaults to ``None``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4134 msgid "" "Return the value for *key* if *key* is in the dictionary, else *default*. If " "*default* is not given, it defaults to ``None``, so that this method never " "raises a :exc:`KeyError`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4140 msgid "" "Return a new view of the dictionary's items (``(key, value)`` pairs). See " "the :ref:`documentation of view objects `." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4145 msgid "" "Return a new view of the dictionary's keys. See the :ref:`documentation of " "view objects `." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4150 msgid "" "If *key* is in the dictionary, remove it and return its value, else return " "*default*. If *default* is not given and *key* is not in the dictionary, a :" "exc:`KeyError` is raised." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4156 msgid "" "Remove and return an arbitrary ``(key, value)`` pair from the dictionary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4158 msgid "" ":meth:`popitem` is useful to destructively iterate over a dictionary, as " "often used in set algorithms. If the dictionary is empty, calling :meth:" "`popitem` raises a :exc:`KeyError`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4164 msgid "" "If *key* is in the dictionary, return its value. If not, insert *key* with " "a value of *default* and return *default*. *default* defaults to ``None``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4170 msgid "" "Update the dictionary with the key/value pairs from *other*, overwriting " "existing keys. Return ``None``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4173 msgid "" ":meth:`update` accepts either another dictionary object or an iterable of " "key/value pairs (as tuples or other iterables of length two). If keyword " "arguments are specified, the dictionary is then updated with those key/value " "pairs: ``d.update(red=1, blue=2)``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4180 msgid "" "Return a new view of the dictionary's values. See the :ref:`documentation " "of view objects `." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4183 msgid "" "Dictionaries compare equal if and only if they have the same ``(key, " "value)`` pairs. Order comparisons ('<', '<=', '>=', '>') raise :exc:" "`TypeError`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4188 msgid "" ":class:`types.MappingProxyType` can be used to create a read-only view of a :" "class:`dict`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4195 msgid "Dictionary view objects" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4197 msgid "" "The objects returned by :meth:`dict.keys`, :meth:`dict.values` and :meth:" "`dict.items` are *view objects*. They provide a dynamic view on the " "dictionary's entries, which means that when the dictionary changes, the view " "reflects these changes." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4202 msgid "" "Dictionary views can be iterated over to yield their respective data, and " "support membership tests:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4207 msgid "Return the number of entries in the dictionary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4211 msgid "" "Return an iterator over the keys, values or items (represented as tuples of " "``(key, value)``) in the dictionary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4214 msgid "" "Keys and values are iterated over in an arbitrary order which is non-random, " "varies across Python implementations, and depends on the dictionary's " "history of insertions and deletions. If keys, values and items views are " "iterated over with no intervening modifications to the dictionary, the order " "of items will directly correspond. This allows the creation of ``(value, " "key)`` pairs using :func:`zip`: ``pairs = zip(d.values(), d.keys())``. " "Another way to create the same list is ``pairs = [(v, k) for (k, v) in d." "items()]``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4222 msgid "" "Iterating views while adding or deleting entries in the dictionary may raise " "a :exc:`RuntimeError` or fail to iterate over all entries." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4227 msgid "" "Return ``True`` if *x* is in the underlying dictionary's keys, values or " "items (in the latter case, *x* should be a ``(key, value)`` tuple)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4231 msgid "" "Keys views are set-like since their entries are unique and hashable. If all " "values are hashable, so that ``(key, value)`` pairs are unique and hashable, " "then the items view is also set-like. (Values views are not treated as set-" "like since the entries are generally not unique.) For set-like views, all " "of the operations defined for the abstract base class :class:`collections." "abc.Set` are available (for example, ``==``, ``<``, or ``^``)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4238 msgid "An example of dictionary view usage::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4273 msgid "Context Manager Types" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4280 msgid "" "Python's :keyword:`with` statement supports the concept of a runtime context " "defined by a context manager. This is implemented using a pair of methods " "that allow user-defined classes to define a runtime context that is entered " "before the statement body is executed and exited when the statement ends:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4288 msgid "" "Enter the runtime context and return either this object or another object " "related to the runtime context. The value returned by this method is bound " "to the identifier in the :keyword:`as` clause of :keyword:`with` statements " "using this context manager." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4293 msgid "" "An example of a context manager that returns itself is a :term:`file " "object`. File objects return themselves from __enter__() to allow :func:" "`open` to be used as the context expression in a :keyword:`with` statement." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4297 msgid "" "An example of a context manager that returns a related object is the one " "returned by :func:`decimal.localcontext`. These managers set the active " "decimal context to a copy of the original decimal context and then return " "the copy. This allows changes to be made to the current decimal context in " "the body of the :keyword:`with` statement without affecting code outside " "the :keyword:`with` statement." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4307 msgid "" "Exit the runtime context and return a Boolean flag indicating if any " "exception that occurred should be suppressed. If an exception occurred while " "executing the body of the :keyword:`with` statement, the arguments contain " "the exception type, value and traceback information. Otherwise, all three " "arguments are ``None``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4312 msgid "" "Returning a true value from this method will cause the :keyword:`with` " "statement to suppress the exception and continue execution with the " "statement immediately following the :keyword:`with` statement. Otherwise the " "exception continues propagating after this method has finished executing. " "Exceptions that occur during execution of this method will replace any " "exception that occurred in the body of the :keyword:`with` statement." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4319 msgid "" "The exception passed in should never be reraised explicitly - instead, this " "method should return a false value to indicate that the method completed " "successfully and does not want to suppress the raised exception. This allows " "context management code to easily detect whether or not an :meth:`__exit__` " "method has actually failed." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4325 msgid "" "Python defines several context managers to support easy thread " "synchronisation, prompt closure of files or other objects, and simpler " "manipulation of the active decimal arithmetic context. The specific types " "are not treated specially beyond their implementation of the context " "management protocol. See the :mod:`contextlib` module for some examples." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4331 msgid "" "Python's :term:`generator`\\s and the :class:`contextlib.contextmanager` " "decorator provide a convenient way to implement these protocols. If a " "generator function is decorated with the :class:`contextlib.contextmanager` " "decorator, it will return a context manager implementing the necessary :meth:" "`__enter__` and :meth:`__exit__` methods, rather than the iterator produced " "by an undecorated generator function." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4338 msgid "" "Note that there is no specific slot for any of these methods in the type " "structure for Python objects in the Python/C API. Extension types wanting to " "define these methods must provide them as a normal Python accessible method. " "Compared to the overhead of setting up the runtime context, the overhead of " "a single class dictionary lookup is negligible." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4348 msgid "Other Built-in Types" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4350 msgid "" "The interpreter supports several other kinds of objects. Most of these " "support only one or two operations." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4357 msgid "Modules" msgstr "Modules" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4359 msgid "" "The only special operation on a module is attribute access: ``m.name``, " "where *m* is a module and *name* accesses a name defined in *m*'s symbol " "table. Module attributes can be assigned to. (Note that the :keyword:" "`import` statement is not, strictly speaking, an operation on a module " "object; ``import foo`` does not require a module object named *foo* to " "exist, rather it requires an (external) *definition* for a module named " "*foo* somewhere.)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4366 msgid "" "A special attribute of every module is :attr:`~object.__dict__`. This is the " "dictionary containing the module's symbol table. Modifying this dictionary " "will actually change the module's symbol table, but direct assignment to " "the :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute is not possible (you can write ``m." "__dict__['a'] = 1``, which defines ``m.a`` to be ``1``, but you can't write " "``m.__dict__ = {}``). Modifying :attr:`~object.__dict__` directly is not " "recommended." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4374 msgid "" "Modules built into the interpreter are written like this: ````. If loaded from a file, they are written as ````." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4382 msgid "Classes and Class Instances" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4384 msgid "See :ref:`objects` and :ref:`class` for these." msgstr "Voir :ref:`objects` et :ref:`class`." #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4390 msgid "Functions" msgstr "Fonctions" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4392 msgid "" "Function objects are created by function definitions. The only operation on " "a function object is to call it: ``func(argument-list)``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4395 msgid "" "There are really two flavors of function objects: built-in functions and " "user-defined functions. Both support the same operation (to call the " "function), but the implementation is different, hence the different object " "types." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4399 msgid "See :ref:`function` for more information." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4405 msgid "Methods" msgstr "Méthodes" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4409 msgid "" "Methods are functions that are called using the attribute notation. There " "are two flavors: built-in methods (such as :meth:`append` on lists) and " "class instance methods. Built-in methods are described with the types that " "support them." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4414 msgid "" "If you access a method (a function defined in a class namespace) through an " "instance, you get a special object: a :dfn:`bound method` (also called :dfn:" "`instance method`) object. When called, it will add the ``self`` argument to " "the argument list. Bound methods have two special read-only attributes: ``m." "__self__`` is the object on which the method operates, and ``m.__func__`` is " "the function implementing the method. Calling ``m(arg-1, arg-2, ..., arg-" "n)`` is completely equivalent to calling ``m.__func__(m.__self__, arg-1, " "arg-2, ..., arg-n)``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4423 msgid "" "Like function objects, bound method objects support getting arbitrary " "attributes. However, since method attributes are actually stored on the " "underlying function object (``meth.__func__``), setting method attributes on " "bound methods is disallowed. Attempting to set an attribute on a method " "results in an :exc:`AttributeError` being raised. In order to set a method " "attribute, you need to explicitly set it on the underlying function object::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4443 ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4471 msgid "See :ref:`types` for more information." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4451 msgid "Code Objects" msgstr "Objets Code" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4457 msgid "" "Code objects are used by the implementation to represent \"pseudo-compiled\" " "executable Python code such as a function body. They differ from function " "objects because they don't contain a reference to their global execution " "environment. Code objects are returned by the built-in :func:`compile` " "function and can be extracted from function objects through their :attr:" "`__code__` attribute. See also the :mod:`code` module." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4468 msgid "" "A code object can be executed or evaluated by passing it (instead of a " "source string) to the :func:`exec` or :func:`eval` built-in functions." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4477 msgid "Type Objects" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4483 msgid "" "Type objects represent the various object types. An object's type is " "accessed by the built-in function :func:`type`. There are no special " "operations on types. The standard module :mod:`types` defines names for all " "standard built-in types." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4488 msgid "Types are written like this: ````." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4494 msgid "The Null Object" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4496 msgid "" "This object is returned by functions that don't explicitly return a value. " "It supports no special operations. There is exactly one null object, named " "``None`` (a built-in name). ``type(None)()`` produces the same singleton." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4500 msgid "It is written as ``None``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4506 msgid "The Ellipsis Object" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4508 msgid "" "This object is commonly used by slicing (see :ref:`slicings`). It supports " "no special operations. There is exactly one ellipsis object, named :const:" "`Ellipsis` (a built-in name). ``type(Ellipsis)()`` produces the :const:" "`Ellipsis` singleton." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4513 msgid "It is written as ``Ellipsis`` or ``...``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4519 msgid "The NotImplemented Object" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4521 msgid "" "This object is returned from comparisons and binary operations when they are " "asked to operate on types they don't support. See :ref:`comparisons` for " "more information. There is exactly one ``NotImplemented`` object. " "``type(NotImplemented)()`` produces the singleton instance." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4526 msgid "It is written as ``NotImplemented``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4532 msgid "Boolean Values" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4534 msgid "" "Boolean values are the two constant objects ``False`` and ``True``. They " "are used to represent truth values (although other values can also be " "considered false or true). In numeric contexts (for example when used as " "the argument to an arithmetic operator), they behave like the integers 0 and " "1, respectively. The built-in function :func:`bool` can be used to convert " "any value to a Boolean, if the value can be interpreted as a truth value " "(see section :ref:`truth` above)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4547 msgid "They are written as ``False`` and ``True``, respectively." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4553 msgid "Internal Objects" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4555 msgid "" "See :ref:`types` for this information. It describes stack frame objects, " "traceback objects, and slice objects." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4562 msgid "Special Attributes" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4564 msgid "" "The implementation adds a few special read-only attributes to several object " "types, where they are relevant. Some of these are not reported by the :func:" "`dir` built-in function." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4571 msgid "" "A dictionary or other mapping object used to store an object's (writable) " "attributes." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4577 msgid "The class to which a class instance belongs." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4582 msgid "The tuple of base classes of a class object." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4587 msgid "" "The name of the class, function, method, descriptor, or generator instance." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4593 msgid "" "The :term:`qualified name` of the class, function, method, descriptor, or " "generator instance." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4601 msgid "" "This attribute is a tuple of classes that are considered when looking for " "base classes during method resolution." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4607 msgid "" "This method can be overridden by a metaclass to customize the method " "resolution order for its instances. It is called at class instantiation, " "and its result is stored in :attr:`~class.__mro__`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4614 msgid "" "Each class keeps a list of weak references to its immediate subclasses. " "This method returns a list of all those references still alive. Example::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4623 msgid "Footnotes" msgstr "Notes" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4624 msgid "" "Additional information on these special methods may be found in the Python " "Reference Manual (:ref:`customization`)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4627 msgid "" "As a consequence, the list ``[1, 2]`` is considered equal to ``[1.0, 2.0]``, " "and similarly for tuples." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4630 msgid "They must have since the parser can't tell the type of the operands." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4632 msgid "" "Cased characters are those with general category property being one of \"Lu" "\" (Letter, uppercase), \"Ll\" (Letter, lowercase), or \"Lt\" (Letter, " "titlecase)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/stdtypes.rst:4635 msgid "" "To format only a tuple you should therefore provide a singleton tuple whose " "only element is the tuple to be formatted." msgstr "" #~ msgid "" #~ "The alternate form causes a leading zero (``'0'``) to be inserted between " #~ "left-hand padding and the formatting of the number if the leading " #~ "character of the result is not already a zero." #~ msgstr "" #~ "La forme alternative insère un zéro (``'0'``) entre le rembourrage gauche " #~ "et le formatage du nombre si son premier caractère n'est pas déjà un zéro."