python-docs-fr/library/ssl.po

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msgid ""
msgstr ""
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"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
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#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2
msgid ":mod:`ssl` --- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects"
msgstr ":mod:`ssl` — Emballage TLS/SSL pour les objets connecteurs"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:10
msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ssl.py`"
msgstr "**Code source :** :source:`Lib/ssl.py`"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:18
msgid ""
"This module provides access to Transport Layer Security (often known as "
"\"Secure Sockets Layer\") encryption and peer authentication facilities for "
"network sockets, both client-side and server-side.  This module uses the "
"OpenSSL library. It is available on all modern Unix systems, Windows, Mac OS "
"X, and probably additional platforms, as long as OpenSSL is installed on "
"that platform."
msgstr ""
"Ce module fournit un accès aux fonctions de chiffrement et "
"d'authentification entre pairs : « *Transport Layer Security* » (souvent "
"appelé « *Secure Sockets Layer* ») pour les connecteurs réseau, côté client "
"et côté serveur. Ce module utilise la bibliothèque OpenSSL. Il est "
"disponible sur tous les systèmes Unix modernes, Windows, Mac OS X et "
"probablement sur d'autres plates-formes, à condition qu'OpenSSL soit "
"installé sur cette plate-forme."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:26
msgid ""
"Some behavior may be platform dependent, since calls are made to the "
"operating system socket APIs.  The installed version of OpenSSL may also "
"cause variations in behavior. For example, TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 come with "
"openssl version 1.0.1."
msgstr ""
"Certains comportements peuvent dépendre de la plate-forme, car des appels "
"sont passés aux API de connexions du système d'exploitation. La version "
"installée de OpenSSL peut également entraîner des variations de "
"comportement. Par exemple, TLSv1.1 et TLSv1.2 sont livrés avec la version "
"1.0.1 de OpenSSL."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:32
msgid ""
"Don't use this module without reading the :ref:`ssl-security`.  Doing so may "
"lead to a false sense of security, as the default settings of the ssl module "
"are not necessarily appropriate for your application."
msgstr ""
"N’utilisez pas ce module sans lire :ref:`ssl-security`. Cela pourrait créer "
"un faux sentiment de sécurité, car les paramètres par défaut du module *ssl* "
"ne sont pas nécessairement appropriés pour votre application."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:37
msgid ""
"This section documents the objects and functions in the ``ssl`` module; for "
"more general information about TLS, SSL, and certificates, the reader is "
"referred to the documents in the \"See Also\" section at the bottom."
msgstr ""
"Cette section documente les objets et les fonctions du module ``ssl``. Pour "
"des informations plus générales sur TLS, SSL et les certificats, le lecteur "
"est prié de se référer aux documents de la section « Voir Aussi » au bas de "
"cette page."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:41
msgid ""
"This module provides a class, :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`, which is derived from "
"the :class:`socket.socket` type, and provides a socket-like wrapper that "
"also encrypts and decrypts the data going over the socket with SSL.  It "
"supports additional methods such as :meth:`getpeercert`, which retrieves the "
"certificate of the other side of the connection, and :meth:`cipher`,which "
"retrieves the cipher being used for the secure connection."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:48
msgid ""
"For more sophisticated applications, the :class:`ssl.SSLContext` class helps "
"manage settings and certificates, which can then be inherited by SSL sockets "
"created through the :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` method."
msgstr ""
"Pour les applications plus sophistiquées, la classe :class:`ssl.SSLContext` "
"facilite la gestion des paramètres et des certificats, qui peuvent ensuite "
"être hérités par les connecteurs SSL créés via la méthode :meth:`SSLContext."
"wrap_socket`."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:54
msgid "Functions, Constants, and Exceptions"
msgstr "Fonctions, constantes et exceptions"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:58
msgid ""
"Raised to signal an error from the underlying SSL implementation (currently "
"provided by the OpenSSL library).  This signifies some problem in the higher-"
"level encryption and authentication layer that's superimposed on the "
"underlying network connection.  This error is a subtype of :exc:`OSError`.  "
"The error code and message of :exc:`SSLError` instances are provided by the "
"OpenSSL library."
msgstr ""
"Levée pour signaler une erreur de l'implémentation SSL sous-jacente "
"(actuellement fournie par la bibliothèque OpenSSL). Cela signifie qu'un "
"problème est apparu dans la couche d'authentification et de chiffrement de "
"niveau supérieur qui s'appuie sur la connexion réseau sous-jacente. Cette "
"erreur est un sous-type de :exc:`OSError`. Le code d'erreur et le message "
"des instances de :exc:`SSLError` sont fournis par la bibliothèque OpenSSL."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:65
msgid ":exc:`SSLError` used to be a subtype of :exc:`socket.error`."
msgstr ":exc:`SSLError` était un sous-type de :exc:`socket.error`."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:70
msgid ""
"A string mnemonic designating the OpenSSL submodule in which the error "
"occurred, such as ``SSL``, ``PEM`` or ``X509``.  The range of possible "
"values depends on the OpenSSL version."
msgstr ""
"Une chaîne de caractères mnémonique désignant le sous-module OpenSSL dans "
"lequel l'erreur s'est produite, telle que ``SSL``, ``PEM`` ou ``X509``. "
"L'étendue des valeurs possibles dépend de la version d'OpenSSL."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:78
msgid ""
"A string mnemonic designating the reason this error occurred, for example "
"``CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED``.  The range of possible values depends on the "
"OpenSSL version."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:86
msgid ""
"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when trying to read or write and the "
"SSL connection has been closed cleanly.  Note that this doesn't mean that "
"the underlying transport (read TCP) has been closed."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:94
msgid ""
"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised by a :ref:`non-blocking SSL socket <ssl-"
"nonblocking>` when trying to read or write data, but more data needs to be "
"received on the underlying TCP transport before the request can be fulfilled."
msgstr ""
"Sous-classe de :exc:`SSLError` levée par un connecteur :ref:`SSL non "
"bloquant <ssl-nonblocking>` lors d'une tentative de lecture ou d'écriture de "
"données, alors que davantage de données doivent être reçues sur la couche "
"TCP sous-jacente avant que la demande puisse être satisfaite."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:103
msgid ""
"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised by a :ref:`non-blocking SSL socket <ssl-"
"nonblocking>` when trying to read or write data, but more data needs to be "
"sent on the underlying TCP transport before the request can be fulfilled."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:112
msgid ""
"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when a system error was encountered "
"while trying to fulfill an operation on a SSL socket.  Unfortunately, there "
"is no easy way to inspect the original errno number."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:120
msgid ""
"A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when the SSL connection has been "
"terminated abruptly.  Generally, you shouldn't try to reuse the underlying "
"transport when this error is encountered."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:128
msgid ""
"Raised to signal an error with a certificate (such as mismatching "
"hostname).  Certificate errors detected by OpenSSL, though, raise an :exc:"
"`SSLError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:134
msgid "Socket creation"
msgstr "Création de connecteurs"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:136
msgid ""
"The following function allows for standalone socket creation.  Starting from "
"Python 3.2, it can be more flexible to use :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` "
"instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:142
msgid ""
"Takes an instance ``sock`` of :class:`socket.socket`, and returns an "
"instance of :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`, a subtype of :class:`socket.socket`, "
"which wraps the underlying socket in an SSL context.  ``sock`` must be a :"
"data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` socket; other socket types are unsupported."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:147
msgid ""
"For client-side sockets, the context construction is lazy; if the underlying "
"socket isn't connected yet, the context construction will be performed "
"after :meth:`connect` is called on the socket.  For server-side sockets, if "
"the socket has no remote peer, it is assumed to be a listening socket, and "
"the server-side SSL wrapping is automatically performed on client "
"connections accepted via the :meth:`accept` method.  :func:`wrap_socket` may "
"raise :exc:`SSLError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:155
msgid ""
"The ``keyfile`` and ``certfile`` parameters specify optional files which "
"contain a certificate to be used to identify the local side of the "
"connection.  See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-certificates` for more "
"information on how the certificate is stored in the ``certfile``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:160
msgid ""
"The parameter ``server_side`` is a boolean which identifies whether server-"
"side or client-side behavior is desired from this socket."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:163
msgid ""
"The parameter ``cert_reqs`` specifies whether a certificate is required from "
"the other side of the connection, and whether it will be validated if "
"provided.  It must be one of the three values :const:`CERT_NONE` "
"(certificates ignored), :const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` (not required, but validated "
"if provided), or :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` (required and validated).  If the "
"value of this parameter is not :const:`CERT_NONE`, then the ``ca_certs`` "
"parameter must point to a file of CA certificates."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:171
msgid ""
"The ``ca_certs`` file contains a set of concatenated \"certification "
"authority\" certificates, which are used to validate certificates passed "
"from the other end of the connection.  See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-"
"certificates` for more information about how to arrange the certificates in "
"this file."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:177
msgid ""
"The parameter ``ssl_version`` specifies which version of the SSL protocol to "
"use.  Typically, the server chooses a particular protocol version, and the "
"client must adapt to the server's choice.  Most of the versions are not "
"interoperable with the other versions.  If not specified, the default is :"
"data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`; it provides the most compatibility with other versions."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:184
msgid ""
"Here's a table showing which versions in a client (down the side) can "
"connect to which versions in a server (along the top):"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:190
msgid "*client* / **server**"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:190
msgid "**SSLv2**"
msgstr "**SSLv2**"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:190
msgid "**SSLv3**"
msgstr "**SSLv3**"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:190
msgid "**TLS**"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:190
msgid "**TLSv1**"
msgstr "**TLSv1**"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:190
msgid "**TLSv1.1**"
msgstr "**TLSv1.1**"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:190
msgid "**TLSv1.2**"
msgstr "**TLSv1.2**"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:192
msgid "*SSLv2*"
msgstr "*SSLv2*"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:192 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:193
#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:194 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:195
#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:197
msgid "yes"
msgstr "oui"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:192 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:193
#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:194 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:195
#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:197
msgid "no"
msgstr "non"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:193
msgid "*SSLv3*"
msgstr "*SSLv3*"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:194
msgid "*TLS* (*SSLv23*)"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:195
msgid "*TLSv1*"
msgstr "*TLSv1*"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196
msgid "*TLSv1.1*"
msgstr "*TLSv1.1*"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:197
msgid "*TLSv1.2*"
msgstr "*TLSv1.2*"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:202
msgid ""
"Which connections succeed will vary depending on the version of OpenSSL.  "
"For example, before OpenSSL 1.0.0, an SSLv23 client would always attempt "
"SSLv2 connections."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:206
msgid ""
"The *ciphers* parameter sets the available ciphers for this SSL object. It "
"should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format <https://www.openssl."
"org/docs/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:210
msgid ""
"The parameter ``do_handshake_on_connect`` specifies whether to do the SSL "
"handshake automatically after doing a :meth:`socket.connect`, or whether the "
"application program will call it explicitly, by invoking the :meth:"
"`SSLSocket.do_handshake` method.  Calling :meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` "
"explicitly gives the program control over the blocking behavior of the "
"socket I/O involved in the handshake."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:217
msgid ""
"The parameter ``suppress_ragged_eofs`` specifies how the :meth:`SSLSocket."
"recv` method should signal unexpected EOF from the other end of the "
"connection.  If specified as :const:`True` (the default), it returns a "
"normal EOF (an empty bytes object) in response to unexpected EOF errors "
"raised from the underlying socket; if :const:`False`, it will raise the "
"exceptions back to the caller."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:224
msgid "New optional argument *ciphers*."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:229
msgid "Context creation"
msgstr "Création de contexte"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:231
msgid ""
"A convenience function helps create :class:`SSLContext` objects for common "
"purposes."
msgstr ""
"Une fonction utilitaire permettant de créer facilement des objets :class:"
"`SSLContext` pour des usages classiques."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:236
msgid ""
"Return a new :class:`SSLContext` object with default settings for the given "
"*purpose*.  The settings are chosen by the :mod:`ssl` module, and usually "
"represent a higher security level than when calling the :class:`SSLContext` "
"constructor directly."
msgstr ""
"Renvoie un nouvel objet :class:`SSLContext`. Le paramètre *purpose* permet "
"de choisir parmi un ensemble de paramètres par défaut en fonction de l'usage "
"souhaité. Les paramètres sont choisis par le module :mod:`ssl` et "
"représentent généralement un niveau de sécurité supérieur à celui utilisé "
"lorsque vous appelez directement le constructeur :class:`SSLContext`."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:241
msgid ""
"*cafile*, *capath*, *cadata* represent optional CA certificates to trust for "
"certificate verification, as in :meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`.  "
"If all three are :const:`None`, this function can choose to trust the "
"system's default CA certificates instead."
msgstr ""
"*cafile*, *capath*, *cadata* représentent des certificats d'autorité de "
"certification facultatifs approuvés pour la vérification de certificats, "
"comme dans :meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`. Si les trois sont à :"
"const:`None`, cette fonction peut choisir de faire confiance aux certificats "
"d'autorité de certification par défaut du système."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:247
msgid ""
"The settings are: :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2`, and :data:"
"`OP_NO_SSLv3` with high encryption cipher suites without RC4 and without "
"unauthenticated cipher suites. Passing :data:`~Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` as "
"*purpose* sets :data:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` to :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` and "
"either loads CA certificates (when at least one of *cafile*, *capath* or "
"*cadata* is given) or uses :meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs` to load "
"default CA certificates."
msgstr ""
"Les paramètres sont : :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` et :data:"
"`OP_NO_SSLv3` avec des algorithmes de chiffrement de grande robustesse, "
"n'utilisant pas RC4 et n'utilisant pas les suites cryptographiques sans "
"authentification.  Passer :data:`~Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` en tant que *purpose* "
"définit :data:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` sur :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` et charge "
"les certificats de l'autorité de certification (lorsqu'au moins un des "
"paramètres *cafile*, *capath* ou *cadata* est renseigné) ou utilise :meth:"
"`SSLContext.load_default_certs` pour charger les certificats des autorités "
"de certification par défaut."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:256
msgid ""
"The protocol, options, cipher and other settings may change to more "
"restrictive values anytime without prior deprecation.  The values represent "
"a fair balance between compatibility and security."
msgstr ""
"Le protocole, les options, l'algorithme de chiffrement et d'autres "
"paramètres peuvent changer pour des valeurs plus restrictives à tout moment "
"sans avertissement préalable. Les valeurs représentent un juste équilibre "
"entre compatibilité et sécurité."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:260
msgid ""
"If your application needs specific settings, you should create a :class:"
"`SSLContext` and apply the settings yourself."
msgstr ""
"Si votre application nécessite des paramètres spécifiques, vous devez créer "
"une classe :class:`SSLContext` et appliquer les paramètres vous-même."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:264
msgid ""
"If you find that when certain older clients or servers attempt to connect "
"with a :class:`SSLContext` created by this function that they get an error "
"stating \"Protocol or cipher suite mismatch\", it may be that they only "
"support SSL3.0 which this function excludes using the :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3`. "
"SSL3.0 is widely considered to be `completely broken <https://en.wikipedia."
"org/wiki/POODLE>`_. If you still wish to continue to use this function but "
"still allow SSL 3.0 connections you can re-enable them using::"
msgstr ""
"Si vous constatez que, lorsque certains clients ou serveurs plus anciens "
"tentent de se connecter avec une classe :class:`SSLContext` créée par cette "
"fonction, une erreur indiquant « *Protocol or cipher suite "
"mismatch* » (« Non concordance de protocole ou d'algorithme de "
"chiffrement ») est détectée, il se peut qu'ils ne prennent en charge que SSL "
"3.0 que cette fonction exclut en utilisant :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3`. SSL3.0 est "
"notoirement considéré comme `totalement déficient <https://fr.wikipedia.org/"
"wiki/POODLE>`_. Si vous souhaitez toujours continuer à utiliser cette "
"fonction tout en autorisant les connexions SSL 3.0, vous pouvez les "
"réactiver à l'aide de ::"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:280
msgid "RC4 was dropped from the default cipher string."
msgstr ""
"RC4 a été supprimé de la liste des algorithmes de chiffrement par défaut."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:284
msgid "ChaCha20/Poly1305 was added to the default cipher string."
msgstr ""
"*ChaCha20*/*Poly1305* a été ajouté à la liste des algorithmes de chiffrement "
"par défaut."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:286
msgid "3DES was dropped from the default cipher string."
msgstr ""
"*3DES* a été supprimé de la liste des algorithmes de chiffrement par défaut."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:290
msgid "Random generation"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:294
msgid ""
"Return *num* cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes. Raises an :class:"
"`SSLError` if the PRNG has not been seeded with enough data or if the "
"operation is not supported by the current RAND method. :func:`RAND_status` "
"can be used to check the status of the PRNG and :func:`RAND_add` can be used "
"to seed the PRNG."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:300 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:321
msgid "For almost all applications :func:`os.urandom` is preferable."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:302
msgid ""
"Read the Wikipedia article, `Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number "
"generator (CSPRNG) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"
"Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator>`_, to get the "
"requirements of a cryptographically generator."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:311
msgid ""
"Return (bytes, is_cryptographic): bytes are *num* pseudo-random bytes, "
"is_cryptographic is ``True`` if the bytes generated are cryptographically "
"strong. Raises an :class:`SSLError` if the operation is not supported by the "
"current RAND method."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:316
msgid ""
"Generated pseudo-random byte sequences will be unique if they are of "
"sufficient length, but are not necessarily unpredictable. They can be used "
"for non-cryptographic purposes and for certain purposes in cryptographic "
"protocols, but usually not for key generation etc."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:327
msgid ""
"OpenSSL has deprecated :func:`ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes`, use :func:`ssl."
"RAND_bytes` instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:332
msgid ""
"Return ``True`` if the SSL pseudo-random number generator has been seeded "
"with 'enough' randomness, and ``False`` otherwise.  You can use :func:`ssl."
"RAND_egd` and :func:`ssl.RAND_add` to increase the randomness of the pseudo-"
"random number generator."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:339
msgid ""
"If you are running an entropy-gathering daemon (EGD) somewhere, and *path* "
"is the pathname of a socket connection open to it, this will read 256 bytes "
"of randomness from the socket, and add it to the SSL pseudo-random number "
"generator to increase the security of generated secret keys.  This is "
"typically only necessary on systems without better sources of randomness."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:345
msgid ""
"See http://egd.sourceforge.net/ or http://prngd.sourceforge.net/ for sources "
"of entropy-gathering daemons."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:348
msgid "Availability: not available with LibreSSL and OpenSSL > 1.1.0"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:352
msgid ""
"Mix the given *bytes* into the SSL pseudo-random number generator.  The "
"parameter *entropy* (a float) is a lower bound on the entropy contained in "
"string (so you can always use :const:`0.0`).  See :rfc:`1750` for more "
"information on sources of entropy."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:357
msgid "Writable :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted."
msgstr "N'importe quel :term:`bytes-like object` est maintenant accepté."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:361
msgid "Certificate handling"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:365
msgid ""
"Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by :meth:`SSLSocket."
"getpeercert`) matches the given *hostname*.  The rules applied are those for "
"checking the identity of HTTPS servers as outlined in :rfc:`2818` and :rfc:"
"`6125`.  In addition to HTTPS, this function should be suitable for checking "
"the identity of servers in various SSL-based protocols such as FTPS, IMAPS, "
"POPS and others."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:372
msgid ""
":exc:`CertificateError` is raised on failure. On success, the function "
"returns nothing::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:385
msgid ""
"The function now follows :rfc:`6125`, section 6.4.3 and does neither match "
"multiple wildcards (e.g. ``*.*.com`` or ``*a*.example.org``) nor a wildcard "
"inside an internationalized domain names (IDN) fragment. IDN A-labels such "
"as ``www*.xn--pthon-kva.org`` are still supported, but ``x*.python.org`` no "
"longer matches ``xn--tda.python.org``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:392
msgid ""
"Matching of IP addresses, when present in the subjectAltName field of the "
"certificate, is now supported."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:398
msgid ""
"Return the time in seconds since the Epoch, given the ``cert_time`` string "
"representing the \"notBefore\" or \"notAfter\" date from a certificate in ``"
"\"%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z\"`` strptime format (C locale)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:403
msgid "Here's an example:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:415
msgid "\"notBefore\" or \"notAfter\" dates must use GMT (:rfc:`5280`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:417
msgid ""
"Interpret the input time as a time in UTC as specified by 'GMT' timezone in "
"the input string. Local timezone was used previously. Return an integer (no "
"fractions of a second in the input format)"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:425
msgid ""
"Given the address ``addr`` of an SSL-protected server, as a (*hostname*, "
"*port-number*) pair, fetches the server's certificate, and returns it as a "
"PEM-encoded string.  If ``ssl_version`` is specified, uses that version of "
"the SSL protocol to attempt to connect to the server.  If ``ca_certs`` is "
"specified, it should be a file containing a list of root certificates, the "
"same format as used for the same parameter in :func:`wrap_socket`.  The call "
"will attempt to validate the server certificate against that set of root "
"certificates, and will fail if the validation attempt fails."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:434
msgid "This function is now IPv6-compatible."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:437
msgid ""
"The default *ssl_version* is changed from :data:`PROTOCOL_SSLv3` to :data:"
"`PROTOCOL_TLS` for maximum compatibility with modern servers."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:443
msgid ""
"Given a certificate as a DER-encoded blob of bytes, returns a PEM-encoded "
"string version of the same certificate."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:448
msgid ""
"Given a certificate as an ASCII PEM string, returns a DER-encoded sequence "
"of bytes for that same certificate."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:453
msgid ""
"Returns a named tuple with paths to OpenSSL's default cafile and capath. The "
"paths are the same as used by :meth:`SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths`. "
"The return value is a :term:`named tuple` ``DefaultVerifyPaths``:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:458
msgid ""
":attr:`cafile` - resolved path to cafile or ``None`` if the file doesn't "
"exist,"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:459
msgid ""
":attr:`capath` - resolved path to capath or ``None`` if the directory "
"doesn't exist,"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:460
msgid ""
":attr:`openssl_cafile_env` - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a "
"cafile,"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:461
msgid ":attr:`openssl_cafile` - hard coded path to a cafile,"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:462
msgid ""
":attr:`openssl_capath_env` - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a "
"capath,"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:463
msgid ":attr:`openssl_capath` - hard coded path to a capath directory"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:465
msgid ""
"Availability: LibreSSL ignores the environment vars :attr:"
"`openssl_cafile_env` and :attr:`openssl_capath_env`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:472
msgid ""
"Retrieve certificates from Windows' system cert store. *store_name* may be "
"one of ``CA``, ``ROOT`` or ``MY``. Windows may provide additional cert "
"stores, too."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:476
msgid ""
"The function returns a list of (cert_bytes, encoding_type, trust) tuples. "
"The encoding_type specifies the encoding of cert_bytes. It is either :const:"
"`x509_asn` for X.509 ASN.1 data or :const:`pkcs_7_asn` for PKCS#7 ASN.1 "
"data. Trust specifies the purpose of the certificate as a set of OIDS or "
"exactly ``True`` if the certificate is trustworthy for all purposes."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:483 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1451
msgid "Example::"
msgstr "Exemple ::"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:489 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:504
msgid "Availability: Windows."
msgstr "Disponibilité : Windows."

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:495
msgid ""
"Retrieve CRLs from Windows' system cert store. *store_name* may be one of "
"``CA``, ``ROOT`` or ``MY``. Windows may provide additional cert stores, too."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:499
msgid ""
"The function returns a list of (cert_bytes, encoding_type, trust) tuples. "
"The encoding_type specifies the encoding of cert_bytes. It is either :const:"
"`x509_asn` for X.509 ASN.1 data or :const:`pkcs_7_asn` for PKCS#7 ASN.1 data."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:510
msgid "Constants"
msgstr "Constantes"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:514
msgid ""
"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`, or the ``cert_reqs`` "
"parameter to :func:`wrap_socket`.  In this mode (the default), no "
"certificates will be required from the other side of the socket connection. "
"If a certificate is received from the other end, no attempt to validate it "
"is made."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:520 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1753
msgid "See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-security` below."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:524
msgid ""
"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`, or the ``cert_reqs`` "
"parameter to :func:`wrap_socket`.  In this mode no certificates will be "
"required from the other side of the socket connection; but if they are "
"provided, validation will be attempted and an :class:`SSLError` will be "
"raised on failure."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:530 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:541
msgid ""
"Use of this setting requires a valid set of CA certificates to be passed, "
"either to :meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations` or as a value of the "
"``ca_certs`` parameter to :func:`wrap_socket`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:536
msgid ""
"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`, or the ``cert_reqs`` "
"parameter to :func:`wrap_socket`.  In this mode, certificates are required "
"from the other side of the socket connection; an :class:`SSLError` will be "
"raised if no certificate is provided, or if its validation fails."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:547
msgid ""
"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, "
"certificate revocation lists (CRLs) are not checked. By default OpenSSL does "
"neither require nor verify CRLs."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:555
msgid ""
"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, only the "
"peer cert is check but non of the intermediate CA certificates. The mode "
"requires a valid CRL that is signed by the peer cert's issuer (its direct "
"ancestor CA). If no proper has been loaded :attr:`SSLContext."
"load_verify_locations`, validation will fail."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:565
msgid ""
"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, CRLs of "
"all certificates in the peer cert chain are checked."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:572
msgid ""
"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` to disable workarounds "
"for broken X.509 certificates."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:579
msgid ""
"Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. It instructs OpenSSL to "
"prefer trusted certificates when building the trust chain to validate a "
"certificate. This flag is enabled by default."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:587
msgid ""
"Selects the highest protocol version that both the client and server "
"support. Despite the name, this option can select \"TLS\" protocols as well "
"as \"SSL\"."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:594
msgid "Alias for data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:598
msgid "Use data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:602
msgid "Selects SSL version 2 as the channel encryption protocol."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:604
msgid ""
"This protocol is not available if OpenSSL is compiled with the "
"``OPENSSL_NO_SSL2`` flag."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:609
msgid "SSL version 2 is insecure.  Its use is highly discouraged."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:613
msgid "OpenSSL has removed support for SSLv2."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:617
msgid "Selects SSL version 3 as the channel encryption protocol."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:619
msgid ""
"This protocol is not be available if OpenSSL is compiled with the "
"``OPENSSL_NO_SSLv3`` flag."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:624
msgid "SSL version 3 is insecure.  Its use is highly discouraged."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:628 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:637
#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:649 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:662
msgid ""
"OpenSSL has deprecated all version specific protocols. Use the default "
"protocol data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` with flags like data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:633
msgid "Selects TLS version 1.0 as the channel encryption protocol."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:642
msgid ""
"Selects TLS version 1.1 as the channel encryption protocol. Available only "
"with openssl version 1.0.1+."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:654
msgid ""
"Selects TLS version 1.2 as the channel encryption protocol. This is the most "
"modern version, and probably the best choice for maximum protection, if both "
"sides can speak it.  Available only with openssl version 1.0.1+."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:667
msgid ""
"Enables workarounds for various bugs present in other SSL implementations. "
"This option is set by default.  It does not necessarily set the same flags "
"as OpenSSL's ``SSL_OP_ALL`` constant."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:675
msgid ""
"Prevents an SSLv2 connection.  This option is only applicable in conjunction "
"with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`.  It prevents the peers from choosing SSLv2 as "
"the protocol version."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:683
msgid "SSLv2 is deprecated"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:688
msgid ""
"Prevents an SSLv3 connection.  This option is only applicable in conjunction "
"with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`.  It prevents the peers from choosing SSLv3 as "
"the protocol version."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:696
msgid "SSLv3 is deprecated"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:700
msgid ""
"Prevents a TLSv1 connection.  This option is only applicable in conjunction "
"with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`.  It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1 as "
"the protocol version."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:708
msgid ""
"Prevents a TLSv1.1 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction "
"with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1.1 as "
"the protocol version. Available only with openssl version 1.0.1+."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:716
msgid ""
"Prevents a TLSv1.2 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction "
"with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1.2 as "
"the protocol version. Available only with openssl version 1.0.1+."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:724
msgid ""
"Use the server's cipher ordering preference, rather than the client's. This "
"option has no effect on client sockets and SSLv2 server sockets."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:731
msgid ""
"Prevents re-use of the same DH key for distinct SSL sessions.  This improves "
"forward secrecy but requires more computational resources. This option only "
"applies to server sockets."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:739
msgid ""
"Prevents re-use of the same ECDH key for distinct SSL sessions.  This "
"improves forward secrecy but requires more computational resources. This "
"option only applies to server sockets."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:747
msgid ""
"Disable compression on the SSL channel.  This is useful if the application "
"protocol supports its own compression scheme."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:750
msgid "This option is only available with OpenSSL 1.0.0 and later."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:756
msgid ""
"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the *Application-Layer "
"Protocol Negotiation* TLS extension as described in :rfc:`7301`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:763
msgid ""
"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for Elliptic Curve-based "
"Diffie-Hellman key exchange.  This should be true unless the feature was "
"explicitly disabled by the distributor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:771
msgid ""
"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the *Server Name "
"Indication* extension (as defined in :rfc:`4366`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:778
msgid ""
"Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for *Next Protocol "
"Negotiation* as described in the `NPN draft specification <https://tools."
"ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. When true, you can use the :"
"meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` method to advertise which protocols you "
"want to support."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:788
msgid ""
"List of supported TLS channel binding types.  Strings in this list can be "
"used as arguments to :meth:`SSLSocket.get_channel_binding`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:795
msgid "The version string of the OpenSSL library loaded by the interpreter::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:804
msgid ""
"A tuple of five integers representing version information about the OpenSSL "
"library::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:814
msgid "The raw version number of the OpenSSL library, as a single integer::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:827
msgid ""
"Alert Descriptions from :rfc:`5246` and others. The `IANA TLS Alert Registry "
"<https://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-parameters/tls-parameters.xml#tls-"
"parameters-6>`_ contains this list and references to the RFCs where their "
"meaning is defined."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:831
msgid ""
"Used as the return value of the callback function in :meth:`SSLContext."
"set_servername_callback`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:838
msgid ""
"Option for :func:`create_default_context` and :meth:`SSLContext."
"load_default_certs`.  This value indicates that the context may be used to "
"authenticate Web servers (therefore, it will be used to create client-side "
"sockets)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:847
msgid ""
"Option for :func:`create_default_context` and :meth:`SSLContext."
"load_default_certs`.  This value indicates that the context may be used to "
"authenticate Web clients (therefore, it will be used to create server-side "
"sockets)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:856
msgid "SSL Sockets"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:860
msgid "SSL sockets provide the following methods of :ref:`socket-objects`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:862
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.accept()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:863
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.bind()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:864
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.close()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:865
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.connect()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:866
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.detach()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:867
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.fileno()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:868
msgid ""
":meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:869
msgid ""
":meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:870
msgid ""
":meth:`~socket.socket.gettimeout()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.settimeout()`, :"
"meth:`~socket.socket.setblocking()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:872
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.listen()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:873
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.makefile()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:874
msgid ""
":meth:`~socket.socket.recv()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.recv_into()` (but "
"passing a non-zero ``flags`` argument is not allowed)"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:876
msgid ""
":meth:`~socket.socket.send()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendall()` (with the "
"same limitation)"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:878
msgid ""
":meth:`~socket.socket.sendfile()` (but :mod:`os.sendfile` will be used for "
"plain-text sockets only, else :meth:`~socket.socket.send()` will be used)"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:880
msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown()`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:882
msgid ""
"However, since the SSL (and TLS) protocol has its own framing atop of TCP, "
"the SSL sockets abstraction can, in certain respects, diverge from the "
"specification of normal, OS-level sockets.  See especially the :ref:`notes "
"on non-blocking sockets <ssl-nonblocking>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:887
msgid ""
"Usually, :class:`SSLSocket` are not created directly, but using the :func:"
"`wrap_socket` function or the :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` method."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:890
msgid "The :meth:`sendfile` method was added."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:893
msgid ""
"The :meth:`shutdown` does not reset the socket timeout each time bytes are "
"received or sent. The socket timeout is now to maximum total duration of the "
"shutdown."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:899
msgid "SSL sockets also have the following additional methods and attributes:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:903
msgid ""
"Read up to *len* bytes of data from the SSL socket and return the result as "
"a ``bytes`` instance. If *buffer* is specified, then read into the buffer "
"instead, and return the number of bytes read."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:907
msgid ""
"Raise :exc:`SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` if the socket is :"
"ref:`non-blocking <ssl-nonblocking>` and the read would block."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:910
msgid ""
"As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a call to :meth:`read` can also "
"cause write operations."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:913
msgid ""
"The socket timeout is no more reset each time bytes are received or sent. "
"The socket timeout is now to maximum total duration to read up to *len* "
"bytes."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:920
msgid ""
"Write *buf* to the SSL socket and return the number of bytes written. The "
"*buf* argument must be an object supporting the buffer interface."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:923
msgid ""
"Raise :exc:`SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` if the socket is :"
"ref:`non-blocking <ssl-nonblocking>` and the write would block."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:926
msgid ""
"As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a call to :meth:`write` can "
"also cause read operations."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:929
msgid ""
"The socket timeout is no more reset each time bytes are received or sent. "
"The socket timeout is now to maximum total duration to write *buf*."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:935
msgid ""
"The :meth:`~SSLSocket.read` and :meth:`~SSLSocket.write` methods are the low-"
"level methods that read and write unencrypted, application-level data and "
"decrypt/encrypt it to encrypted, wire-level data. These methods require an "
"active SSL connection, i.e. the handshake was completed and :meth:`SSLSocket."
"unwrap` was not called."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:941
msgid ""
"Normally you should use the socket API methods like :meth:`~socket.socket."
"recv` and :meth:`~socket.socket.send` instead of these methods."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:947
msgid "Perform the SSL setup handshake."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:949
msgid ""
"The handshake method also performs :func:`match_hostname` when the :attr:"
"`~SSLContext.check_hostname` attribute of the socket's :attr:`~SSLSocket."
"context` is true."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:954
msgid ""
"The socket timeout is no more reset each time bytes are received or sent. "
"The socket timeout is now to maximum total duration of the handshake."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:960
msgid ""
"If there is no certificate for the peer on the other end of the connection, "
"return ``None``.  If the SSL handshake hasn't been done yet, raise :exc:"
"`ValueError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:964
msgid ""
"If the ``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`False`, and a certificate was "
"received from the peer, this method returns a :class:`dict` instance.  If "
"the certificate was not validated, the dict is empty.  If the certificate "
"was validated, it returns a dict with several keys, amongst them ``subject`` "
"(the principal for which the certificate was issued) and ``issuer`` (the "
"principal issuing the certificate).  If a certificate contains an instance "
"of the *Subject Alternative Name* extension (see :rfc:`3280`), there will "
"also be a ``subjectAltName`` key in the dictionary."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:973
msgid ""
"The ``subject`` and ``issuer`` fields are tuples containing the sequence of "
"relative distinguished names (RDNs) given in the certificate's data "
"structure for the respective fields, and each RDN is a sequence of name-"
"value pairs.  Here is a real-world example::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:999
msgid ""
"To validate a certificate for a particular service, you can use the :func:"
"`match_hostname` function."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1002
msgid ""
"If the ``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`True`, and a certificate was "
"provided, this method returns the DER-encoded form of the entire certificate "
"as a sequence of bytes, or :const:`None` if the peer did not provide a "
"certificate.  Whether the peer provides a certificate depends on the SSL "
"socket's role:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1008
msgid ""
"for a client SSL socket, the server will always provide a certificate, "
"regardless of whether validation was required;"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1011
msgid ""
"for a server SSL socket, the client will only provide a certificate when "
"requested by the server; therefore :meth:`getpeercert` will return :const:"
"`None` if you used :const:`CERT_NONE` (rather than :const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` "
"or :const:`CERT_REQUIRED`)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1016
msgid ""
"The returned dictionary includes additional items such as ``issuer`` and "
"``notBefore``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1020
msgid ""
":exc:`ValueError` is raised when the handshake isn't done. The returned "
"dictionary includes additional X509v3 extension items   such as "
"``crlDistributionPoints``, ``caIssuers`` and ``OCSP`` URIs."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1027
msgid ""
"Returns a three-value tuple containing the name of the cipher being used, "
"the version of the SSL protocol that defines its use, and the number of "
"secret bits being used.  If no connection has been established, returns "
"``None``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1033
msgid ""
"Return the list of ciphers shared by the client during the handshake.  Each "
"entry of the returned list is a three-value tuple containing the name of the "
"cipher, the version of the SSL protocol that defines its use, and the number "
"of secret bits the cipher uses.  :meth:`~SSLSocket.shared_ciphers` returns "
"``None`` if no connection has been established or the socket is a client "
"socket."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1044
msgid ""
"Return the compression algorithm being used as a string, or ``None`` if the "
"connection isn't compressed."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1047
msgid ""
"If the higher-level protocol supports its own compression mechanism, you can "
"use :data:`OP_NO_COMPRESSION` to disable SSL-level compression."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1054
msgid ""
"Get channel binding data for current connection, as a bytes object.  Returns "
"``None`` if not connected or the handshake has not been completed."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1057
msgid ""
"The *cb_type* parameter allow selection of the desired channel binding type. "
"Valid channel binding types are listed in the :data:`CHANNEL_BINDING_TYPES` "
"list.  Currently only the 'tls-unique' channel binding, defined by :rfc:"
"`5929`, is supported.  :exc:`ValueError` will be raised if an unsupported "
"channel binding type is requested."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1067
msgid ""
"Return the protocol that was selected during the TLS handshake.  If :meth:"
"`SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols` was not called, if the other party does not "
"support ALPN, if this socket does not support any of the client's proposed "
"protocols, or if the handshake has not happened yet, ``None`` is returned."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1077
msgid ""
"Return the higher-level protocol that was selected during the TLS/SSL "
"handshake. If :meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` was not called, or if the "
"other party does not support NPN, or if the handshake has not yet happened, "
"this will return ``None``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1086
msgid ""
"Performs the SSL shutdown handshake, which removes the TLS layer from the "
"underlying socket, and returns the underlying socket object.  This can be "
"used to go from encrypted operation over a connection to unencrypted.  The "
"returned socket should always be used for further communication with the "
"other side of the connection, rather than the original socket."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1094
msgid ""
"Return the actual SSL protocol version negotiated by the connection as a "
"string, or ``None`` is no secure connection is established. As of this "
"writing, possible return values include ``\"SSLv2\"``, ``\"SSLv3\"``, ``"
"\"TLSv1\"``, ``\"TLSv1.1\"`` and ``\"TLSv1.2\"``. Recent OpenSSL versions "
"may define more return values."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1104
msgid ""
"Returns the number of already decrypted bytes available for read, pending on "
"the connection."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1109
msgid ""
"The :class:`SSLContext` object this SSL socket is tied to.  If the SSL "
"socket was created using the top-level :func:`wrap_socket` function (rather "
"than :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket`), this is a custom context object "
"created for this SSL socket."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1118
msgid ""
"A boolean which is ``True`` for server-side sockets and ``False`` for client-"
"side sockets."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1125
msgid ""
"Hostname of the server: :class:`str` type, or ``None`` for server-side "
"socket or if the hostname was not specified in the constructor."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1132
msgid "SSL Contexts"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1136
msgid ""
"An SSL context holds various data longer-lived than single SSL connections, "
"such as SSL configuration options, certificate(s) and private key(s). It "
"also manages a cache of SSL sessions for server-side sockets, in order to "
"speed up repeated connections from the same clients."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1143
msgid ""
"Create a new SSL context.  You may pass *protocol* which must be one of the "
"``PROTOCOL_*`` constants defined in this module. :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` is "
"currently recommended for maximum interoperability and default value."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1149
msgid ""
":func:`create_default_context` lets the :mod:`ssl` module choose security "
"settings for a given purpose."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1154
msgid ":data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` is the default value."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1157
msgid ":class:`SSLContext` objects have the following methods and attributes:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1161
msgid ""
"Get statistics about quantities of loaded X.509 certificates, count of X.509 "
"certificates flagged as CA certificates and certificate revocation lists as "
"dictionary."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1165
msgid "Example for a context with one CA cert and one other cert::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1175
msgid ""
"Load a private key and the corresponding certificate.  The *certfile* string "
"must be the path to a single file in PEM format containing the certificate "
"as well as any number of CA certificates needed to establish the "
"certificate's authenticity.  The *keyfile* string, if present, must point to "
"a file containing the private key in.  Otherwise the private key will be "
"taken from *certfile* as well.  See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-"
"certificates` for more information on how the certificate is stored in the "
"*certfile*."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1184
msgid ""
"The *password* argument may be a function to call to get the password for "
"decrypting the private key.  It will only be called if the private key is "
"encrypted and a password is necessary.  It will be called with no arguments, "
"and it should return a string, bytes, or bytearray.  If the return value is "
"a string it will be encoded as UTF-8 before using it to decrypt the key. "
"Alternatively a string, bytes, or bytearray value may be supplied directly "
"as the *password* argument.  It will be ignored if the private key is not "
"encrypted and no password is needed."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1193
msgid ""
"If the *password* argument is not specified and a password is required, "
"OpenSSL's built-in password prompting mechanism will be used to "
"interactively prompt the user for a password."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1197
msgid ""
"An :class:`SSLError` is raised if the private key doesn't match with the "
"certificate."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1200
msgid "New optional argument *password*."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1205
msgid ""
"Load a set of default \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates from "
"default locations. On Windows it loads CA certs from the ``CA`` and ``ROOT`` "
"system stores. On other systems it calls :meth:`SSLContext."
"set_default_verify_paths`. In the future the method may load CA certificates "
"from other locations, too."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1211
msgid ""
"The *purpose* flag specifies what kind of CA certificates are loaded. The "
"default settings :data:`Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` loads certificates, that are "
"flagged and trusted for TLS web server authentication (client side "
"sockets). :data:`Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH` loads CA certificates for client "
"certificate verification on the server side."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1221
msgid ""
"Load a set of \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates used to validate "
"other peers' certificates when :data:`verify_mode` is other than :data:"
"`CERT_NONE`.  At least one of *cafile* or *capath* must be specified."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1225
msgid ""
"This method can also load certification revocation lists (CRLs) in PEM or "
"DER format. In order to make use of CRLs, :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` "
"must be configured properly."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1229
msgid ""
"The *cafile* string, if present, is the path to a file of concatenated CA "
"certificates in PEM format. See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-certificates` "
"for more information about how to arrange the certificates in this file."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1234
msgid ""
"The *capath* string, if present, is the path to a directory containing "
"several CA certificates in PEM format, following an `OpenSSL specific layout "
"<https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations.html>`_."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1239
msgid ""
"The *cadata* object, if present, is either an ASCII string of one or more "
"PEM-encoded certificates or a :term:`bytes-like object` of DER-encoded "
"certificates. Like with *capath* extra lines around PEM-encoded certificates "
"are ignored but at least one certificate must be present."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1244
msgid "New optional argument *cadata*"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1249
msgid ""
"Get a list of loaded \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates. If the "
"``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`False` each list entry is a dict like "
"the output of :meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert`. Otherwise the method returns a "
"list of DER-encoded certificates. The returned list does not contain "
"certificates from *capath* unless a certificate was requested and loaded by "
"a SSL connection."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1257
msgid ""
"Certificates in a capath directory aren't loaded unless they have been used "
"at least once."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1264
msgid ""
"Load a set of default \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates from a "
"filesystem path defined when building the OpenSSL library.  Unfortunately, "
"there's no easy way to know whether this method succeeds: no error is "
"returned if no certificates are to be found.  When the OpenSSL library is "
"provided as part of the operating system, though, it is likely to be "
"configured properly."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1273
msgid ""
"Set the available ciphers for sockets created with this context. It should "
"be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format <https://www.openssl.org/docs/"
"apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_. If no cipher can be selected "
"(because compile-time options or other configuration forbids use of all the "
"specified ciphers), an :class:`SSLError` will be raised."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1281
msgid ""
"when connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` method of SSL sockets will give "
"the currently selected cipher."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1286
msgid ""
"Specify which protocols the socket should advertise during the SSL/TLS "
"handshake. It should be a list of ASCII strings, like ``['http/1.1', "
"'spdy/2']``, ordered by preference. The selection of a protocol will happen "
"during the handshake, and will play out according to :rfc:`7301`. After a "
"successful handshake, the :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol` method "
"will return the agreed-upon protocol."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1293
msgid ""
"This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if :data:`HAS_ALPN` is "
"False."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1296
msgid ""
"OpenSSL 1.1.0+ will abort the handshake and raise :exc:`SSLError` when both "
"sides support ALPN but cannot agree on a protocol."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1303
msgid ""
"Specify which protocols the socket should advertise during the SSL/TLS "
"handshake. It should be a list of strings, like ``['http/1.1', 'spdy/2']``, "
"ordered by preference. The selection of a protocol will happen during the "
"handshake, and will play out according to the `NPN draft specification "
"<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-agl-tls-nextprotoneg>`_. After a "
"successful handshake, the :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol` method "
"will return the agreed-upon protocol."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1311
msgid ""
"This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if :data:`HAS_NPN` is "
"False."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1318
msgid ""
"Register a callback function that will be called after the TLS Client Hello "
"handshake message has been received by the SSL/TLS server when the TLS "
"client specifies a server name indication. The server name indication "
"mechanism is specified in :rfc:`6066` section 3 - Server Name Indication."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1323
msgid ""
"Only one callback can be set per ``SSLContext``.  If *server_name_callback* "
"is ``None`` then the callback is disabled. Calling this function a "
"subsequent time will disable the previously registered callback."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1327
msgid ""
"The callback function, *server_name_callback*, will be called with three "
"arguments; the first being the :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`, the second is a "
"string that represents the server name that the client is intending to "
"communicate (or :const:`None` if the TLS Client Hello does not contain a "
"server name) and the third argument is the original :class:`SSLContext`. The "
"server name argument is the IDNA decoded server name."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1334
msgid ""
"A typical use of this callback is to change the :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`'s :"
"attr:`SSLSocket.context` attribute to a new object of type :class:"
"`SSLContext` representing a certificate chain that matches the server name."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1339
msgid ""
"Due to the early negotiation phase of the TLS connection, only limited "
"methods and attributes are usable like :meth:`SSLSocket."
"selected_alpn_protocol` and :attr:`SSLSocket.context`. :meth:`SSLSocket."
"getpeercert`, :meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert`, :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` and :"
"meth:`SSLSocket.compress` methods require that the TLS connection has "
"progressed beyond the TLS Client Hello and therefore will not contain return "
"meaningful values nor can they be called safely."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1347
msgid ""
"The *server_name_callback* function must return ``None`` to allow the TLS "
"negotiation to continue.  If a TLS failure is required, a constant :const:"
"`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_* <ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR>` can be returned.  "
"Other return values will result in a TLS fatal error with :const:"
"`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1353
msgid ""
"If there is an IDNA decoding error on the server name, the TLS connection "
"will terminate with an :const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR` fatal TLS "
"alert message to the client."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1357
msgid ""
"If an exception is raised from the *server_name_callback* function the TLS "
"connection will terminate with a fatal TLS alert message :const:"
"`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1361
msgid ""
"This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if the OpenSSL library had "
"OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT defined when it was built."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1368
msgid ""
"Load the key generation parameters for Diffie-Helman (DH) key exchange. "
"Using DH key exchange improves forward secrecy at the expense of "
"computational resources (both on the server and on the client). The *dhfile* "
"parameter should be the path to a file containing DH parameters in PEM "
"format."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1374
msgid ""
"This setting doesn't apply to client sockets.  You can also use the :data:"
"`OP_SINGLE_DH_USE` option to further improve security."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1381
msgid ""
"Set the curve name for Elliptic Curve-based Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key "
"exchange.  ECDH is significantly faster than regular DH while arguably as "
"secure.  The *curve_name* parameter should be a string describing a well-"
"known elliptic curve, for example ``prime256v1`` for a widely supported "
"curve."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1387
msgid ""
"This setting doesn't apply to client sockets.  You can also use the :data:"
"`OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE` option to further improve security."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1390
msgid "This method is not available if :data:`HAS_ECDH` is ``False``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1395
msgid ""
"`SSL/TLS & Perfect Forward Secrecy <http://vincent.bernat.im/en/blog/2011-"
"ssl-perfect-forward-secrecy.html>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1396
msgid "Vincent Bernat."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1402
msgid ""
"Wrap an existing Python socket *sock* and return an :class:`SSLSocket` "
"object.  *sock* must be a :data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` socket; other socket "
"types are unsupported."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1406
msgid ""
"The returned SSL socket is tied to the context, its settings and "
"certificates.  The parameters *server_side*, *do_handshake_on_connect* and "
"*suppress_ragged_eofs* have the same meaning as in the top-level :func:"
"`wrap_socket` function."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1411
msgid ""
"On client connections, the optional parameter *server_hostname* specifies "
"the hostname of the service which we are connecting to.  This allows a "
"single server to host multiple SSL-based services with distinct "
"certificates, quite similarly to HTTP virtual hosts. Specifying "
"*server_hostname* will raise a :exc:`ValueError` if *server_side* is true."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1417
msgid ""
"Always allow a server_hostname to be passed, even if OpenSSL does not have "
"SNI."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1424
msgid ""
"Create a new :class:`SSLObject` instance by wrapping the BIO objects "
"*incoming* and *outgoing*. The SSL routines will read input data from the "
"incoming BIO and write data to the outgoing BIO."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1428
msgid ""
"The *server_side* and *server_hostname* parameters have the same meaning as "
"in :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1433
msgid ""
"Get statistics about the SSL sessions created or managed by this context. A "
"dictionary is returned which maps the names of each `piece of information "
"<https://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>`_ to their "
"numeric values.  For example, here is the total number of hits and misses in "
"the session cache since the context was created::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1445
msgid ""
"Whether to match the peer cert's hostname with :func:`match_hostname` in :"
"meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake`. The context's :attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` "
"must be set to :data:`CERT_OPTIONAL` or :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`, and you must "
"pass *server_hostname* to :meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_socket` in order to match "
"the hostname."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1468
msgid "This features requires OpenSSL 0.9.8f or newer."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1472
msgid ""
"An integer representing the set of SSL options enabled on this context. The "
"default value is :data:`OP_ALL`, but you can specify other options such as :"
"data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` by ORing them together."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1477
msgid ""
"With versions of OpenSSL older than 0.9.8m, it is only possible to set "
"options, not to clear them.  Attempting to clear an option (by resetting the "
"corresponding bits) will raise a ``ValueError``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1483
msgid ""
"The protocol version chosen when constructing the context.  This attribute "
"is read-only."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1488
msgid ""
"The flags for certificate verification operations. You can set flags like :"
"data:`VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF` by ORing them together. By default OpenSSL does "
"neither require nor verify certificate revocation lists (CRLs). Available "
"only with openssl version 0.9.8+."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1497
msgid ""
"Whether to try to verify other peers' certificates and how to behave if "
"verification fails.  This attribute must be one of :data:`CERT_NONE`, :data:"
"`CERT_OPTIONAL` or :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1509
msgid "Certificates"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1511
msgid ""
"Certificates in general are part of a public-key / private-key system.  In "
"this system, each *principal*, (which may be a machine, or a person, or an "
"organization) is assigned a unique two-part encryption key.  One part of the "
"key is public, and is called the *public key*; the other part is kept "
"secret, and is called the *private key*.  The two parts are related, in that "
"if you encrypt a message with one of the parts, you can decrypt it with the "
"other part, and **only** with the other part."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1519
msgid ""
"A certificate contains information about two principals.  It contains the "
"name of a *subject*, and the subject's public key.  It also contains a "
"statement by a second principal, the *issuer*, that the subject is who he "
"claims to be, and that this is indeed the subject's public key.  The "
"issuer's statement is signed with the issuer's private key, which only the "
"issuer knows.  However, anyone can verify the issuer's statement by finding "
"the issuer's public key, decrypting the statement with it, and comparing it "
"to the other information in the certificate. The certificate also contains "
"information about the time period over which it is valid.  This is expressed "
"as two fields, called \"notBefore\" and \"notAfter\"."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1529
msgid ""
"In the Python use of certificates, a client or server can use a certificate "
"to prove who they are.  The other side of a network connection can also be "
"required to produce a certificate, and that certificate can be validated to "
"the satisfaction of the client or server that requires such validation.  The "
"connection attempt can be set to raise an exception if the validation fails. "
"Validation is done automatically, by the underlying OpenSSL framework; the "
"application need not concern itself with its mechanics.  But the application "
"does usually need to provide sets of certificates to allow this process to "
"take place."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1539
msgid ""
"Python uses files to contain certificates.  They should be formatted as \"PEM"
"\" (see :rfc:`1422`), which is a base-64 encoded form wrapped with a header "
"line and a footer line::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1548
msgid "Certificate chains"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1550
msgid ""
"The Python files which contain certificates can contain a sequence of "
"certificates, sometimes called a *certificate chain*.  This chain should "
"start with the specific certificate for the principal who \"is\" the client "
"or server, and then the certificate for the issuer of that certificate, and "
"then the certificate for the issuer of *that* certificate, and so on up the "
"chain till you get to a certificate which is *self-signed*, that is, a "
"certificate which has the same subject and issuer, sometimes called a *root "
"certificate*.  The certificates should just be concatenated together in the "
"certificate file.  For example, suppose we had a three certificate chain, "
"from our server certificate to the certificate of the certification "
"authority that signed our server certificate, to the root certificate of the "
"agency which issued the certification authority's certificate::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1574
msgid "CA certificates"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1576
msgid ""
"If you are going to require validation of the other side of the connection's "
"certificate, you need to provide a \"CA certs\" file, filled with the "
"certificate chains for each issuer you are willing to trust.  Again, this "
"file just contains these chains concatenated together.  For validation, "
"Python will use the first chain it finds in the file which matches.  The "
"platform's certificates file can be used by calling :meth:`SSLContext."
"load_default_certs`, this is done automatically with :func:`."
"create_default_context`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1585
msgid "Combined key and certificate"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1587
msgid ""
"Often the private key is stored in the same file as the certificate; in this "
"case, only the ``certfile`` parameter to :meth:`SSLContext.load_cert_chain` "
"and :func:`wrap_socket` needs to be passed.  If the private key is stored "
"with the certificate, it should come before the first certificate in the "
"certificate chain::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1601
msgid "Self-signed certificates"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1603
msgid ""
"If you are going to create a server that provides SSL-encrypted connection "
"services, you will need to acquire a certificate for that service.  There "
"are many ways of acquiring appropriate certificates, such as buying one from "
"a certification authority.  Another common practice is to generate a self-"
"signed certificate.  The simplest way to do this is with the OpenSSL "
"package, using something like the following::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1632
msgid ""
"The disadvantage of a self-signed certificate is that it is its own root "
"certificate, and no one else will have it in their cache of known (and "
"trusted) root certificates."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1638
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "Exemples"

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1641
msgid "Testing for SSL support"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1643
msgid ""
"To test for the presence of SSL support in a Python installation, user code "
"should use the following idiom::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1654
msgid "Client-side operation"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1656
msgid ""
"This example creates a SSL context with the recommended security settings "
"for client sockets, including automatic certificate verification::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1661
msgid ""
"If you prefer to tune security settings yourself, you might create a context "
"from scratch (but beware that you might not get the settings right)::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1670
msgid ""
"(this snippet assumes your operating system places a bundle of all CA "
"certificates in ``/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt``; if not, you'll get an "
"error and have to adjust the location)"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1674
msgid ""
"When you use the context to connect to a server, :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` "
"validates the server certificate: it ensures that the server certificate was "
"signed with one of the CA certificates, and checks the signature for "
"correctness::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1683
msgid "You may then fetch the certificate::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1687
msgid ""
"Visual inspection shows that the certificate does identify the desired "
"service (that is, the HTTPS host ``www.python.org``)::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1730
msgid ""
"Now the SSL channel is established and the certificate verified, you can "
"proceed to talk with the server::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1757
msgid "Server-side operation"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1759
msgid ""
"For server operation, typically you'll need to have a server certificate, "
"and private key, each in a file.  You'll first create a context holding the "
"key and the certificate, so that clients can check your authenticity.  Then "
"you'll open a socket, bind it to a port, call :meth:`listen` on it, and "
"start waiting for clients to connect::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1774
msgid ""
"When a client connects, you'll call :meth:`accept` on the socket to get the "
"new socket from the other end, and use the context's :meth:`SSLContext."
"wrap_socket` method to create a server-side SSL socket for the connection::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1787
msgid ""
"Then you'll read data from the ``connstream`` and do something with it till "
"you are finished with the client (or the client is finished with you)::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1801
msgid ""
"And go back to listening for new client connections (of course, a real "
"server would probably handle each client connection in a separate thread, or "
"put the sockets in :ref:`non-blocking mode <ssl-nonblocking>` and use an "
"event loop)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1809
msgid "Notes on non-blocking sockets"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1811
msgid ""
"SSL sockets behave slightly different than regular sockets in non-blocking "
"mode. When working with non-blocking sockets, there are thus several things "
"you need to be aware of:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1815
msgid ""
"Most :class:`SSLSocket` methods will raise either :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` "
"or :exc:`SSLWantReadError` instead of :exc:`BlockingIOError` if an I/O "
"operation would block. :exc:`SSLWantReadError` will be raised if a read "
"operation on the underlying socket is necessary, and :exc:"
"`SSLWantWriteError` for a write operation on the underlying socket. Note "
"that attempts to *write* to an SSL socket may require *reading* from the "
"underlying socket first, and attempts to *read* from the SSL socket may "
"require a prior *write* to the underlying socket."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1827
msgid ""
"In earlier Python versions, the :meth:`!SSLSocket.send` method returned zero "
"instead of raising :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` or :exc:`SSLWantReadError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1831
msgid ""
"Calling :func:`~select.select` tells you that the OS-level socket can be "
"read from (or written to), but it does not imply that there is sufficient "
"data at the upper SSL layer.  For example, only part of an SSL frame might "
"have arrived.  Therefore, you must be ready to handle :meth:`SSLSocket.recv` "
"and :meth:`SSLSocket.send` failures, and retry after another call to :func:"
"`~select.select`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1838
msgid ""
"Conversely, since the SSL layer has its own framing, a SSL socket may still "
"have data available for reading without :func:`~select.select` being aware "
"of it.  Therefore, you should first call :meth:`SSLSocket.recv` to drain any "
"potentially available data, and then only block on a :func:`~select.select` "
"call if still necessary."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1844
msgid ""
"(of course, similar provisions apply when using other primitives such as :"
"func:`~select.poll`, or those in the :mod:`selectors` module)"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1847
msgid ""
"The SSL handshake itself will be non-blocking: the :meth:`SSLSocket."
"do_handshake` method has to be retried until it returns successfully.  Here "
"is a synopsis using :func:`~select.select` to wait for the socket's "
"readiness::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1863
msgid ""
"The :mod:`asyncio` module supports :ref:`non-blocking SSL sockets <ssl-"
"nonblocking>` and provides a higher level API. It polls for events using "
"the :mod:`selectors` module and handles :exc:`SSLWantWriteError`, :exc:"
"`SSLWantReadError` and :exc:`BlockingIOError` exceptions. It runs the SSL "
"handshake asynchronously as well."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1872
msgid "Memory BIO Support"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1876
msgid ""
"Ever since the SSL module was introduced in Python 2.6, the :class:"
"`SSLSocket` class has provided two related but distinct areas of "
"functionality:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1879
msgid "SSL protocol handling"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1880
msgid "Network IO"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1882
msgid ""
"The network IO API is identical to that provided by :class:`socket.socket`, "
"from which :class:`SSLSocket` also inherits. This allows an SSL socket to be "
"used as a drop-in replacement for a regular socket, making it very easy to "
"add SSL support to an existing application."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1887
msgid ""
"Combining SSL protocol handling and network IO usually works well, but there "
"are some cases where it doesn't. An example is async IO frameworks that want "
"to use a different IO multiplexing model than the \"select/poll on a file "
"descriptor\" (readiness based) model that is assumed by :class:`socket."
"socket` and by the internal OpenSSL socket IO routines. This is mostly "
"relevant for platforms like Windows where this model is not efficient. For "
"this purpose, a reduced scope variant of :class:`SSLSocket` called :class:"
"`SSLObject` is provided."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1898
msgid ""
"A reduced-scope variant of :class:`SSLSocket` representing an SSL protocol "
"instance that does not contain any network IO methods. This class is "
"typically used by framework authors that want to implement asynchronous IO "
"for SSL through memory buffers."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1903
msgid ""
"This class implements an interface on top of a low-level SSL object as "
"implemented by OpenSSL. This object captures the state of an SSL connection "
"but does not provide any network IO itself. IO needs to be performed through "
"separate \"BIO\" objects which are OpenSSL's IO abstraction layer."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1908
msgid ""
"An :class:`SSLObject` instance can be created using the :meth:`~SSLContext."
"wrap_bio` method. This method will create the :class:`SSLObject` instance "
"and bind it to a pair of BIOs. The *incoming* BIO is used to pass data from "
"Python to the SSL protocol instance, while the *outgoing* BIO is used to "
"pass data the other way around."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1914
msgid "The following methods are available:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1916
msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.context`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1917
msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.server_side`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1918
msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.server_hostname`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1919
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.read`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1920
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.write`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1921
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.getpeercert`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1922
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1923
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.cipher`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1924
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.shared_ciphers`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1925
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.compression`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1926
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.pending`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1927
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1928
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.unwrap`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1929
msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_channel_binding`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1931
msgid ""
"When compared to :class:`SSLSocket`, this object lacks the following "
"features:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1934
msgid ""
"Any form of network IO incluging methods such as ``recv()`` and ``send()``."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1937
msgid ""
"There is no *do_handshake_on_connect* machinery. You must always manually "
"call :meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake` to start the handshake."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1940
msgid ""
"There is no handling of *suppress_ragged_eofs*. All end-of-file conditions "
"that are in violation of the protocol are reported via the :exc:"
"`SSLEOFError` exception."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1944
msgid ""
"The method :meth:`~SSLSocket.unwrap` call does not return anything, unlike "
"for an SSL socket where it returns the underlying socket."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1947
msgid ""
"The *server_name_callback* callback passed to :meth:`SSLContext."
"set_servername_callback` will get an :class:`SSLObject` instance instead of "
"a :class:`SSLSocket` instance as its first parameter."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1951
msgid "Some notes related to the use of :class:`SSLObject`:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1953
msgid ""
"All IO on an :class:`SSLObject` is :ref:`non-blocking <ssl-nonblocking>`. "
"This means that for example :meth:`~SSLSocket.read` will raise an :exc:"
"`SSLWantReadError` if it needs more data than the incoming BIO has available."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1958
msgid ""
"There is no module-level ``wrap_bio()`` call like there is for :meth:"
"`~SSLContext.wrap_socket`. An :class:`SSLObject` is always created via an :"
"class:`SSLContext`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1962
msgid ""
"An SSLObject communicates with the outside world using memory buffers. The "
"class :class:`MemoryBIO` provides a memory buffer that can be used for this "
"purpose.  It wraps an OpenSSL memory BIO (Basic IO) object:"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1968
msgid ""
"A memory buffer that can be used to pass data between Python and an SSL "
"protocol instance."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1973
msgid "Return the number of bytes currently in the memory buffer."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1977
msgid ""
"A boolean indicating whether the memory BIO is current at the end-of-file "
"position."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1982
msgid ""
"Read up to *n* bytes from the memory buffer. If *n* is not specified or "
"negative, all bytes are returned."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1987
msgid ""
"Write the bytes from *buf* to the memory BIO. The *buf* argument must be an "
"object supporting the buffer protocol."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1990
msgid ""
"The return value is the number of bytes written, which is always equal to "
"the length of *buf*."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1995
msgid ""
"Write an EOF marker to the memory BIO. After this method has been called, it "
"is illegal to call :meth:`~MemoryBIO.write`. The attribute :attr:`eof` will "
"become true after all data currently in the buffer has been read."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2003
msgid "Security considerations"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2006
msgid "Best defaults"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2008
msgid ""
"For **client use**, if you don't have any special requirements for your "
"security policy, it is highly recommended that you use the :func:"
"`create_default_context` function to create your SSL context. It will load "
"the system's trusted CA certificates, enable certificate validation and "
"hostname checking, and try to choose reasonably secure protocol and cipher "
"settings."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2015
msgid ""
"For example, here is how you would use the :class:`smtplib.SMTP` class to "
"create a trusted, secure connection to a SMTP server::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2024
msgid ""
"If a client certificate is needed for the connection, it can be added with :"
"meth:`SSLContext.load_cert_chain`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2027
msgid ""
"By contrast, if you create the SSL context by calling the :class:"
"`SSLContext` constructor yourself, it will not have certificate validation "
"nor hostname checking enabled by default.  If you do so, please read the "
"paragraphs below to achieve a good security level."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2033
msgid "Manual settings"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2036
msgid "Verifying certificates"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2038
msgid ""
"When calling the :class:`SSLContext` constructor directly, :const:"
"`CERT_NONE` is the default.  Since it does not authenticate the other peer, "
"it can be insecure, especially in client mode where most of time you would "
"like to ensure the authenticity of the server you're talking to. Therefore, "
"when in client mode, it is highly recommended to use :const:"
"`CERT_REQUIRED`.  However, it is in itself not sufficient; you also have to "
"check that the server certificate, which can be obtained by calling :meth:"
"`SSLSocket.getpeercert`, matches the desired service.  For many protocols "
"and applications, the service can be identified by the hostname; in this "
"case, the :func:`match_hostname` function can be used.  This common check is "
"automatically performed when :attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname` is enabled."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2051
msgid ""
"In server mode, if you want to authenticate your clients using the SSL layer "
"(rather than using a higher-level authentication mechanism), you'll also "
"have to specify :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` and similarly check the client "
"certificate."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2057
msgid ""
"In client mode, :const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` and :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` are "
"equivalent unless anonymous ciphers are enabled (they are disabled by "
"default)."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2062
msgid "Protocol versions"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2064
msgid ""
"SSL versions 2 and 3 are considered insecure and are therefore dangerous to "
"use.  If you want maximum compatibility between clients and servers, it is "
"recommended to use :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS` as the protocol version and then "
"disable SSLv2 and SSLv3 explicitly using the :data:`SSLContext.options` "
"attribute::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2076
msgid ""
"The SSL context created above will only allow TLSv1.2 and later (if "
"supported by your system) connections."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2080
msgid "Cipher selection"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2082
msgid ""
"If you have advanced security requirements, fine-tuning of the ciphers "
"enabled when negotiating a SSL session is possible through the :meth:"
"`SSLContext.set_ciphers` method.  Starting from Python 3.2.3, the ssl module "
"disables certain weak ciphers by default, but you may want to further "
"restrict the cipher choice. Be sure to read OpenSSL's documentation about "
"the `cipher list format <https://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers."
"html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_. If you want to check which ciphers are enabled "
"by a given cipher list, use the ``openssl ciphers`` command on your system."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2092
msgid "Multi-processing"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2094
msgid ""
"If using this module as part of a multi-processed application (using, for "
"example the :mod:`multiprocessing` or :mod:`concurrent.futures` modules), be "
"aware that OpenSSL's internal random number generator does not properly "
"handle forked processes.  Applications must change the PRNG state of the "
"parent process if they use any SSL feature with :func:`os.fork`.  Any "
"successful call of :func:`~ssl.RAND_add`, :func:`~ssl.RAND_bytes` or :func:"
"`~ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes` is sufficient."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2106
msgid "Class :class:`socket.socket`"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2106
msgid "Documentation of underlying :mod:`socket` class"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2109
msgid ""
"`SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: An Introduction <https://httpd.apache.org/docs/"
"trunk/en/ssl/ssl_intro.html>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2109
msgid "Intro from the Apache webserver documentation"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2112
msgid ""
"`RFC 1422: Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: "
"Certificate-Based Key Management <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1422>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2112
msgid "Steve Kent"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2115
msgid ""
"`RFC 1750: Randomness Recommendations for Security <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/"
"rfc1750>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2115
msgid "D. Eastlake et. al."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2118
msgid ""
"`RFC 3280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL "
"Profile <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3280>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2118
msgid "Housley et. al."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2121
msgid ""
"`RFC 4366: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <https://www.ietf.org/"
"rfc/rfc4366>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2121
msgid "Blake-Wilson et. al."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2124
msgid ""
"`RFC 5246: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 <https://"
"tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2124
msgid "T. Dierks et. al."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2127
msgid ""
"`RFC 6066: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions <https://tools.ietf.org/"
"html/rfc6066>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2127
msgid "D. Eastlake"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2129
msgid ""
"`IANA TLS: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Parameters <https://www.iana.org/"
"assignments/tls-parameters/tls-parameters.xml>`_"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2130
msgid "IANA"
msgstr ""