python-docs-fr/reference/executionmodel.po

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#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:6
msgid "Execution model"
msgstr "Modèle d'exécution"

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:14
msgid "Naming and binding"
msgstr "Noms et liaisons"

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:25
msgid ""
":dfn:`Names` refer to objects.  Names are introduced by name binding "
"operations. Each occurrence of a name in the program text refers to the :dfn:"
"`binding` of that name established in the innermost function block "
"containing the use."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:31
msgid ""
"A :dfn:`block` is a piece of Python program text that is executed as a unit. "
"The following are blocks: a module, a function body, and a class definition. "
"Each command typed interactively is a block.  A script file (a file given as "
"standard input to the interpreter or specified on the interpreter command "
"line the first argument) is a code block.  A script command (a command "
"specified on the interpreter command line with the '**-c**' option) is a "
"code block.  The file read by the built-in function :func:`execfile` is a "
"code block.  The string argument passed to the built-in function :func:"
"`eval` and to the :keyword:`exec` statement is a code block. The expression "
"read and evaluated by the built-in function :func:`input` is a code block."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:44
msgid ""
"A code block is executed in an :dfn:`execution frame`.  A frame contains "
"some administrative information (used for debugging) and determines where "
"and how execution continues after the code block's execution has completed."
msgstr ""
"Un bloc de code est exécuté dans un :dfn:`cadre d'exécution`. Un cadre "
"contient des informations administratives (utilisées pour le débogage) et "
"détermine où et comment l'exécution se poursuit après la fin de l'exécution "
"du bloc de code."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:50
msgid ""
"A :dfn:`scope` defines the visibility of a name within a block.  If a local "
"variable is defined in a block, its scope includes that block.  If the "
"definition occurs in a function block, the scope extends to any blocks "
"contained within the defining one, unless a contained block introduces a "
"different binding for the name.  The scope of names defined in a class block "
"is limited to the class block; it does not extend to the code blocks of "
"methods -- this includes generator expressions since they are implemented "
"using a function scope.  This means that the following will fail::"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:65
msgid ""
"When a name is used in a code block, it is resolved using the nearest "
"enclosing scope.  The set of all such scopes visible to a code block is "
"called the block's :dfn:`environment`."
msgstr ""
"Quand un nom est utilisé dans un bloc de code, la résolution utilise la "
"portée la plus petite. L'ensemble de toutes les portées visibles dans un "
"bloc de code s'appelle :dfn:`l'environnement` du bloc."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:71
msgid ""
"If a name is bound in a block, it is a local variable of that block. If a "
"name is bound at the module level, it is a global variable.  (The variables "
"of the module code block are local and global.)  If a variable is used in a "
"code block but not defined there, it is a :dfn:`free variable`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:80
msgid ""
"When a name is not found at all, a :exc:`NameError` exception is raised.  If "
"the name refers to a local variable that has not been bound, a :exc:"
"`UnboundLocalError` exception is raised.  :exc:`UnboundLocalError` is a "
"subclass of :exc:`NameError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:87
msgid ""
"The following constructs bind names: formal parameters to functions, :"
"keyword:`import` statements, class and function definitions (these bind the "
"class or function name in the defining block), and targets that are "
"identifiers if occurring in an assignment, :keyword:`for` loop header, in "
"the second position of an :keyword:`except` clause header or after :keyword:"
"`as` in a :keyword:`with` statement.  The :keyword:`import` statement of the "
"form ``from ... import *`` binds all names defined in the imported module, "
"except those beginning with an underscore.  This form may only be used at "
"the module level."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:97
msgid ""
"A target occurring in a :keyword:`del` statement is also considered bound "
"for this purpose (though the actual semantics are to unbind the name).  It "
"is illegal to unbind a name that is referenced by an enclosing scope; the "
"compiler will report a :exc:`SyntaxError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:102
msgid ""
"Each assignment or import statement occurs within a block defined by a class "
"or function definition or at the module level (the top-level code block)."
msgstr ""
"Chaque assignation ou instruction *import* a lieu dans un bloc défini par "
"une définition de classe ou de fonction ou au niveau du module (le bloc de "
"code de plus haut niveau)."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:105
msgid ""
"If a name binding operation occurs anywhere within a code block, all uses of "
"the name within the block are treated as references to the current block.  "
"This can lead to errors when a name is used within a block before it is "
"bound. This rule is subtle.  Python lacks declarations and allows name "
"binding operations to occur anywhere within a code block.  The local "
"variables of a code block can be determined by scanning the entire text of "
"the block for name binding operations."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:112
msgid ""
"If the global statement occurs within a block, all uses of the name "
"specified in the statement refer to the binding of that name in the top-"
"level namespace. Names are resolved in the top-level namespace by searching "
"the global namespace, i.e. the namespace of the module containing the code "
"block, and the builtins namespace, the namespace of the module :mod:"
"`__builtin__`.  The global namespace is searched first.  If the name is not "
"found there, the builtins namespace is searched.  The global statement must "
"precede all uses of the name."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:122
msgid ""
"The builtins namespace associated with the execution of a code block is "
"actually found by looking up the name ``__builtins__`` in its global "
"namespace; this should be a dictionary or a module (in the latter case the "
"module's dictionary is used).  By default, when in the :mod:`__main__` "
"module, ``__builtins__`` is the built-in module :mod:`__builtin__` (note: no "
"'s'); when in any other module, ``__builtins__`` is an alias for the "
"dictionary of the :mod:`__builtin__` module itself.  ``__builtins__`` can be "
"set to a user-created dictionary to create a weak form of restricted "
"execution."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:133
msgid ""
"Users should not touch ``__builtins__``; it is strictly an implementation "
"detail.  Users wanting to override values in the builtins namespace should :"
"keyword:`import` the :mod:`__builtin__` (no 's') module and modify its "
"attributes appropriately."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:140
msgid ""
"The namespace for a module is automatically created the first time a module "
"is imported.  The main module for a script is always called :mod:`__main__`."
msgstr ""
"L'espace de noms pour un module est créé automatiquement la première fois "
"que le module est importé. Le module principal d'un script s'appelle "
"toujours :mod:`__main__`."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:143
msgid ""
"The :keyword:`global` statement has the same scope as a name binding "
"operation in the same block.  If the nearest enclosing scope for a free "
"variable contains a global statement, the free variable is treated as a "
"global."
msgstr ""
"L'instruction :keyword:`global` a la même porte qu'une opération de liaison "
"du même bloc. Si la portée englobante la plus petite pour une variable libre "
"contient une instruction *global*, la variable libre est considérée globale."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:147
msgid ""
"A class definition is an executable statement that may use and define names. "
"These references follow the normal rules for name resolution. The namespace "
"of the class definition becomes the attribute dictionary of the class.  "
"Names defined at the class scope are not visible in methods."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:156
msgid "Interaction with dynamic features"
msgstr "Interaction avec les fonctionnalités dynamiques"

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:158
msgid ""
"There are several cases where Python statements are illegal when used in "
"conjunction with nested scopes that contain free variables."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:161
msgid ""
"If a variable is referenced in an enclosing scope, it is illegal to delete "
"the name.  An error will be reported at compile time."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:164
msgid ""
"If the wild card form of import --- ``import *`` --- is used in a function "
"and the function contains or is a nested block with free variables, the "
"compiler will raise a :exc:`SyntaxError`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:168
msgid ""
"If :keyword:`exec` is used in a function and the function contains or is a "
"nested block with free variables, the compiler will raise a :exc:"
"`SyntaxError` unless the exec explicitly specifies the local namespace for "
"the :keyword:`exec`.  (In other words, ``exec obj`` would be illegal, but "
"``exec obj in ns`` would be legal.)"
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:174
msgid ""
"The :func:`eval`, :func:`execfile`, and :func:`input` functions and the :"
"keyword:`exec` statement do not have access to the full environment for "
"resolving names.  Names may be resolved in the local and global namespaces "
"of the caller.  Free variables are not resolved in the nearest enclosing "
"namespace, but in the global namespace. [#]_ The :keyword:`exec` statement "
"and the :func:`eval` and :func:`execfile` functions have optional arguments "
"to override the global and local namespace.  If only one namespace is "
"specified, it is used for both."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:187
msgid "Exceptions"
msgstr "Exceptions"

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:198
msgid ""
"Exceptions are a means of breaking out of the normal flow of control of a "
"code block in order to handle errors or other exceptional conditions.  An "
"exception is *raised* at the point where the error is detected; it may be "
"*handled* by the surrounding code block or by any code block that directly "
"or indirectly invoked the code block where the error occurred."
msgstr ""
"Les exceptions sont un moyen de sortir du flot normal d'exécution d'un bloc "
"de code de manière à gérer des erreurs ou des conditions exceptionnelles. "
"Une exception est *levée* au moment où l'erreur est détectée ; elle doit "
"être *gérée* par le bloc de code qui l'entoure ou par tout bloc de code qui "
"a, directement ou indirectement, invoqué le bloc de code où l'erreur s'est "
"produite."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:204
msgid ""
"The Python interpreter raises an exception when it detects a run-time error "
"(such as division by zero).  A Python program can also explicitly raise an "
"exception with the :keyword:`raise` statement. Exception handlers are "
"specified with the :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` statement.  The :"
"keyword:`finally` clause of such a statement can be used to specify cleanup "
"code which does not handle the exception, but is executed whether an "
"exception occurred or not in the preceding code."
msgstr ""
"L'interpréteur Python lève une exception quand il détecte une erreur à "
"l'exécution (telle qu'une division par zéro). Un programme Python peut aussi "
"lever explicitement une exception avec l'instruction :keyword:`raise`. Les "
"gestionnaires d'exception sont spécifiés avec l'instruction :keyword:"
"`try` ... :keyword:`except`. La clause  :keyword:`finally` d'une telle "
"instruction peut être utilisée pour spécifier un code de nettoyage qui ne "
"gère pas l'exception mais qui est exécuté quoi qu'il arrive (exception ou "
"pas)."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:214
msgid ""
"Python uses the \"termination\" model of error handling: an exception "
"handler can find out what happened and continue execution at an outer level, "
"but it cannot repair the cause of the error and retry the failing operation "
"(except by re-entering the offending piece of code from the top)."
msgstr ""
"Python utilise le modèle par *terminaison* de gestion des erreurs : un "
"gestionnaire d'exception peut trouver ce qui est arrivé et continuer "
"l'exécution à un niveau plus élevé mais il ne peut pas réparer l'origine de "
"l'erreur et ré-essayer l'opération qui a échoué (sauf à entrer à nouveau "
"dans le code en question par le haut)."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:221
msgid ""
"When an exception is not handled at all, the interpreter terminates "
"execution of the program, or returns to its interactive main loop.  In "
"either case, it prints a stack backtrace, except when the exception is  :exc:"
"`SystemExit`."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:225
msgid ""
"Exceptions are identified by class instances.  The :keyword:`except` clause "
"is selected depending on the class of the instance: it must reference the "
"class of the instance or a base class thereof.  The instance can be received "
"by the handler and can carry additional information about the exceptional "
"condition."
msgstr ""
"Les exceptions sont identifiées par des instances de classe. La clause :"
"keyword:`except` sélectionnée dépend de la classe de l'instance : elle doit "
"faire référence à la classe de l'instance ou à une de ses classes ancêtres. "
"L'instance peut être transmise au gestionnaire et peut apporter des "
"informations complémentaires sur les conditions de l'exception."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:230
msgid ""
"Exceptions can also be identified by strings, in which case the :keyword:"
"`except` clause is selected by object identity.  An arbitrary value can be "
"raised along with the identifying string which can be passed to the handler."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:236
msgid ""
"Messages to exceptions are not part of the Python API.  Their contents may "
"change from one version of Python to the next without warning and should not "
"be relied on by code which will run under multiple versions of the "
"interpreter."
msgstr ""

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:240
msgid ""
"See also the description of the :keyword:`try` statement in section :ref:"
"`try` and :keyword:`raise` statement in section :ref:`raise`."
msgstr ""
"Reportez-vous aussi aux descriptions de l'instruction :keyword:`try` dans la "
"section :ref:`try` et de l'instruction :keyword:`raise` dans la section :ref:"
"`raise`."

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:244
msgid "Footnotes"
msgstr "Notes"

#: ../Doc/reference/executionmodel.rst:245
msgid ""
"This limitation occurs because the code that is executed by these operations "
"is not available at the time the module is compiled."
msgstr ""
"En effet, le code qui est exécuté par ces opérations n'est pas connu au "
"moment où le module est compilé."