# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 1990-2010, Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2014-11-03 09:23\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 1.7.0\n" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:5 msgid "Glossary" msgstr "Glossaire" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:12 msgid "" "The default Python prompt of the interactive shell. Often seen for code " "examples which can be executed interactively in the interpreter." msgstr "" "L'invite de commande utilisée par défaut dans l'interpréteur interactif. On " "la voit souvent dans des exemples de code qui peuvent être exécutés " "interactivement dans l'interpréteur." #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:16 msgid "" "The default Python prompt of the interactive shell when entering code for an " "indented code block or within a pair of matching left and right delimiters " "(parentheses, square brackets or curly braces)." msgstr "" "L'invite de commande utilisée par défaut dans l'interpréteur interactif " "lorsqu'on entre un bloc de code indenté ou entre deux délimiteurs " "(parenthèses, crochets ou accolades)." # I don’t know the accepted translation for “parse tree” #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:21 #, fuzzy msgid "" "A tool that tries to convert Python 2.x code to Python 3.x code by handling " "most of the incompatibilities which can be detected by parsing the source " "and traversing the parse tree." msgstr "" "Un outil qui essaie de convertir du code pour Python 2.x en code pour Python " "3.x en gérant la plupart des incompatibilités qui peuvent être détectées en " "analysant la source et traversant l’arbre d’analyse." # The strange space escaping are here to handle non-breaking spaces required by French typographic rules. #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:25 msgid "" "2to3 is available in the standard library as :mod:`lib2to3`; a standalone " "entry point is provided as :file:`Tools/scripts/2to3`. See :ref:`2to3-" "reference`." msgstr "" "2to3 est disponible dans la bibliothèque standard sous le nom de :mod:" "`lib2to3`\\ ; un point d’entrée indépendant est fourni via :file:`Tools/" "scripts/2to3`. Cf. \\ :ref:`2to3-reference`." #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:30 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Abstract base classes complement :term:`duck-typing` by providing a way to " "define interfaces when other techniques like :func:`hasattr` would be clumsy " "or subtly wrong (for example with :ref:`magic methods `). ABCs introduce virtual subclasses, which are classes that don't " "inherit from a class but are still recognized by :func:`isinstance` and :" "func:`issubclass`; see the :mod:`abc` module documentation. Python comes " "with many built-in ABCs for data structures (in the :mod:`collections` " "module), numbers (in the :mod:`numbers` module), and streams (in the :mod:" "`io` module). You can create your own ABCs with the :mod:`abc` module." msgstr "" "Les classes de base abstraites (ABC, suivant l'abbréviation anglaise) " "complètent le :term:`duck-typing` en fournissant un moyen de définir des " "interfaces pour les cas où d'autres techniques comme :func:`hasattr` " "seraient inélégantes. Python contient de nombreuses ABC pour les structures " "de données (dans le module :mod:`collections`), les nombres (dans le module :" "mod:`numbers`), et les flux (dans le module :mod:`io`). Vous pouvez créer " "vos propres ABC avec le module :mod:`abc`." # 7a3a0ba67d87486099ffa61582c31163 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:42 msgid "" "A value passed to a :term:`function` (or :term:`method`) when calling the " "function. There are two types of arguments:" msgstr "" # 50131cefa8d2410aa354a6b32e8435ed #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:45 msgid "" ":dfn:`keyword argument`: an argument preceded by an identifier (e.g. " "``name=``) in a function call or passed as a value in a dictionary preceded " "by ``**``. For example, ``3`` and ``5`` are both keyword arguments in the " "following calls to :func:`complex`::" msgstr "" # 8bbecb8af15441428909ba7722983955 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:53 msgid "" ":dfn:`positional argument`: an argument that is not a keyword argument. " "Positional arguments can appear at the beginning of an argument list and/or " "be passed as elements of an :term:`iterable` preceded by ``*``. For example, " "``3`` and ``5`` are both positional arguments in the following calls::" msgstr "" # 4c19af4f404b49fabb0ae8c34ac614ae #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:62 msgid "" "Arguments are assigned to the named local variables in a function body. See " "the :ref:`calls` section for the rules governing this assignment. " "Syntactically, any expression can be used to represent an argument; the " "evaluated value is assigned to the local variable." msgstr "" # 883a70f3d6ac4ef5af6203f130ff22f9 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:67 msgid "" "See also the :term:`parameter` glossary entry and the FAQ question on :ref:" "`the difference between arguments and parameters `." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:72 msgid "" "A value associated with an object which is referenced by name using dotted " "expressions. For example, if an object *o* has an attribute *a* it would be " "referenced as *o.a*." msgstr "" "Une valeur associée à un objet et référencé par un nom via une notation " "utilisant des points. Par exemple, si un objet *o* a un attribut *a*, il " "sera référencé par *o.a*." #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:77 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Benevolent Dictator For Life, a.k.a. `Guido van Rossum `_, Python's creator." msgstr "" "Dictateur à vie bénévole, alias `Guido van Rossum `_, le créateur de Python." # 6ed4ea9bfffd4183bdaf0a4e38245452 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:81 msgid "" "An object that supports the :ref:`buffer protocol `, like :" "class:`str`, :class:`bytearray` or :class:`memoryview`. Bytes-like objects " "can be used for various operations that expect binary data, such as " "compression, saving to a binary file or sending over a socket. Some " "operations need the binary data to be mutable, in which case not all bytes-" "like objects can apply." msgstr "" # 4784a51d6fea4eaf8eb8cc73ae492c9c #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:89 msgid "" "Python source code is compiled into bytecode, the internal representation of " "a Python program in the CPython interpreter. The bytecode is also cached in " "``.pyc`` and ``.pyo`` files so that executing the same file is faster the " "second time (recompilation from source to bytecode can be avoided). This " "\"intermediate language\" is said to run on a :term:`virtual machine` that " "executes the machine code corresponding to each bytecode. Do note that " "bytecodes are not expected to work between different Python virtual " "machines, nor to be stable between Python releases." msgstr "" # 693ad59d4aec412cbf25431a52fb6593 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:99 msgid "" "A list of bytecode instructions can be found in the documentation for :ref:" "`the dis module `." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:103 msgid "" "A template for creating user-defined objects. Class definitions normally " "contain method definitions which operate on instances of the class." msgstr "" "Un modèle pour créer des objets définis par l'utilisateur. Les définitions " "de classes contiennent normalement des définitions de méthodes qui agissent " "sur les instances de classe." # 928bddece69547be8d24a486652fd651 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:108 msgid "" "Any class which does not inherit from :class:`object`. See :term:`new-style " "class`. Classic classes have been removed in Python 3." msgstr "" # 80b9baf13e62410c9e2897e0c4be23cd #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:112 msgid "" "The implicit conversion of an instance of one type to another during an " "operation which involves two arguments of the same type. For example, " "``int(3.15)`` converts the floating point number to the integer ``3``, but " "in ``3+4.5``, each argument is of a different type (one int, one float), and " "both must be converted to the same type before they can be added or it will " "raise a ``TypeError``. Coercion between two operands can be performed with " "the ``coerce`` built-in function; thus, ``3+4.5`` is equivalent to calling " "``operator.add(*coerce(3, 4.5))`` and results in ``operator.add(3.0, " "4.5)``. Without coercion, all arguments of even compatible types would have " "to be normalized to the same value by the programmer, e.g., ``float(3)+4.5`` " "rather than just ``3+4.5``." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:125 msgid "" "An extension of the familiar real number system in which all numbers are " "expressed as a sum of a real part and an imaginary part. Imaginary numbers " "are real multiples of the imaginary unit (the square root of ``-1``), often " "written ``i`` in mathematics or ``j`` in engineering. Python has built-in " "support for complex numbers, which are written with this latter notation; " "the imaginary part is written with a ``j`` suffix, e.g., ``3+1j``. To get " "access to complex equivalents of the :mod:`math` module, use :mod:`cmath`. " "Use of complex numbers is a fairly advanced mathematical feature. If you're " "not aware of a need for them, it's almost certain you can safely ignore them." msgstr "" "Une extension du système numéral réel familier dans laquelle tous les " "nombres sont exprimés sous la forme d'une somme d'un réel et d'un " "imaginaire. Les nombres imaginaures sont de réels multiples d'une unité " "imaginaire (la racine carrée de ``-1``), souvent écrite ``i`` en " "mathématiques ou ``j`` en ingénierie. Python supporte nativement les nombres " "complexes, écrits avec cette dernière notation; la partie imaginaire est " "écrite avec un suffixe ``j``, exemple, ``3+1j``. Pour utiliser les " "équivalents complexes à :mod:`math`, utilisez :mod:`cmath`. L'utilisation " "des nombres complexes est une caractéristiques des mathématiques avancées. " "Si vous n'en avez pas l'utilité, vous pouvez les ignorer en toute " "tranquilité." #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:137 msgid "" "An object which controls the environment seen in a :keyword:`with` statement " "by defining :meth:`__enter__` and :meth:`__exit__` methods. See :pep:`343`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:142 #, fuzzy msgid "" "The canonical implementation of the Python programming language, as " "distributed on `python.org `_. The term \"CPython\" " "is used when necessary to distinguish this implementation from others such " "as Jython or IronPython." msgstr "" "L'implémentation canonique du langage de programmation Python. Le terme " "\"CPython\" est utilisé dans certains contextes lorsqu'il est nécessaire de " "distingué cette implémentation des autres comme Jython ou IronPython" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:148 msgid "" "A function returning another function, usually applied as a function " "transformation using the ``@wrapper`` syntax. Common examples for " "decorators are :func:`classmethod` and :func:`staticmethod`." msgstr "" "Une fonction retournant une autre fonction, utilisé habituellement dans une " "transformation de fonction via la syntaxe ``@wrapper``.Les exemples " "habituels pour les décorateurs sont :func:`classmethod` et :func:" "`staticmethod`." #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:152 msgid "" "The decorator syntax is merely syntactic sugar, the following two function " "definitions are semantically equivalent::" msgstr "" "La syntaxe decorator est simplement du sucre syntaxique, les définitions des " "deux fonctions suivantes sont sémantiquement équivalentes :" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:163 msgid "" "The same concept exists for classes, but is less commonly used there. See " "the documentation for :ref:`function definitions ` and :ref:`class " "definitions ` for more about decorators." msgstr "" "Quoique moins fréquemment utilisé, le même concept existe pour les classes. " "Consultez la documentation :ref:`définitions de fonctions ` et :" "ref:`définitions de classes ` pour en savoir plus sur les decorators." #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:168 #, fuzzy msgid "" "Any *new-style* object which defines the methods :meth:`__get__`, :meth:" "`__set__`, or :meth:`__delete__`. When a class attribute is a descriptor, " "its special binding behavior is triggered upon attribute lookup. Normally, " "using *a.b* to get, set or delete an attribute looks up the object named *b* " "in the class dictionary for *a*, but if *b* is a descriptor, the respective " "descriptor method gets called. Understanding descriptors is a key to a deep " "understanding of Python because they are the basis for many features " "including functions, methods, properties, class methods, static methods, and " "reference to super classes." msgstr "" "N'importe quel objet définissant les méthodes :meth:`__get__`, :meth:" "`__set__`, ou :meth:`__delete__`. Lorsque l'attribut d'une classe est un " "descripteur, son comportement spécial est déclenché lors de la recherche des " "attributs. En utilisant *a.b* pour obtenir, valoriser ou effacer un " "attribut, il recherche l'objet nommé *b* dans la dictionnaire de la classe " "pour *a*, mais si *b* est un descripteur, la méthode de ce descripteur est " "alors appelée.Comprendre les descripteurs est la clé d'une compréhension " "approfondie de Python, ils sont la base de nombre de ses caractéristiques " "notamment les fonctions, méthodes, propriétés, méthodes de classe, méthodes " "statiques, et les références aux classes mères. " #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:178 msgid "" "For more information about descriptors' methods, see :ref:`descriptors`." msgstr "" "Pour plus d'informations sur les méthodes des descripteurs, consultez :ref:" "`descriptors`." # f754f581b3d74b79bbd8141ea901dbaf #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:181 msgid "" "An associative array, where arbitrary keys are mapped to values. The keys " "can be any object with :meth:`__hash__` and :meth:`__eq__` methods. Called " "a hash in Perl." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:186 msgid "" "A string literal which appears as the first expression in a class, function " "or module. While ignored when the suite is executed, it is recognized by " "the compiler and put into the :attr:`__doc__` attribute of the enclosing " "class, function or module. Since it is available via introspection, it is " "the canonical place for documentation of the object." msgstr "" # 042c1d93e5ca4d8a96eab89d07ddb0df #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:194 msgid "" "A programming style which does not look at an object's type to determine if " "it has the right interface; instead, the method or attribute is simply " "called or used (\"If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it must be " "a duck.\") By emphasizing interfaces rather than specific types, well-" "designed code improves its flexibility by allowing polymorphic " "substitution. Duck-typing avoids tests using :func:`type` or :func:" "`isinstance`. (Note, however, that duck-typing can be complemented with :" "term:`abstract base classes `.) Instead, it typically " "employs :func:`hasattr` tests or :term:`EAFP` programming." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:205 msgid "" "Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission. This common Python coding " "style assumes the existence of valid keys or attributes and catches " "exceptions if the assumption proves false. This clean and fast style is " "characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`try` and :keyword:`except` " "statements. The technique contrasts with the :term:`LBYL` style common to " "many other languages such as C." msgstr "" "Il est plus simple de demander pardon que demander permission. Ce style de " "développement Python fait l'hypothèse que le code est valide, et attrape les " "exceptions si cette hypothèse s'avère fausse. Ce style, propre et efficace, " "est caractérisé par la présence de beaucoup de mot clé :keyword:`try` et :" "keyword:`except`. Cette technique de programmation contraste avec le style :" "term:`LBYL` présent courament dans des langages tel que C." #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:213 #, fuzzy msgid "" "A piece of syntax which can be evaluated to some value. In other words, an " "expression is an accumulation of expression elements like literals, names, " "attribute access, operators or function calls which all return a value. In " "contrast to many other languages, not all language constructs are " "expressions. There are also :term:`statement`\\s which cannot be used as " "expressions, such as :keyword:`print` or :keyword:`if`. Assignments are " "also statements, not expressions." msgstr "" "Une suite logique de termes et chiffres conformes à la syntaxe Python dont " "l'évaluation fournit une valeur. En d'autres termes, une expression est une " "suite d'éléments tels que des noms, opérateurs, littéraux, accès " "d'attributs, méthodes ou fonctions qui aboutissent à une valeur. " "Contrairement à beaucoup d'autres langages, les différentes constructions du " "langage ne sont pas toutes des expressions. Il y a également des :term:" "`statement`s qui ne peuvent pas être utilisés comme expressions, tel que :" "keyword:`if`. Les affectations sont également des :term:`statements` et non " "des expressions." #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:222 msgid "" "A module written in C or C++, using Python's C API to interact with the core " "and with user code." msgstr "" # 76951cc850f44973adbb2272e984c10d #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:226 msgid "" "An object exposing a file-oriented API (with methods such as :meth:`read()` " "or :meth:`write()`) to an underlying resource. Depending on the way it was " "created, a file object can mediate access to a real on-disk file or to " "another type of storage or communication device (for example standard input/" "output, in-memory buffers, sockets, pipes, etc.). File objects are also " "called :dfn:`file-like objects` or :dfn:`streams`." msgstr "" # 1fdf5a4475fa45a7a2c273be3699ac65 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:234 msgid "" "There are actually three categories of file objects: raw binary files, " "buffered binary files and text files. Their interfaces are defined in the :" "mod:`io` module. The canonical way to create a file object is by using the :" "func:`open` function." msgstr "" # b948ad82982548409e3c905be43aa371 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:240 msgid "A synonym for :term:`file object`." msgstr "" # 5725b635d290447cb6d0d89ad194b113 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:243 msgid "" "An object that tries to find the :term:`loader` for a module. It must " "implement a method named :meth:`find_module`. See :pep:`302` for details." msgstr "" # 8325f98bd93d4e0887c926dca290641c #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:248 msgid "" "Mathematical division that rounds down to nearest integer. The floor " "division operator is ``//``. For example, the expression ``11 // 4`` " "evaluates to ``2`` in contrast to the ``2.75`` returned by float true " "division. Note that ``(-11) // 4`` is ``-3`` because that is ``-2.75`` " "rounded *downward*. See :pep:`238`." msgstr "" # 33a8dbfd67ea4e0fb4dac5f9481c8568 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:255 msgid "" "A series of statements which returns some value to a caller. It can also be " "passed zero or more :term:`arguments ` which may be used in the " "execution of the body. See also :term:`parameter`, :term:`method`, and the :" "ref:`function` section." msgstr "" # e7a99770e34a43bd96520fc22dcfb18e #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:261 msgid "" "A pseudo-module which programmers can use to enable new language features " "which are not compatible with the current interpreter. For example, the " "expression ``11/4`` currently evaluates to ``2``. If the module in which it " "is executed had enabled *true division* by executing::" msgstr "" # 6ee85b1aab4c47e385f403ce68ed1cb3 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:268 msgid "" "the expression ``11/4`` would evaluate to ``2.75``. By importing the :mod:" "`__future__` module and evaluating its variables, you can see when a new " "feature was first added to the language and when it will become the default::" msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:278 msgid "" "The process of freeing memory when it is not used anymore. Python performs " "garbage collection via reference counting and a cyclic garbage collector " "that is able to detect and break reference cycles." msgstr "" # bd6889e8844949f3a02cd584e41ac906 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:285 msgid "" "A function which returns an iterator. It looks like a normal function " "except that it contains :keyword:`yield` statements for producing a series a " "values usable in a for-loop or that can be retrieved one at a time with the :" "func:`next` function. Each :keyword:`yield` temporarily suspends processing, " "remembering the location execution state (including local variables and " "pending try-statements). When the generator resumes, it picks-up where it " "left-off (in contrast to functions which start fresh on every invocation)." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:297 msgid "" "An expression that returns an iterator. It looks like a normal expression " "followed by a :keyword:`for` expression defining a loop variable, range, and " "an optional :keyword:`if` expression. The combined expression generates " "values for an enclosing function::" msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:306 msgid "See :term:`global interpreter lock`." msgstr "" # eae06790f2a14420857358b733306615 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:309 msgid "" "The mechanism used by the :term:`CPython` interpreter to assure that only " "one thread executes Python :term:`bytecode` at a time. This simplifies the " "CPython implementation by making the object model (including critical built-" "in types such as :class:`dict`) implicitly safe against concurrent access. " "Locking the entire interpreter makes it easier for the interpreter to be " "multi-threaded, at the expense of much of the parallelism afforded by multi-" "processor machines." msgstr "" # 8cc9fbea059141b080140a49ecba1e16 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:318 msgid "" "However, some extension modules, either standard or third-party, are " "designed so as to release the GIL when doing computationally-intensive tasks " "such as compression or hashing. Also, the GIL is always released when doing " "I/O." msgstr "" # e78ce472d1e848ada067fdd3068fb708 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:323 msgid "" "Past efforts to create a \"free-threaded\" interpreter (one which locks " "shared data at a much finer granularity) have not been successful because " "performance suffered in the common single-processor case. It is believed " "that overcoming this performance issue would make the implementation much " "more complicated and therefore costlier to maintain." msgstr "" # 9913e09d19804a99aee1d8811c888425 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:330 msgid "" "An object is *hashable* if it has a hash value which never changes during " "its lifetime (it needs a :meth:`__hash__` method), and can be compared to " "other objects (it needs an :meth:`__eq__` or :meth:`__cmp__` method). " "Hashable objects which compare equal must have the same hash value." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:335 msgid "" "Hashability makes an object usable as a dictionary key and a set member, " "because these data structures use the hash value internally." msgstr "" # 3408ad472f4c42688e32ca8388ab2dba #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:338 msgid "" "All of Python's immutable built-in objects are hashable, while no mutable " "containers (such as lists or dictionaries) are. Objects which are instances " "of user-defined classes are hashable by default; they all compare unequal " "(except with themselves), and their hash value is their :func:`id`." msgstr "" # 8f1c753bef6f49ef9292eff2e5e4369e #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:345 msgid "" "An Integrated Development Environment for Python. IDLE is a basic editor " "and interpreter environment which ships with the standard distribution of " "Python." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:350 msgid "" "An object with a fixed value. Immutable objects include numbers, strings " "and tuples. Such an object cannot be altered. A new object has to be " "created if a different value has to be stored. They play an important role " "in places where a constant hash value is needed, for example as a key in a " "dictionary." msgstr "" # 3a87150a8f954602982fd37339efd903 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:357 msgid "" "Mathematical division discarding any remainder. For example, the expression " "``11/4`` currently evaluates to ``2`` in contrast to the ``2.75`` returned " "by float division. Also called *floor division*. When dividing two integers " "the outcome will always be another integer (having the floor function " "applied to it). However, if one of the operands is another numeric type " "(such as a :class:`float`), the result will be coerced (see :term:" "`coercion`) to a common type. For example, an integer divided by a float " "will result in a float value, possibly with a decimal fraction. Integer " "division can be forced by using the ``//`` operator instead of the ``/`` " "operator. See also :term:`__future__`." msgstr "" # cd4670bfe278475e82214853bcf255cc #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:369 msgid "" "The process by which Python code in one module is made available to Python " "code in another module." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:373 msgid "" "An object that both finds and loads a module; both a :term:`finder` and :" "term:`loader` object." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:377 msgid "" "Python has an interactive interpreter which means you can enter statements " "and expressions at the interpreter prompt, immediately execute them and see " "their results. Just launch ``python`` with no arguments (possibly by " "selecting it from your computer's main menu). It is a very powerful way to " "test out new ideas or inspect modules and packages (remember ``help(x)``)." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:385 msgid "" "Python is an interpreted language, as opposed to a compiled one, though the " "distinction can be blurry because of the presence of the bytecode compiler. " "This means that source files can be run directly without explicitly creating " "an executable which is then run. Interpreted languages typically have a " "shorter development/debug cycle than compiled ones, though their programs " "generally also run more slowly. See also :term:`interactive`." msgstr "" # 1766e991d3794bfcbd0f64236d91bdcd #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:394 msgid "" "An object capable of returning its members one at a time. Examples of " "iterables include all sequence types (such as :class:`list`, :class:`str`, " "and :class:`tuple`) and some non-sequence types like :class:`dict` and :" "class:`file` and objects of any classes you define with an :meth:`__iter__` " "or :meth:`__getitem__` method. Iterables can be used in a :keyword:`for` " "loop and in many other places where a sequence is needed (:func:`zip`, :func:" "`map`, ...). When an iterable object is passed as an argument to the built-" "in function :func:`iter`, it returns an iterator for the object. This " "iterator is good for one pass over the set of values. When using iterables, " "it is usually not necessary to call :func:`iter` or deal with iterator " "objects yourself. The ``for`` statement does that automatically for you, " "creating a temporary unnamed variable to hold the iterator for the duration " "of the loop. See also :term:`iterator`, :term:`sequence`, and :term:" "`generator`." msgstr "" # f2537fc05b464913b2c4dbc25adaf0bc #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:410 msgid "" "An object representing a stream of data. Repeated calls to the iterator's :" "meth:`~generator.next` method return successive items in the stream. When " "no more data are available a :exc:`StopIteration` exception is raised " "instead. At this point, the iterator object is exhausted and any further " "calls to its :meth:`~generator.next` method just raise :exc:`StopIteration` " "again. Iterators are required to have an :meth:`__iter__` method that " "returns the iterator object itself so every iterator is also iterable and " "may be used in most places where other iterables are accepted. One notable " "exception is code which attempts multiple iteration passes. A container " "object (such as a :class:`list`) produces a fresh new iterator each time you " "pass it to the :func:`iter` function or use it in a :keyword:`for` loop. " "Attempting this with an iterator will just return the same exhausted " "iterator object used in the previous iteration pass, making it appear like " "an empty container." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:424 msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`typeiter`." msgstr "" # 4407f4d5ddab4943aa8b95ea3e95d087 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:427 msgid "" "A key function or collation function is a callable that returns a value used " "for sorting or ordering. For example, :func:`locale.strxfrm` is used to " "produce a sort key that is aware of locale specific sort conventions." msgstr "" # b687dec848ca4394a8c48b2990d87905 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:432 msgid "" "A number of tools in Python accept key functions to control how elements are " "ordered or grouped. They include :func:`min`, :func:`max`, :func:`sorted`, :" "meth:`list.sort`, :func:`heapq.nsmallest`, :func:`heapq.nlargest`, and :func:" "`itertools.groupby`." msgstr "" # 41316a1c618c4d59ba353c58c75e89fe #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:437 msgid "" "There are several ways to create a key function. For example. the :meth:" "`str.lower` method can serve as a key function for case insensitive sorts. " "Alternatively, an ad-hoc key function can be built from a :keyword:`lambda` " "expression such as ``lambda r: (r[0], r[2])``. Also, the :mod:`operator` " "module provides three key function constructors: :func:`~operator." "attrgetter`, :func:`~operator.itemgetter`, and :func:`~operator." "methodcaller`. See the :ref:`Sorting HOW TO ` for examples of " "how to create and use key functions." msgstr "" # 65d6c99a0f6941f6ac90cc3867107f42 # 0f29d18d80d44155bda6e138e96bd1ce #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:447 ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:620 msgid "See :term:`argument`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:450 msgid "" "An anonymous inline function consisting of a single :term:`expression` which " "is evaluated when the function is called. The syntax to create a lambda " "function is ``lambda [arguments]: expression``" msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:455 msgid "" "Look before you leap. This coding style explicitly tests for pre-conditions " "before making calls or lookups. This style contrasts with the :term:`EAFP` " "approach and is characterized by the presence of many :keyword:`if` " "statements." msgstr "" # 0dc5595fdc784d8f9afbc265a54ccb9e #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:460 msgid "" "In a multi-threaded environment, the LBYL approach can risk introducing a " "race condition between \"the looking\" and \"the leaping\". For example, " "the code, ``if key in mapping: return mapping[key]`` can fail if another " "thread removes *key* from *mapping* after the test, but before the lookup. " "This issue can be solved with locks or by using the EAFP approach." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:467 msgid "" "A built-in Python :term:`sequence`. Despite its name it is more akin to an " "array in other languages than to a linked list since access to elements are " "O(1)." msgstr "" # 0a233eff49d24efe9903158ed9a8fc7a #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:472 msgid "" "A compact way to process all or part of the elements in a sequence and " "return a list with the results. ``result = [\"0x%02x\" % x for x in " "range(256) if x % 2 == 0]`` generates a list of strings containing even hex " "numbers (0x..) in the range from 0 to 255. The :keyword:`if` clause is " "optional. If omitted, all elements in ``range(256)`` are processed." msgstr "" # f1f8f4cd6f1a4ae8850b0676e879f413 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:480 msgid "" "An object that loads a module. It must define a method named :meth:" "`load_module`. A loader is typically returned by a :term:`finder`. See :pep:" "`302` for details." msgstr "" # dd0ae5035bfa49fc9bd134314d09bfcd #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:485 msgid "" "A container object that supports arbitrary key lookups and implements the " "methods specified in the :class:`~collections.Mapping` or :class:" "`~collections.MutableMapping` :ref:`abstract base classes `. Examples include :class:`dict`, :class:" "`collections.defaultdict`, :class:`collections.OrderedDict` and :class:" "`collections.Counter`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:493 msgid "" "The class of a class. Class definitions create a class name, a class " "dictionary, and a list of base classes. The metaclass is responsible for " "taking those three arguments and creating the class. Most object oriented " "programming languages provide a default implementation. What makes Python " "special is that it is possible to create custom metaclasses. Most users " "never need this tool, but when the need arises, metaclasses can provide " "powerful, elegant solutions. They have been used for logging attribute " "access, adding thread-safety, tracking object creation, implementing " "singletons, and many other tasks." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:503 msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`metaclasses`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:506 msgid "" "A function which is defined inside a class body. If called as an attribute " "of an instance of that class, the method will get the instance object as its " "first :term:`argument` (which is usually called ``self``). See :term:" "`function` and :term:`nested scope`." msgstr "" # d91abe76105e44df9313330cad54ad2d #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:512 msgid "" "Method Resolution Order is the order in which base classes are searched for " "a member during lookup. See `The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order `_." msgstr "" # ad7a03faeea844749c0307592277e63f #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:517 msgid "" "An object that serves as an organizational unit of Python code. Modules " "have a namespace containing arbitrary Python objects. Modules are loaded " "into Python by the process of :term:`importing`." msgstr "" # 65d6c99a0f6941f6ac90cc3867107f42 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:521 msgid "See also :term:`package`." msgstr "" # c6741e9b5b1d47d7b0cf92e63d7437b1 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:524 msgid "See :term:`method resolution order`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:527 msgid "" "Mutable objects can change their value but keep their :func:`id`. See also :" "term:`immutable`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:531 msgid "" "Any tuple-like class whose indexable elements are also accessible using " "named attributes (for example, :func:`time.localtime` returns a tuple-like " "object where the *year* is accessible either with an index such as ``t[0]`` " "or with a named attribute like ``t.tm_year``)." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:536 msgid "" "A named tuple can be a built-in type such as :class:`time.struct_time`, or " "it can be created with a regular class definition. A full featured named " "tuple can also be created with the factory function :func:`collections." "namedtuple`. The latter approach automatically provides extra features such " "as a self-documenting representation like ``Employee(name='jones', " "title='programmer')``." msgstr "" # 34a3f673792842659e93f26a12de05e7 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:544 msgid "" "The place where a variable is stored. Namespaces are implemented as " "dictionaries. There are the local, global and built-in namespaces as well " "as nested namespaces in objects (in methods). Namespaces support modularity " "by preventing naming conflicts. For instance, the functions :func:" "`__builtin__.open` and :func:`os.open` are distinguished by their " "namespaces. Namespaces also aid readability and maintainability by making " "it clear which module implements a function. For instance, writing :func:" "`random.seed` or :func:`itertools.izip` makes it clear that those functions " "are implemented by the :mod:`random` and :mod:`itertools` modules, " "respectively." msgstr "" # 02211faabe3a4da0a7c887c874c296b1 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:556 msgid "" "The ability to refer to a variable in an enclosing definition. For " "instance, a function defined inside another function can refer to variables " "in the outer function. Note that nested scopes work only for reference and " "not for assignment which will always write to the innermost scope. In " "contrast, local variables both read and write in the innermost scope. " "Likewise, global variables read and write to the global namespace." msgstr "" # c773104e69fe4899b0b7464f24f6b490 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:564 msgid "" "Any class which inherits from :class:`object`. This includes all built-in " "types like :class:`list` and :class:`dict`. Only new-style classes can use " "Python's newer, versatile features like :attr:`~object.__slots__`, " "descriptors, properties, and :meth:`__getattribute__`." msgstr "" # df747d6666004ea28dff736f8724ebfd #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:569 msgid "More information can be found in :ref:`newstyle`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:572 msgid "" "Any data with state (attributes or value) and defined behavior (methods). " "Also the ultimate base class of any :term:`new-style class`." msgstr "" # f0589e9db9374de0a7c664556ace1d7b #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:577 msgid "" "A Python :term:`module` which can contain submodules or recursively, " "subpackages. Technically, a package is a Python module with an ``__path__`` " "attribute." msgstr "" # 3a948869abbf40c68bcddf7bc9e01238 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:582 msgid "" "A named entity in a :term:`function` (or method) definition that specifies " "an :term:`argument` (or in some cases, arguments) that the function can " "accept. There are four types of parameters:" msgstr "" # 88cbbf8a9c094e96972c9a4bae674b54 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:586 msgid "" ":dfn:`positional-or-keyword`: specifies an argument that can be passed " "either :term:`positionally ` or as a :term:`keyword argument " "`. This is the default kind of parameter, for example *foo* and " "*bar* in the following::" msgstr "" # 5d344aa1c2c14f41bdde1b3c739e316b #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:593 msgid "" ":dfn:`positional-only`: specifies an argument that can be supplied only by " "position. Python has no syntax for defining positional-only parameters. " "However, some built-in functions have positional-only parameters (e.g. :func:" "`abs`)." msgstr "" # df1910817a5e46739941e5d42e94a364 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:598 msgid "" ":dfn:`var-positional`: specifies that an arbitrary sequence of positional " "arguments can be provided (in addition to any positional arguments already " "accepted by other parameters). Such a parameter can be defined by " "prepending the parameter name with ``*``, for example *args* in the " "following::" msgstr "" # 8dd7e79a1566402e9e9ad95b604afeb4 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:606 msgid "" ":dfn:`var-keyword`: specifies that arbitrarily many keyword arguments can be " "provided (in addition to any keyword arguments already accepted by other " "parameters). Such a parameter can be defined by prepending the parameter " "name with ``**``, for example *kwargs* in the example above." msgstr "" # bf3e82954a6648efbe51ffdf2066bd51 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:612 msgid "" "Parameters can specify both optional and required arguments, as well as " "default values for some optional arguments." msgstr "" # 323d0e983e70456d9d14856846fe4e3b #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:615 msgid "" "See also the :term:`argument` glossary entry, the FAQ question on :ref:`the " "difference between arguments and parameters `, " "and the :ref:`function` section." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:623 msgid "" "Nickname for the Python 3.x release line (coined long ago when the release " "of version 3 was something in the distant future.) This is also abbreviated " "\"Py3k\"." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:628 msgid "" "An idea or piece of code which closely follows the most common idioms of the " "Python language, rather than implementing code using concepts common to " "other languages. For example, a common idiom in Python is to loop over all " "elements of an iterable using a :keyword:`for` statement. Many other " "languages don't have this type of construct, so people unfamiliar with " "Python sometimes use a numerical counter instead::" msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:638 msgid "As opposed to the cleaner, Pythonic method::" msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:644 msgid "" "The number of references to an object. When the reference count of an " "object drops to zero, it is deallocated. Reference counting is generally " "not visible to Python code, but it is a key element of the :term:`CPython` " "implementation. The :mod:`sys` module defines a :func:`~sys.getrefcount` " "function that programmers can call to return the reference count for a " "particular object." msgstr "" # 945a9d86a5f1422c9b37edd8e6f4f9cf #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:652 msgid "" "A declaration inside a :term:`new-style class` that saves memory by pre-" "declaring space for instance attributes and eliminating instance " "dictionaries. Though popular, the technique is somewhat tricky to get right " "and is best reserved for rare cases where there are large numbers of " "instances in a memory-critical application." msgstr "" # e226f945a29143b097289a7b551d25ec #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:659 msgid "" "An :term:`iterable` which supports efficient element access using integer " "indices via the :meth:`__getitem__` special method and defines a :meth:`len` " "method that returns the length of the sequence. Some built-in sequence types " "are :class:`list`, :class:`str`, :class:`tuple`, and :class:`unicode`. Note " "that :class:`dict` also supports :meth:`__getitem__` and :meth:`__len__`, " "but is considered a mapping rather than a sequence because the lookups use " "arbitrary :term:`immutable` keys rather than integers." msgstr "" # 4785e95d3a154c2da121c0542a04ee79 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:669 msgid "" "An object usually containing a portion of a :term:`sequence`. A slice is " "created using the subscript notation, ``[]`` with colons between numbers " "when several are given, such as in ``variable_name[1:3:5]``. The bracket " "(subscript) notation uses :class:`slice` objects internally (or in older " "versions, :meth:`__getslice__` and :meth:`__setslice__`)." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:676 msgid "" "A method that is called implicitly by Python to execute a certain operation " "on a type, such as addition. Such methods have names starting and ending " "with double underscores. Special methods are documented in :ref:" "`specialnames`." msgstr "" # ed4604b8fb634111bdfe9c8e6f2f5387 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:682 msgid "" "A statement is part of a suite (a \"block\" of code). A statement is either " "an :term:`expression` or one of several constructs with a keyword, such as :" "keyword:`if`, :keyword:`while` or :keyword:`for`." msgstr "" # 0c18843752e242b5bd5eaf59c9d9e380 #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:687 msgid "" "A tuple with named elements. Struct sequences expose an interface similiar " "to :term:`named tuple` in that elements can either be accessed either by " "index or as an attribute. However, they do not have any of the named tuple " "methods like :meth:`~collections.somenamedtuple._make` or :meth:" "`~collections.somenamedtuple._asdict`. Examples of struct sequences include :" "data:`sys.float_info` and the return value of :func:`os.stat`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:695 msgid "" "A string which is bound by three instances of either a quotation mark (\") " "or an apostrophe ('). While they don't provide any functionality not " "available with single-quoted strings, they are useful for a number of " "reasons. They allow you to include unescaped single and double quotes " "within a string and they can span multiple lines without the use of the " "continuation character, making them especially useful when writing " "docstrings." msgstr "" # 4ceb47bcd8704e648862b6bc1b5311fe #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:704 msgid "" "The type of a Python object determines what kind of object it is; every " "object has a type. An object's type is accessible as its :attr:`~instance." "__class__` attribute or can be retrieved with ``type(obj)``." msgstr "" # 45af0b22127142d898e66ebfd0567b9b #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:710 msgid "" "A manner of interpreting text streams in which all of the following are " "recognized as ending a line: the Unix end-of-line convention ``'\\n'``, the " "Windows convention ``'\\r\\n'``, and the old Macintosh convention " "``'\\r'``. See :pep:`278` and :pep:`3116`, as well as :func:`str." "splitlines` for an additional use." msgstr "" # a32b4dd14aa647d8ad51034682f0c23b #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:717 msgid "" "The objects returned from :meth:`dict.viewkeys`, :meth:`dict.viewvalues`, " "and :meth:`dict.viewitems` are called dictionary views. They are lazy " "sequences that will see changes in the underlying dictionary. To force the " "dictionary view to become a full list use ``list(dictview)``. See :ref:" "`dict-views`." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:724 msgid "" "A computer defined entirely in software. Python's virtual machine executes " "the :term:`bytecode` emitted by the bytecode compiler." msgstr "" #: ../src/Doc/glossary.rst:728 msgid "" "Listing of Python design principles and philosophies that are helpful in " "understanding and using the language. The listing can be found by typing " "\"``import this``\" at the interactive prompt." msgstr "" #~ msgid "" #~ "A value passed to a function or method, assigned to a named local " #~ "variable in the function body. A function or method may have both " #~ "positional arguments and keyword arguments in its definition. Positional " #~ "and keyword arguments may be variable-length: ``*`` accepts or passes (if " #~ "in the function definition or call) several positional arguments in a " #~ "list, while ``**`` does the same for keyword arguments in a dictionary." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Une valeur passée à une fonction ou une méthode, assignée à une variable " #~ "locale nommée dans le corps de la fonction. Une fonction ou une méthode " #~ "peut aussi bien avoir des arguments de position que des arguments clé " #~ "dans sa définition. Les arguments de position et les arguments clé " #~ "peuvent être de longueur variable: ``*`` accepte ou passe (selon si c'est " #~ "lors de la définition ou lors de l'appel de la fonction) plusieurs " #~ "arguments de position dans une liste, tandis que ``**`` effectue la même " #~ "chose pour les arguments clé dans un dictionnaire." #~ msgid "" #~ "Any expression may be used within the argument list, and the evaluated " #~ "value is passed to the local variable." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Une expression peut être utilisée dans la liste d'arguments, la valeur " #~ "évaluée est alors assignée à la variable locale." #~ msgid "" #~ "def f(...): ... f = staticmethod(f) @staticmethod def f(...): ..." #~ msgstr "def f(...): ... f = staticmethod(f) @staticmethod def f(...): ..." #~ msgid "for i in range(len(food)): print(food[i])" #~ msgstr "for i in range(len(food)): print(food[i])"