# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) 2001-2016, Python Software Foundation # This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Python 3.6\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2017-09-21 09:15+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2017-09-12 13:41+0200\n" "Last-Translator: \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Poedit 2.0.2\n" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2 msgid ":mod:`ssl` --- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:10 msgid "**Source code:** :source:`Lib/ssl.py`" msgstr "**Code source :** :source:`Lib/ssl.py`" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:18 msgid "" "This module provides access to Transport Layer Security (often known as " "\"Secure Sockets Layer\") encryption and peer authentication facilities for " "network sockets, both client-side and server-side. This module uses the " "OpenSSL library. It is available on all modern Unix systems, Windows, Mac OS " "X, and probably additional platforms, as long as OpenSSL is installed on " "that platform." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:26 msgid "" "Some behavior may be platform dependent, since calls are made to the " "operating system socket APIs. The installed version of OpenSSL may also " "cause variations in behavior. For example, TLSv1.1 and TLSv1.2 come with " "openssl version 1.0.1." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:32 msgid "" "Don't use this module without reading the :ref:`ssl-security`. Doing so may " "lead to a false sense of security, as the default settings of the ssl module " "are not necessarily appropriate for your application." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:37 msgid "" "This section documents the objects and functions in the ``ssl`` module; for " "more general information about TLS, SSL, and certificates, the reader is " "referred to the documents in the \"See Also\" section at the bottom." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:41 msgid "" "This module provides a class, :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`, which is derived from " "the :class:`socket.socket` type, and provides a socket-like wrapper that " "also encrypts and decrypts the data going over the socket with SSL. It " "supports additional methods such as :meth:`getpeercert`, which retrieves the " "certificate of the other side of the connection, and :meth:`cipher`,which " "retrieves the cipher being used for the secure connection." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:48 msgid "" "For more sophisticated applications, the :class:`ssl.SSLContext` class helps " "manage settings and certificates, which can then be inherited by SSL sockets " "created through the :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` method." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:54 msgid "" "OpenSSL 0.9.8, 1.0.0 and 1.0.1 are deprecated and no longer supported. In " "the future the ssl module will require at least OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1.0." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:60 msgid "Functions, Constants, and Exceptions" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:64 msgid "" "Raised to signal an error from the underlying SSL implementation (currently " "provided by the OpenSSL library). This signifies some problem in the higher-" "level encryption and authentication layer that's superimposed on the " "underlying network connection. This error is a subtype of :exc:`OSError`. " "The error code and message of :exc:`SSLError` instances are provided by the " "OpenSSL library." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:71 msgid ":exc:`SSLError` used to be a subtype of :exc:`socket.error`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:76 msgid "" "A string mnemonic designating the OpenSSL submodule in which the error " "occurred, such as ``SSL``, ``PEM`` or ``X509``. The range of possible " "values depends on the OpenSSL version." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:84 msgid "" "A string mnemonic designating the reason this error occurred, for example " "``CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED``. The range of possible values depends on the " "OpenSSL version." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:92 msgid "" "A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when trying to read or write and the " "SSL connection has been closed cleanly. Note that this doesn't mean that " "the underlying transport (read TCP) has been closed." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:100 msgid "" "A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised by a :ref:`non-blocking SSL socket ` when trying to read or write data, but more data needs to be " "received on the underlying TCP transport before the request can be fulfilled." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:109 msgid "" "A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised by a :ref:`non-blocking SSL socket ` when trying to read or write data, but more data needs to be " "sent on the underlying TCP transport before the request can be fulfilled." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:118 msgid "" "A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when a system error was encountered " "while trying to fulfill an operation on a SSL socket. Unfortunately, there " "is no easy way to inspect the original errno number." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:126 msgid "" "A subclass of :exc:`SSLError` raised when the SSL connection has been " "terminated abruptly. Generally, you shouldn't try to reuse the underlying " "transport when this error is encountered." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:134 msgid "" "Raised to signal an error with a certificate (such as mismatching " "hostname). Certificate errors detected by OpenSSL, though, raise an :exc:" "`SSLError`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:140 msgid "Socket creation" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:142 msgid "" "The following function allows for standalone socket creation. Starting from " "Python 3.2, it can be more flexible to use :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket` " "instead." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:148 msgid "" "Takes an instance ``sock`` of :class:`socket.socket`, and returns an " "instance of :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`, a subtype of :class:`socket.socket`, " "which wraps the underlying socket in an SSL context. ``sock`` must be a :" "data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` socket; other socket types are unsupported." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:153 msgid "" "For client-side sockets, the context construction is lazy; if the underlying " "socket isn't connected yet, the context construction will be performed " "after :meth:`connect` is called on the socket. For server-side sockets, if " "the socket has no remote peer, it is assumed to be a listening socket, and " "the server-side SSL wrapping is automatically performed on client " "connections accepted via the :meth:`accept` method. :func:`wrap_socket` may " "raise :exc:`SSLError`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:161 msgid "" "The ``keyfile`` and ``certfile`` parameters specify optional files which " "contain a certificate to be used to identify the local side of the " "connection. See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-certificates` for more " "information on how the certificate is stored in the ``certfile``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:166 msgid "" "The parameter ``server_side`` is a boolean which identifies whether server-" "side or client-side behavior is desired from this socket." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:169 msgid "" "The parameter ``cert_reqs`` specifies whether a certificate is required from " "the other side of the connection, and whether it will be validated if " "provided. It must be one of the three values :const:`CERT_NONE` " "(certificates ignored), :const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` (not required, but validated " "if provided), or :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` (required and validated). If the " "value of this parameter is not :const:`CERT_NONE`, then the ``ca_certs`` " "parameter must point to a file of CA certificates." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:177 msgid "" "The ``ca_certs`` file contains a set of concatenated \"certification " "authority\" certificates, which are used to validate certificates passed " "from the other end of the connection. See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-" "certificates` for more information about how to arrange the certificates in " "this file." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:183 msgid "" "The parameter ``ssl_version`` specifies which version of the SSL protocol to " "use. Typically, the server chooses a particular protocol version, and the " "client must adapt to the server's choice. Most of the versions are not " "interoperable with the other versions. If not specified, the default is :" "data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`; it provides the most compatibility with other versions." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:190 msgid "" "Here's a table showing which versions in a client (down the side) can " "connect to which versions in a server (along the top):" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 msgid "*client* / **server**" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 msgid "**SSLv2**" msgstr "**SSLv2**" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 msgid "**SSLv3**" msgstr "**SSLv3**" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 msgid "**TLS** [3]_" msgstr "**TLS** [3]_" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 msgid "**TLSv1**" msgstr "**TLSv1**" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 msgid "**TLSv1.1**" msgstr "**TLSv1.1**" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:196 msgid "**TLSv1.2**" msgstr "**TLSv1.2**" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:198 msgid "*SSLv2*" msgstr "*SSLv2*" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:198 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:199 #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:200 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:201 #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:202 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:203 msgid "yes" msgstr "oui" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:198 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:199 #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:201 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:202 #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:203 msgid "no" msgstr "non" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:198 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:200 msgid "no [1]_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:199 msgid "*SSLv3*" msgstr "*SSLv3*" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:199 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:200 msgid "no [2]_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:200 msgid "*TLS* (*SSLv23*) [3]_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:201 msgid "*TLSv1*" msgstr "*TLSv1*" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:202 msgid "*TLSv1.1*" msgstr "*TLSv1.1*" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:203 msgid "*TLSv1.2*" msgstr "*TLSv1.2*" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:206 msgid "Footnotes" msgstr "Notes" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:207 msgid ":class:`SSLContext` disables SSLv2 with :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` by default." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:208 msgid ":class:`SSLContext` disables SSLv3 with :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` by default." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:209 msgid "" "TLS 1.3 protocol will be available with :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` in OpenSSL >= " "1.1.1. There is no dedicated PROTOCOL constant for just TLS 1.3." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:215 msgid "" "Which connections succeed will vary depending on the version of OpenSSL. " "For example, before OpenSSL 1.0.0, an SSLv23 client would always attempt " "SSLv2 connections." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:219 msgid "" "The *ciphers* parameter sets the available ciphers for this SSL object. It " "should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format `_." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:223 msgid "" "The parameter ``do_handshake_on_connect`` specifies whether to do the SSL " "handshake automatically after doing a :meth:`socket.connect`, or whether the " "application program will call it explicitly, by invoking the :meth:" "`SSLSocket.do_handshake` method. Calling :meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake` " "explicitly gives the program control over the blocking behavior of the " "socket I/O involved in the handshake." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:230 msgid "" "The parameter ``suppress_ragged_eofs`` specifies how the :meth:`SSLSocket." "recv` method should signal unexpected EOF from the other end of the " "connection. If specified as :const:`True` (the default), it returns a " "normal EOF (an empty bytes object) in response to unexpected EOF errors " "raised from the underlying socket; if :const:`False`, it will raise the " "exceptions back to the caller." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:237 msgid "New optional argument *ciphers*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:241 msgid "Context creation" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:243 msgid "" "A convenience function helps create :class:`SSLContext` objects for common " "purposes." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:248 msgid "" "Return a new :class:`SSLContext` object with default settings for the given " "*purpose*. The settings are chosen by the :mod:`ssl` module, and usually " "represent a higher security level than when calling the :class:`SSLContext` " "constructor directly." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:253 msgid "" "*cafile*, *capath*, *cadata* represent optional CA certificates to trust for " "certificate verification, as in :meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations`. " "If all three are :const:`None`, this function can choose to trust the " "system's default CA certificates instead." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:259 msgid "" "The settings are: :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2`, and :data:" "`OP_NO_SSLv3` with high encryption cipher suites without RC4 and without " "unauthenticated cipher suites. Passing :data:`~Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` as " "*purpose* sets :data:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` to :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` and " "either loads CA certificates (when at least one of *cafile*, *capath* or " "*cadata* is given) or uses :meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs` to load " "default CA certificates." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:268 msgid "" "The protocol, options, cipher and other settings may change to more " "restrictive values anytime without prior deprecation. The values represent " "a fair balance between compatibility and security." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:272 msgid "" "If your application needs specific settings, you should create a :class:" "`SSLContext` and apply the settings yourself." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:276 msgid "" "If you find that when certain older clients or servers attempt to connect " "with a :class:`SSLContext` created by this function that they get an error " "stating \"Protocol or cipher suite mismatch\", it may be that they only " "support SSL3.0 which this function excludes using the :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3`. " "SSL3.0 is widely considered to be `completely broken `_. If you still wish to continue to use this function but " "still allow SSL 3.0 connections you can re-enable them using::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:292 msgid "RC4 was dropped from the default cipher string." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:296 msgid "ChaCha20/Poly1305 was added to the default cipher string." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:298 msgid "3DES was dropped from the default cipher string." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:302 msgid "" "TLS 1.3 cipher suites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, and " "TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 were added to the default cipher string." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:307 msgid "Random generation" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:311 msgid "" "Return *num* cryptographically strong pseudo-random bytes. Raises an :class:" "`SSLError` if the PRNG has not been seeded with enough data or if the " "operation is not supported by the current RAND method. :func:`RAND_status` " "can be used to check the status of the PRNG and :func:`RAND_add` can be used " "to seed the PRNG." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:317 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:338 msgid "For almost all applications :func:`os.urandom` is preferable." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:319 msgid "" "Read the Wikipedia article, `Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number " "generator (CSPRNG) `_, to get the " "requirements of a cryptographically generator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:328 msgid "" "Return (bytes, is_cryptographic): bytes are *num* pseudo-random bytes, " "is_cryptographic is ``True`` if the bytes generated are cryptographically " "strong. Raises an :class:`SSLError` if the operation is not supported by the " "current RAND method." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:333 msgid "" "Generated pseudo-random byte sequences will be unique if they are of " "sufficient length, but are not necessarily unpredictable. They can be used " "for non-cryptographic purposes and for certain purposes in cryptographic " "protocols, but usually not for key generation etc." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:344 msgid "" "OpenSSL has deprecated :func:`ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes`, use :func:`ssl." "RAND_bytes` instead." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:349 msgid "" "Return ``True`` if the SSL pseudo-random number generator has been seeded " "with 'enough' randomness, and ``False`` otherwise. You can use :func:`ssl." "RAND_egd` and :func:`ssl.RAND_add` to increase the randomness of the pseudo-" "random number generator." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:356 msgid "" "If you are running an entropy-gathering daemon (EGD) somewhere, and *path* " "is the pathname of a socket connection open to it, this will read 256 bytes " "of randomness from the socket, and add it to the SSL pseudo-random number " "generator to increase the security of generated secret keys. This is " "typically only necessary on systems without better sources of randomness." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:362 msgid "" "See http://egd.sourceforge.net/ or http://prngd.sourceforge.net/ for sources " "of entropy-gathering daemons." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:365 msgid "Availability: not available with LibreSSL and OpenSSL > 1.1.0" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:369 msgid "" "Mix the given *bytes* into the SSL pseudo-random number generator. The " "parameter *entropy* (a float) is a lower bound on the entropy contained in " "string (so you can always use :const:`0.0`). See :rfc:`1750` for more " "information on sources of entropy." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:374 msgid "Writable :term:`bytes-like object` is now accepted." msgstr "N'importe quel :term:`bytes-like object` est maintenant accepté." #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:378 msgid "Certificate handling" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:382 msgid "" "Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by :meth:`SSLSocket." "getpeercert`) matches the given *hostname*. The rules applied are those for " "checking the identity of HTTPS servers as outlined in :rfc:`2818`, :rfc:" "`5280` and :rfc:`6125`. In addition to HTTPS, this function should be " "suitable for checking the identity of servers in various SSL-based protocols " "such as FTPS, IMAPS, POPS and others." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:389 msgid "" ":exc:`CertificateError` is raised on failure. On success, the function " "returns nothing::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:402 msgid "" "The function now follows :rfc:`6125`, section 6.4.3 and does neither match " "multiple wildcards (e.g. ``*.*.com`` or ``*a*.example.org``) nor a wildcard " "inside an internationalized domain names (IDN) fragment. IDN A-labels such " "as ``www*.xn--pthon-kva.org`` are still supported, but ``x*.python.org`` no " "longer matches ``xn--tda.python.org``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:409 msgid "" "Matching of IP addresses, when present in the subjectAltName field of the " "certificate, is now supported." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:415 msgid "" "Return the time in seconds since the Epoch, given the ``cert_time`` string " "representing the \"notBefore\" or \"notAfter\" date from a certificate in ``" "\"%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z\"`` strptime format (C locale)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:420 msgid "Here's an example:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:432 msgid "\"notBefore\" or \"notAfter\" dates must use GMT (:rfc:`5280`)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:434 msgid "" "Interpret the input time as a time in UTC as specified by 'GMT' timezone in " "the input string. Local timezone was used previously. Return an integer (no " "fractions of a second in the input format)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:442 msgid "" "Given the address ``addr`` of an SSL-protected server, as a (*hostname*, " "*port-number*) pair, fetches the server's certificate, and returns it as a " "PEM-encoded string. If ``ssl_version`` is specified, uses that version of " "the SSL protocol to attempt to connect to the server. If ``ca_certs`` is " "specified, it should be a file containing a list of root certificates, the " "same format as used for the same parameter in :func:`wrap_socket`. The call " "will attempt to validate the server certificate against that set of root " "certificates, and will fail if the validation attempt fails." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:451 msgid "This function is now IPv6-compatible." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:454 msgid "" "The default *ssl_version* is changed from :data:`PROTOCOL_SSLv3` to :data:" "`PROTOCOL_TLS` for maximum compatibility with modern servers." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:460 msgid "" "Given a certificate as a DER-encoded blob of bytes, returns a PEM-encoded " "string version of the same certificate." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:465 msgid "" "Given a certificate as an ASCII PEM string, returns a DER-encoded sequence " "of bytes for that same certificate." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:470 msgid "" "Returns a named tuple with paths to OpenSSL's default cafile and capath. The " "paths are the same as used by :meth:`SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths`. " "The return value is a :term:`named tuple` ``DefaultVerifyPaths``:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:475 msgid "" ":attr:`cafile` - resolved path to cafile or ``None`` if the file doesn't " "exist," msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:476 msgid "" ":attr:`capath` - resolved path to capath or ``None`` if the directory " "doesn't exist," msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:477 msgid "" ":attr:`openssl_cafile_env` - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a " "cafile," msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:478 msgid ":attr:`openssl_cafile` - hard coded path to a cafile," msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:479 msgid "" ":attr:`openssl_capath_env` - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a " "capath," msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:480 msgid ":attr:`openssl_capath` - hard coded path to a capath directory" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:482 msgid "" "Availability: LibreSSL ignores the environment vars :attr:" "`openssl_cafile_env` and :attr:`openssl_capath_env`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:489 msgid "" "Retrieve certificates from Windows' system cert store. *store_name* may be " "one of ``CA``, ``ROOT`` or ``MY``. Windows may provide additional cert " "stores, too." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:493 msgid "" "The function returns a list of (cert_bytes, encoding_type, trust) tuples. " "The encoding_type specifies the encoding of cert_bytes. It is either :const:" "`x509_asn` for X.509 ASN.1 data or :const:`pkcs_7_asn` for PKCS#7 ASN.1 " "data. Trust specifies the purpose of the certificate as a set of OIDS or " "exactly ``True`` if the certificate is trustworthy for all purposes." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:500 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1384 #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1633 msgid "Example::" msgstr "Exemples ::" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:506 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:521 msgid "Availability: Windows." msgstr "Disponibilité : Windows." #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:512 msgid "" "Retrieve CRLs from Windows' system cert store. *store_name* may be one of " "``CA``, ``ROOT`` or ``MY``. Windows may provide additional cert stores, too." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:516 msgid "" "The function returns a list of (cert_bytes, encoding_type, trust) tuples. " "The encoding_type specifies the encoding of cert_bytes. It is either :const:" "`x509_asn` for X.509 ASN.1 data or :const:`pkcs_7_asn` for PKCS#7 ASN.1 data." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:527 msgid "Constants" msgstr "Constantes" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:529 msgid "" "All constants are now :class:`enum.IntEnum` or :class:`enum.IntFlag` " "collections." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:535 msgid "" "Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`, or the ``cert_reqs`` " "parameter to :func:`wrap_socket`. In this mode (the default), no " "certificates will be required from the other side of the socket connection. " "If a certificate is received from the other end, no attempt to validate it " "is made." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:541 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1952 msgid "See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-security` below." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:545 msgid "" "Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`, or the ``cert_reqs`` " "parameter to :func:`wrap_socket`. In this mode no certificates will be " "required from the other side of the socket connection; but if they are " "provided, validation will be attempted and an :class:`SSLError` will be " "raised on failure." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:551 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:562 msgid "" "Use of this setting requires a valid set of CA certificates to be passed, " "either to :meth:`SSLContext.load_verify_locations` or as a value of the " "``ca_certs`` parameter to :func:`wrap_socket`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:557 msgid "" "Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode`, or the ``cert_reqs`` " "parameter to :func:`wrap_socket`. In this mode, certificates are required " "from the other side of the socket connection; an :class:`SSLError` will be " "raised if no certificate is provided, or if its validation fails." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:568 msgid ":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection of CERT_* constants." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:574 msgid "" "Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, " "certificate revocation lists (CRLs) are not checked. By default OpenSSL does " "neither require nor verify CRLs." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:582 msgid "" "Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, only the " "peer cert is check but non of the intermediate CA certificates. The mode " "requires a valid CRL that is signed by the peer cert's issuer (its direct " "ancestor CA). If no proper has been loaded :attr:`SSLContext." "load_verify_locations`, validation will fail." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:592 msgid "" "Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. In this mode, CRLs of " "all certificates in the peer cert chain are checked." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:599 msgid "" "Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` to disable workarounds " "for broken X.509 certificates." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:606 msgid "" "Possible value for :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags`. It instructs OpenSSL to " "prefer trusted certificates when building the trust chain to validate a " "certificate. This flag is enabled by default." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:614 msgid ":class:`enum.IntFlag` collection of VERIFY_* constants." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:620 msgid "" "Selects the highest protocol version that both the client and server " "support. Despite the name, this option can select both \"SSL\" and \"TLS\" " "protocols." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:627 msgid "" "Auto-negotiate the highest protocol version like :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, but " "only support client-side :class:`SSLSocket` connections. The protocol " "enables :data:`CERT_REQUIRED` and :attr:`~SSLContext.check_hostname` by " "default." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:636 msgid "" "Auto-negotiate the highest protocol version like :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`, but " "only support server-side :class:`SSLSocket` connections." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:643 msgid "Alias for data:`PROTOCOL_TLS`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:647 msgid "Use :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` instead." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:651 msgid "Selects SSL version 2 as the channel encryption protocol." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:653 msgid "" "This protocol is not available if OpenSSL is compiled with the " "``OPENSSL_NO_SSL2`` flag." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:658 msgid "SSL version 2 is insecure. Its use is highly discouraged." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:662 msgid "OpenSSL has removed support for SSLv2." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:666 msgid "Selects SSL version 3 as the channel encryption protocol." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:668 msgid "" "This protocol is not be available if OpenSSL is compiled with the " "``OPENSSL_NO_SSLv3`` flag." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:673 msgid "SSL version 3 is insecure. Its use is highly discouraged." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:677 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:686 #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:698 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:711 msgid "" "OpenSSL has deprecated all version specific protocols. Use the default " "protocol :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` with flags like :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` instead." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:682 msgid "Selects TLS version 1.0 as the channel encryption protocol." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:691 msgid "" "Selects TLS version 1.1 as the channel encryption protocol. Available only " "with openssl version 1.0.1+." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:703 msgid "" "Selects TLS version 1.2 as the channel encryption protocol. This is the most " "modern version, and probably the best choice for maximum protection, if both " "sides can speak it. Available only with openssl version 1.0.1+." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:716 msgid "" "Enables workarounds for various bugs present in other SSL implementations. " "This option is set by default. It does not necessarily set the same flags " "as OpenSSL's ``SSL_OP_ALL`` constant." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:724 msgid "" "Prevents an SSLv2 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction " "with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing SSLv2 as " "the protocol version." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:732 msgid "SSLv2 is deprecated" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:737 msgid "" "Prevents an SSLv3 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction " "with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing SSLv3 as " "the protocol version." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:745 msgid "SSLv3 is deprecated" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:749 msgid "" "Prevents a TLSv1 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction " "with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1 as " "the protocol version." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:757 msgid "" "Prevents a TLSv1.1 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction " "with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1.1 as " "the protocol version. Available only with openssl version 1.0.1+." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:765 msgid "" "Prevents a TLSv1.2 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction " "with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1.2 as " "the protocol version. Available only with openssl version 1.0.1+." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:773 msgid "" "Prevents a TLSv1.3 connection. This option is only applicable in conjunction " "with :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS`. It prevents the peers from choosing TLSv1.3 as " "the protocol version. TLS 1.3 is available with OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later. When " "Python has been compiled against an older version of OpenSSL, the flag " "defaults to *0*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:783 msgid "" "Use the server's cipher ordering preference, rather than the client's. This " "option has no effect on client sockets and SSLv2 server sockets." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:790 msgid "" "Prevents re-use of the same DH key for distinct SSL sessions. This improves " "forward secrecy but requires more computational resources. This option only " "applies to server sockets." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:798 msgid "" "Prevents re-use of the same ECDH key for distinct SSL sessions. This " "improves forward secrecy but requires more computational resources. This " "option only applies to server sockets." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:806 msgid "" "Disable compression on the SSL channel. This is useful if the application " "protocol supports its own compression scheme." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:809 msgid "This option is only available with OpenSSL 1.0.0 and later." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:815 msgid ":class:`enum.IntFlag` collection of OP_* constants." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:819 msgid "Prevent client side from requesting a session ticket." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:825 msgid "" "Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the *Application-Layer " "Protocol Negotiation* TLS extension as described in :rfc:`7301`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:832 msgid "" "Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for Elliptic Curve-based " "Diffie-Hellman key exchange. This should be true unless the feature was " "explicitly disabled by the distributor." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:840 msgid "" "Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the *Server Name " "Indication* extension (as defined in :rfc:`6066`)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:847 msgid "" "Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for *Next Protocol " "Negotiation* as described in the `NPN draft specification `_. When true, you can use the :" "meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` method to advertise which protocols you " "want to support." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:857 msgid "" "Whether the OpenSSL library has built-in support for the TLS 1.3 protocol." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:863 msgid "" "List of supported TLS channel binding types. Strings in this list can be " "used as arguments to :meth:`SSLSocket.get_channel_binding`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:870 msgid "The version string of the OpenSSL library loaded by the interpreter::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:879 msgid "" "A tuple of five integers representing version information about the OpenSSL " "library::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:889 msgid "The raw version number of the OpenSSL library, as a single integer::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:902 msgid "" "Alert Descriptions from :rfc:`5246` and others. The `IANA TLS Alert Registry " "`_ contains this list and references to the RFCs where their " "meaning is defined." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:906 msgid "" "Used as the return value of the callback function in :meth:`SSLContext." "set_servername_callback`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:913 msgid ":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection of ALERT_DESCRIPTION_* constants." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:919 msgid "" "Option for :func:`create_default_context` and :meth:`SSLContext." "load_default_certs`. This value indicates that the context may be used to " "authenticate Web servers (therefore, it will be used to create client-side " "sockets)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:928 msgid "" "Option for :func:`create_default_context` and :meth:`SSLContext." "load_default_certs`. This value indicates that the context may be used to " "authenticate Web clients (therefore, it will be used to create server-side " "sockets)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:937 msgid ":class:`enum.IntEnum` collection of SSL_ERROR_* constants." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:943 msgid "SSL Sockets" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:947 msgid "SSL sockets provide the following methods of :ref:`socket-objects`:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:949 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.accept()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:950 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.bind()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:951 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.close()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:952 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.connect()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:953 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.detach()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:954 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.fileno()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:955 msgid "" ":meth:`~socket.socket.getpeername()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:956 msgid "" ":meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:957 msgid "" ":meth:`~socket.socket.gettimeout()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.settimeout()`, :" "meth:`~socket.socket.setblocking()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:959 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.listen()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:960 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.makefile()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:961 msgid "" ":meth:`~socket.socket.recv()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.recv_into()` (but " "passing a non-zero ``flags`` argument is not allowed)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:963 msgid "" ":meth:`~socket.socket.send()`, :meth:`~socket.socket.sendall()` (with the " "same limitation)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:965 msgid "" ":meth:`~socket.socket.sendfile()` (but :mod:`os.sendfile` will be used for " "plain-text sockets only, else :meth:`~socket.socket.send()` will be used)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:967 msgid ":meth:`~socket.socket.shutdown()`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:969 msgid "" "However, since the SSL (and TLS) protocol has its own framing atop of TCP, " "the SSL sockets abstraction can, in certain respects, diverge from the " "specification of normal, OS-level sockets. See especially the :ref:`notes " "on non-blocking sockets `." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:974 msgid "" "Usually, :class:`SSLSocket` are not created directly, but using the :meth:" "`SSLContext.wrap_socket` method." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:977 msgid "The :meth:`sendfile` method was added." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:980 msgid "" "The :meth:`shutdown` does not reset the socket timeout each time bytes are " "received or sent. The socket timeout is now to maximum total duration of the " "shutdown." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:985 msgid "" "It is deprecated to create a :class:`SSLSocket` instance directly, use :meth:" "`SSLContext.wrap_socket` to wrap a socket." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:990 msgid "SSL sockets also have the following additional methods and attributes:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:994 msgid "" "Read up to *len* bytes of data from the SSL socket and return the result as " "a ``bytes`` instance. If *buffer* is specified, then read into the buffer " "instead, and return the number of bytes read." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:998 msgid "" "Raise :exc:`SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` if the socket is :" "ref:`non-blocking ` and the read would block." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1001 msgid "" "As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a call to :meth:`read` can also " "cause write operations." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1004 msgid "" "The socket timeout is no more reset each time bytes are received or sent. " "The socket timeout is now to maximum total duration to read up to *len* " "bytes." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1009 msgid "Use :meth:`~SSLSocket.recv` instead of :meth:`~SSLSocket.read`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1014 msgid "" "Write *buf* to the SSL socket and return the number of bytes written. The " "*buf* argument must be an object supporting the buffer interface." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1017 msgid "" "Raise :exc:`SSLWantReadError` or :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` if the socket is :" "ref:`non-blocking ` and the write would block." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1020 msgid "" "As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a call to :meth:`write` can " "also cause read operations." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1023 msgid "" "The socket timeout is no more reset each time bytes are received or sent. " "The socket timeout is now to maximum total duration to write *buf*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1027 msgid "Use :meth:`~SSLSocket.send` instead of :meth:`~SSLSocket.write`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1032 msgid "" "The :meth:`~SSLSocket.read` and :meth:`~SSLSocket.write` methods are the low-" "level methods that read and write unencrypted, application-level data and " "decrypt/encrypt it to encrypted, wire-level data. These methods require an " "active SSL connection, i.e. the handshake was completed and :meth:`SSLSocket." "unwrap` was not called." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1038 msgid "" "Normally you should use the socket API methods like :meth:`~socket.socket." "recv` and :meth:`~socket.socket.send` instead of these methods." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1044 msgid "Perform the SSL setup handshake." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1046 msgid "" "The handshake method also performs :func:`match_hostname` when the :attr:" "`~SSLContext.check_hostname` attribute of the socket's :attr:`~SSLSocket." "context` is true." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1051 msgid "" "The socket timeout is no more reset each time bytes are received or sent. " "The socket timeout is now to maximum total duration of the handshake." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1057 msgid "" "If there is no certificate for the peer on the other end of the connection, " "return ``None``. If the SSL handshake hasn't been done yet, raise :exc:" "`ValueError`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1061 msgid "" "If the ``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`False`, and a certificate was " "received from the peer, this method returns a :class:`dict` instance. If " "the certificate was not validated, the dict is empty. If the certificate " "was validated, it returns a dict with several keys, amongst them ``subject`` " "(the principal for which the certificate was issued) and ``issuer`` (the " "principal issuing the certificate). If a certificate contains an instance " "of the *Subject Alternative Name* extension (see :rfc:`3280`), there will " "also be a ``subjectAltName`` key in the dictionary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1070 msgid "" "The ``subject`` and ``issuer`` fields are tuples containing the sequence of " "relative distinguished names (RDNs) given in the certificate's data " "structure for the respective fields, and each RDN is a sequence of name-" "value pairs. Here is a real-world example::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1096 msgid "" "To validate a certificate for a particular service, you can use the :func:" "`match_hostname` function." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1099 msgid "" "If the ``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`True`, and a certificate was " "provided, this method returns the DER-encoded form of the entire certificate " "as a sequence of bytes, or :const:`None` if the peer did not provide a " "certificate. Whether the peer provides a certificate depends on the SSL " "socket's role:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1105 msgid "" "for a client SSL socket, the server will always provide a certificate, " "regardless of whether validation was required;" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1108 msgid "" "for a server SSL socket, the client will only provide a certificate when " "requested by the server; therefore :meth:`getpeercert` will return :const:" "`None` if you used :const:`CERT_NONE` (rather than :const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` " "or :const:`CERT_REQUIRED`)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1113 msgid "" "The returned dictionary includes additional items such as ``issuer`` and " "``notBefore``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1117 msgid "" ":exc:`ValueError` is raised when the handshake isn't done. The returned " "dictionary includes additional X509v3 extension items such as " "``crlDistributionPoints``, ``caIssuers`` and ``OCSP`` URIs." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1124 msgid "" "Returns a three-value tuple containing the name of the cipher being used, " "the version of the SSL protocol that defines its use, and the number of " "secret bits being used. If no connection has been established, returns " "``None``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1130 msgid "" "Return the list of ciphers shared by the client during the handshake. Each " "entry of the returned list is a three-value tuple containing the name of the " "cipher, the version of the SSL protocol that defines its use, and the number " "of secret bits the cipher uses. :meth:`~SSLSocket.shared_ciphers` returns " "``None`` if no connection has been established or the socket is a client " "socket." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1141 msgid "" "Return the compression algorithm being used as a string, or ``None`` if the " "connection isn't compressed." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1144 msgid "" "If the higher-level protocol supports its own compression mechanism, you can " "use :data:`OP_NO_COMPRESSION` to disable SSL-level compression." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1151 msgid "" "Get channel binding data for current connection, as a bytes object. Returns " "``None`` if not connected or the handshake has not been completed." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1154 msgid "" "The *cb_type* parameter allow selection of the desired channel binding type. " "Valid channel binding types are listed in the :data:`CHANNEL_BINDING_TYPES` " "list. Currently only the 'tls-unique' channel binding, defined by :rfc:" "`5929`, is supported. :exc:`ValueError` will be raised if an unsupported " "channel binding type is requested." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1164 msgid "" "Return the protocol that was selected during the TLS handshake. If :meth:" "`SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols` was not called, if the other party does not " "support ALPN, if this socket does not support any of the client's proposed " "protocols, or if the handshake has not happened yet, ``None`` is returned." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1174 msgid "" "Return the higher-level protocol that was selected during the TLS/SSL " "handshake. If :meth:`SSLContext.set_npn_protocols` was not called, or if the " "other party does not support NPN, or if the handshake has not yet happened, " "this will return ``None``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1183 msgid "" "Performs the SSL shutdown handshake, which removes the TLS layer from the " "underlying socket, and returns the underlying socket object. This can be " "used to go from encrypted operation over a connection to unencrypted. The " "returned socket should always be used for further communication with the " "other side of the connection, rather than the original socket." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1191 msgid "" "Return the actual SSL protocol version negotiated by the connection as a " "string, or ``None`` is no secure connection is established. As of this " "writing, possible return values include ``\"SSLv2\"``, ``\"SSLv3\"``, ``" "\"TLSv1\"``, ``\"TLSv1.1\"`` and ``\"TLSv1.2\"``. Recent OpenSSL versions " "may define more return values." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1201 msgid "" "Returns the number of already decrypted bytes available for read, pending on " "the connection." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1206 msgid "" "The :class:`SSLContext` object this SSL socket is tied to. If the SSL " "socket was created using the top-level :func:`wrap_socket` function (rather " "than :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket`), this is a custom context object " "created for this SSL socket." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1215 msgid "" "A boolean which is ``True`` for server-side sockets and ``False`` for client-" "side sockets." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1222 msgid "" "Hostname of the server: :class:`str` type, or ``None`` for server-side " "socket or if the hostname was not specified in the constructor." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1229 msgid "" "The :class:`SSLSession` for this SSL connection. The session is available " "for client and server side sockets after the TLS handshake has been " "performed. For client sockets the session can be set before :meth:" "`~SSLSocket.do_handshake` has been called to reuse a session." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1242 msgid "SSL Contexts" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1246 msgid "" "An SSL context holds various data longer-lived than single SSL connections, " "such as SSL configuration options, certificate(s) and private key(s). It " "also manages a cache of SSL sessions for server-side sockets, in order to " "speed up repeated connections from the same clients." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1253 msgid "" "Create a new SSL context. You may pass *protocol* which must be one of the " "``PROTOCOL_*`` constants defined in this module. :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS` is " "currently recommended for maximum interoperability and default value." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1259 msgid "" ":func:`create_default_context` lets the :mod:`ssl` module choose security " "settings for a given purpose." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1264 msgid "" "The context is created with secure default values. The options :data:" "`OP_NO_COMPRESSION`, :data:`OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE`, :data:" "`OP_SINGLE_DH_USE`, :data:`OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE`, :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` (except " "for :data:`PROTOCOL_SSLv2`), and :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3` (except for :data:" "`PROTOCOL_SSLv3`) are set by default. The initial cipher suite list contains " "only ``HIGH`` ciphers, no ``NULL`` ciphers and no ``MD5`` ciphers (except " "for :data:`PROTOCOL_SSLv2`)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1274 msgid ":class:`SSLContext` objects have the following methods and attributes:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1278 msgid "" "Get statistics about quantities of loaded X.509 certificates, count of X.509 " "certificates flagged as CA certificates and certificate revocation lists as " "dictionary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1282 msgid "Example for a context with one CA cert and one other cert::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1292 msgid "" "Load a private key and the corresponding certificate. The *certfile* string " "must be the path to a single file in PEM format containing the certificate " "as well as any number of CA certificates needed to establish the " "certificate's authenticity. The *keyfile* string, if present, must point to " "a file containing the private key in. Otherwise the private key will be " "taken from *certfile* as well. See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-" "certificates` for more information on how the certificate is stored in the " "*certfile*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1301 msgid "" "The *password* argument may be a function to call to get the password for " "decrypting the private key. It will only be called if the private key is " "encrypted and a password is necessary. It will be called with no arguments, " "and it should return a string, bytes, or bytearray. If the return value is " "a string it will be encoded as UTF-8 before using it to decrypt the key. " "Alternatively a string, bytes, or bytearray value may be supplied directly " "as the *password* argument. It will be ignored if the private key is not " "encrypted and no password is needed." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1310 msgid "" "If the *password* argument is not specified and a password is required, " "OpenSSL's built-in password prompting mechanism will be used to " "interactively prompt the user for a password." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1314 msgid "" "An :class:`SSLError` is raised if the private key doesn't match with the " "certificate." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1317 msgid "New optional argument *password*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1322 msgid "" "Load a set of default \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates from " "default locations. On Windows it loads CA certs from the ``CA`` and ``ROOT`` " "system stores. On other systems it calls :meth:`SSLContext." "set_default_verify_paths`. In the future the method may load CA certificates " "from other locations, too." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1328 msgid "" "The *purpose* flag specifies what kind of CA certificates are loaded. The " "default settings :data:`Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` loads certificates, that are " "flagged and trusted for TLS web server authentication (client side " "sockets). :data:`Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH` loads CA certificates for client " "certificate verification on the server side." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1338 msgid "" "Load a set of \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates used to validate " "other peers' certificates when :data:`verify_mode` is other than :data:" "`CERT_NONE`. At least one of *cafile* or *capath* must be specified." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1342 msgid "" "This method can also load certification revocation lists (CRLs) in PEM or " "DER format. In order to make use of CRLs, :attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` " "must be configured properly." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1346 msgid "" "The *cafile* string, if present, is the path to a file of concatenated CA " "certificates in PEM format. See the discussion of :ref:`ssl-certificates` " "for more information about how to arrange the certificates in this file." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1351 msgid "" "The *capath* string, if present, is the path to a directory containing " "several CA certificates in PEM format, following an `OpenSSL specific layout " "`_." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1356 msgid "" "The *cadata* object, if present, is either an ASCII string of one or more " "PEM-encoded certificates or a :term:`bytes-like object` of DER-encoded " "certificates. Like with *capath* extra lines around PEM-encoded certificates " "are ignored but at least one certificate must be present." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1361 msgid "New optional argument *cadata*" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1366 msgid "" "Get a list of loaded \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates. If the " "``binary_form`` parameter is :const:`False` each list entry is a dict like " "the output of :meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert`. Otherwise the method returns a " "list of DER-encoded certificates. The returned list does not contain " "certificates from *capath* unless a certificate was requested and loaded by " "a SSL connection." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1374 msgid "" "Certificates in a capath directory aren't loaded unless they have been used " "at least once." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1381 msgid "" "Get a list of enabled ciphers. The list is in order of cipher priority. See :" "meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1429 msgid "On OpenSSL 1.1 and newer the cipher dict contains additional fields::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1431 msgid "Availability: OpenSSL 1.0.2+" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1437 msgid "" "Load a set of default \"certification authority\" (CA) certificates from a " "filesystem path defined when building the OpenSSL library. Unfortunately, " "there's no easy way to know whether this method succeeds: no error is " "returned if no certificates are to be found. When the OpenSSL library is " "provided as part of the operating system, though, it is likely to be " "configured properly." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1446 msgid "" "Set the available ciphers for sockets created with this context. It should " "be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format `_. If no cipher can be " "selected (because compile-time options or other configuration forbids use of " "all the specified ciphers), an :class:`SSLError` will be raised." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1454 msgid "" "when connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` method of SSL sockets will give " "the currently selected cipher." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1459 msgid "" "Specify which protocols the socket should advertise during the SSL/TLS " "handshake. It should be a list of ASCII strings, like ``['http/1.1', " "'spdy/2']``, ordered by preference. The selection of a protocol will happen " "during the handshake, and will play out according to :rfc:`7301`. After a " "successful handshake, the :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol` method " "will return the agreed-upon protocol." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1466 msgid "" "This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if :data:`HAS_ALPN` is " "False." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1469 msgid "" "OpenSSL 1.1.0 to 1.1.0e will abort the handshake and raise :exc:`SSLError` " "when both sides support ALPN but cannot agree on a protocol. 1.1.0f+ behaves " "like 1.0.2, :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol` returns None." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1477 msgid "" "Specify which protocols the socket should advertise during the SSL/TLS " "handshake. It should be a list of strings, like ``['http/1.1', 'spdy/2']``, " "ordered by preference. The selection of a protocol will happen during the " "handshake, and will play out according to the `NPN draft specification " "`_. After a " "successful handshake, the :meth:`SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol` method " "will return the agreed-upon protocol." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1485 msgid "" "This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if :data:`HAS_NPN` is " "False." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1492 msgid "" "Register a callback function that will be called after the TLS Client Hello " "handshake message has been received by the SSL/TLS server when the TLS " "client specifies a server name indication. The server name indication " "mechanism is specified in :rfc:`6066` section 3 - Server Name Indication." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1497 msgid "" "Only one callback can be set per ``SSLContext``. If *server_name_callback* " "is ``None`` then the callback is disabled. Calling this function a " "subsequent time will disable the previously registered callback." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1501 msgid "" "The callback function, *server_name_callback*, will be called with three " "arguments; the first being the :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`, the second is a " "string that represents the server name that the client is intending to " "communicate (or :const:`None` if the TLS Client Hello does not contain a " "server name) and the third argument is the original :class:`SSLContext`. The " "server name argument is the IDNA decoded server name." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1508 msgid "" "A typical use of this callback is to change the :class:`ssl.SSLSocket`'s :" "attr:`SSLSocket.context` attribute to a new object of type :class:" "`SSLContext` representing a certificate chain that matches the server name." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1513 msgid "" "Due to the early negotiation phase of the TLS connection, only limited " "methods and attributes are usable like :meth:`SSLSocket." "selected_alpn_protocol` and :attr:`SSLSocket.context`. :meth:`SSLSocket." "getpeercert`, :meth:`SSLSocket.getpeercert`, :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` and :" "meth:`SSLSocket.compress` methods require that the TLS connection has " "progressed beyond the TLS Client Hello and therefore will not contain return " "meaningful values nor can they be called safely." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1521 msgid "" "The *server_name_callback* function must return ``None`` to allow the TLS " "negotiation to continue. If a TLS failure is required, a constant :const:" "`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_* ` can be returned. " "Other return values will result in a TLS fatal error with :const:" "`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1527 msgid "" "If there is an IDNA decoding error on the server name, the TLS connection " "will terminate with an :const:`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_INTERNAL_ERROR` fatal TLS " "alert message to the client." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1531 msgid "" "If an exception is raised from the *server_name_callback* function the TLS " "connection will terminate with a fatal TLS alert message :const:" "`ALERT_DESCRIPTION_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1535 msgid "" "This method will raise :exc:`NotImplementedError` if the OpenSSL library had " "OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT defined when it was built." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1542 msgid "" "Load the key generation parameters for Diffie-Helman (DH) key exchange. " "Using DH key exchange improves forward secrecy at the expense of " "computational resources (both on the server and on the client). The *dhfile* " "parameter should be the path to a file containing DH parameters in PEM " "format." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1548 msgid "" "This setting doesn't apply to client sockets. You can also use the :data:" "`OP_SINGLE_DH_USE` option to further improve security." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1555 msgid "" "Set the curve name for Elliptic Curve-based Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key " "exchange. ECDH is significantly faster than regular DH while arguably as " "secure. The *curve_name* parameter should be a string describing a well-" "known elliptic curve, for example ``prime256v1`` for a widely supported " "curve." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1561 msgid "" "This setting doesn't apply to client sockets. You can also use the :data:" "`OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE` option to further improve security." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1564 msgid "This method is not available if :data:`HAS_ECDH` is ``False``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1569 msgid "" "`SSL/TLS & Perfect Forward Secrecy `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1570 msgid "Vincent Bernat." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1576 msgid "" "Wrap an existing Python socket *sock* and return an :class:`SSLSocket` " "object. *sock* must be a :data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` socket; other socket " "types are unsupported." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1580 msgid "" "The returned SSL socket is tied to the context, its settings and " "certificates. The parameters *server_side*, *do_handshake_on_connect* and " "*suppress_ragged_eofs* have the same meaning as in the top-level :func:" "`wrap_socket` function." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1585 msgid "" "On client connections, the optional parameter *server_hostname* specifies " "the hostname of the service which we are connecting to. This allows a " "single server to host multiple SSL-based services with distinct " "certificates, quite similarly to HTTP virtual hosts. Specifying " "*server_hostname* will raise a :exc:`ValueError` if *server_side* is true." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1591 msgid "*session*, see :attr:`~SSLSocket.session`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1593 msgid "" "Always allow a server_hostname to be passed, even if OpenSSL does not have " "SNI." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1597 ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1610 msgid "*session* argument was added." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1603 msgid "" "Create a new :class:`SSLObject` instance by wrapping the BIO objects " "*incoming* and *outgoing*. The SSL routines will read input data from the " "incoming BIO and write data to the outgoing BIO." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1607 msgid "" "The *server_side*, *server_hostname* and *session* parameters have the same " "meaning as in :meth:`SSLContext.wrap_socket`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1615 msgid "" "Get statistics about the SSL sessions created or managed by this context. A " "dictionary is returned which maps the names of each `piece of information " "`_ to their " "numeric values. For example, here is the total number of hits and misses in " "the session cache since the context was created::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1627 msgid "" "Whether to match the peer cert's hostname with :func:`match_hostname` in :" "meth:`SSLSocket.do_handshake`. The context's :attr:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` " "must be set to :data:`CERT_OPTIONAL` or :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`, and you must " "pass *server_hostname* to :meth:`~SSLContext.wrap_socket` in order to match " "the hostname." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1650 msgid "This features requires OpenSSL 0.9.8f or newer." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1654 msgid "" "An integer representing the set of SSL options enabled on this context. The " "default value is :data:`OP_ALL`, but you can specify other options such as :" "data:`OP_NO_SSLv2` by ORing them together." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1659 msgid "" "With versions of OpenSSL older than 0.9.8m, it is only possible to set " "options, not to clear them. Attempting to clear an option (by resetting the " "corresponding bits) will raise a ``ValueError``." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1663 msgid ":attr:`SSLContext.options` returns :class:`Options` flags:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1671 msgid "" "The protocol version chosen when constructing the context. This attribute " "is read-only." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1676 msgid "" "The flags for certificate verification operations. You can set flags like :" "data:`VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF` by ORing them together. By default OpenSSL does " "neither require nor verify certificate revocation lists (CRLs). Available " "only with openssl version 0.9.8+." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1683 msgid ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_flags` returns :class:`VerifyFlags` flags:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1691 msgid "" "Whether to try to verify other peers' certificates and how to behave if " "verification fails. This attribute must be one of :data:`CERT_NONE`, :data:" "`CERT_OPTIONAL` or :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1695 msgid ":attr:`SSLContext.verify_mode` returns :class:`VerifyMode` enum:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1708 msgid "Certificates" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1710 msgid "" "Certificates in general are part of a public-key / private-key system. In " "this system, each *principal*, (which may be a machine, or a person, or an " "organization) is assigned a unique two-part encryption key. One part of the " "key is public, and is called the *public key*; the other part is kept " "secret, and is called the *private key*. The two parts are related, in that " "if you encrypt a message with one of the parts, you can decrypt it with the " "other part, and **only** with the other part." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1718 msgid "" "A certificate contains information about two principals. It contains the " "name of a *subject*, and the subject's public key. It also contains a " "statement by a second principal, the *issuer*, that the subject is who he " "claims to be, and that this is indeed the subject's public key. The " "issuer's statement is signed with the issuer's private key, which only the " "issuer knows. However, anyone can verify the issuer's statement by finding " "the issuer's public key, decrypting the statement with it, and comparing it " "to the other information in the certificate. The certificate also contains " "information about the time period over which it is valid. This is expressed " "as two fields, called \"notBefore\" and \"notAfter\"." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1728 msgid "" "In the Python use of certificates, a client or server can use a certificate " "to prove who they are. The other side of a network connection can also be " "required to produce a certificate, and that certificate can be validated to " "the satisfaction of the client or server that requires such validation. The " "connection attempt can be set to raise an exception if the validation fails. " "Validation is done automatically, by the underlying OpenSSL framework; the " "application need not concern itself with its mechanics. But the application " "does usually need to provide sets of certificates to allow this process to " "take place." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1738 msgid "" "Python uses files to contain certificates. They should be formatted as \"PEM" "\" (see :rfc:`1422`), which is a base-64 encoded form wrapped with a header " "line and a footer line::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1747 msgid "Certificate chains" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1749 msgid "" "The Python files which contain certificates can contain a sequence of " "certificates, sometimes called a *certificate chain*. This chain should " "start with the specific certificate for the principal who \"is\" the client " "or server, and then the certificate for the issuer of that certificate, and " "then the certificate for the issuer of *that* certificate, and so on up the " "chain till you get to a certificate which is *self-signed*, that is, a " "certificate which has the same subject and issuer, sometimes called a *root " "certificate*. The certificates should just be concatenated together in the " "certificate file. For example, suppose we had a three certificate chain, " "from our server certificate to the certificate of the certification " "authority that signed our server certificate, to the root certificate of the " "agency which issued the certification authority's certificate::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1773 msgid "CA certificates" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1775 msgid "" "If you are going to require validation of the other side of the connection's " "certificate, you need to provide a \"CA certs\" file, filled with the " "certificate chains for each issuer you are willing to trust. Again, this " "file just contains these chains concatenated together. For validation, " "Python will use the first chain it finds in the file which matches. The " "platform's certificates file can be used by calling :meth:`SSLContext." "load_default_certs`, this is done automatically with :func:`." "create_default_context`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1784 msgid "Combined key and certificate" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1786 msgid "" "Often the private key is stored in the same file as the certificate; in this " "case, only the ``certfile`` parameter to :meth:`SSLContext.load_cert_chain` " "and :func:`wrap_socket` needs to be passed. If the private key is stored " "with the certificate, it should come before the first certificate in the " "certificate chain::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1800 msgid "Self-signed certificates" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1802 msgid "" "If you are going to create a server that provides SSL-encrypted connection " "services, you will need to acquire a certificate for that service. There " "are many ways of acquiring appropriate certificates, such as buying one from " "a certification authority. Another common practice is to generate a self-" "signed certificate. The simplest way to do this is with the OpenSSL " "package, using something like the following::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1831 msgid "" "The disadvantage of a self-signed certificate is that it is its own root " "certificate, and no one else will have it in their cache of known (and " "trusted) root certificates." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1837 msgid "Examples" msgstr "Exemples" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1840 msgid "Testing for SSL support" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1842 msgid "" "To test for the presence of SSL support in a Python installation, user code " "should use the following idiom::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1853 msgid "Client-side operation" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1855 msgid "" "This example creates a SSL context with the recommended security settings " "for client sockets, including automatic certificate verification::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1860 msgid "" "If you prefer to tune security settings yourself, you might create a context " "from scratch (but beware that you might not get the settings right)::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1869 msgid "" "(this snippet assumes your operating system places a bundle of all CA " "certificates in ``/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt``; if not, you'll get an " "error and have to adjust the location)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1873 msgid "" "When you use the context to connect to a server, :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` " "validates the server certificate: it ensures that the server certificate was " "signed with one of the CA certificates, and checks the signature for " "correctness::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1882 msgid "You may then fetch the certificate::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1886 msgid "" "Visual inspection shows that the certificate does identify the desired " "service (that is, the HTTPS host ``www.python.org``)::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1929 msgid "" "Now the SSL channel is established and the certificate verified, you can " "proceed to talk with the server::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1956 msgid "Server-side operation" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1958 msgid "" "For server operation, typically you'll need to have a server certificate, " "and private key, each in a file. You'll first create a context holding the " "key and the certificate, so that clients can check your authenticity. Then " "you'll open a socket, bind it to a port, call :meth:`listen` on it, and " "start waiting for clients to connect::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1973 msgid "" "When a client connects, you'll call :meth:`accept` on the socket to get the " "new socket from the other end, and use the context's :meth:`SSLContext." "wrap_socket` method to create a server-side SSL socket for the connection::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:1986 msgid "" "Then you'll read data from the ``connstream`` and do something with it till " "you are finished with the client (or the client is finished with you)::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2000 msgid "" "And go back to listening for new client connections (of course, a real " "server would probably handle each client connection in a separate thread, or " "put the sockets in :ref:`non-blocking mode ` and use an " "event loop)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2008 msgid "Notes on non-blocking sockets" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2010 msgid "" "SSL sockets behave slightly different than regular sockets in non-blocking " "mode. When working with non-blocking sockets, there are thus several things " "you need to be aware of:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2014 msgid "" "Most :class:`SSLSocket` methods will raise either :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` " "or :exc:`SSLWantReadError` instead of :exc:`BlockingIOError` if an I/O " "operation would block. :exc:`SSLWantReadError` will be raised if a read " "operation on the underlying socket is necessary, and :exc:" "`SSLWantWriteError` for a write operation on the underlying socket. Note " "that attempts to *write* to an SSL socket may require *reading* from the " "underlying socket first, and attempts to *read* from the SSL socket may " "require a prior *write* to the underlying socket." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2026 msgid "" "In earlier Python versions, the :meth:`!SSLSocket.send` method returned zero " "instead of raising :exc:`SSLWantWriteError` or :exc:`SSLWantReadError`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2030 msgid "" "Calling :func:`~select.select` tells you that the OS-level socket can be " "read from (or written to), but it does not imply that there is sufficient " "data at the upper SSL layer. For example, only part of an SSL frame might " "have arrived. Therefore, you must be ready to handle :meth:`SSLSocket.recv` " "and :meth:`SSLSocket.send` failures, and retry after another call to :func:" "`~select.select`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2037 msgid "" "Conversely, since the SSL layer has its own framing, a SSL socket may still " "have data available for reading without :func:`~select.select` being aware " "of it. Therefore, you should first call :meth:`SSLSocket.recv` to drain any " "potentially available data, and then only block on a :func:`~select.select` " "call if still necessary." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2043 msgid "" "(of course, similar provisions apply when using other primitives such as :" "func:`~select.poll`, or those in the :mod:`selectors` module)" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2046 msgid "" "The SSL handshake itself will be non-blocking: the :meth:`SSLSocket." "do_handshake` method has to be retried until it returns successfully. Here " "is a synopsis using :func:`~select.select` to wait for the socket's " "readiness::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2062 msgid "" "The :mod:`asyncio` module supports :ref:`non-blocking SSL sockets ` and provides a higher level API. It polls for events using " "the :mod:`selectors` module and handles :exc:`SSLWantWriteError`, :exc:" "`SSLWantReadError` and :exc:`BlockingIOError` exceptions. It runs the SSL " "handshake asynchronously as well." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2071 msgid "Memory BIO Support" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2075 msgid "" "Ever since the SSL module was introduced in Python 2.6, the :class:" "`SSLSocket` class has provided two related but distinct areas of " "functionality:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2078 msgid "SSL protocol handling" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2079 msgid "Network IO" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2081 msgid "" "The network IO API is identical to that provided by :class:`socket.socket`, " "from which :class:`SSLSocket` also inherits. This allows an SSL socket to be " "used as a drop-in replacement for a regular socket, making it very easy to " "add SSL support to an existing application." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2086 msgid "" "Combining SSL protocol handling and network IO usually works well, but there " "are some cases where it doesn't. An example is async IO frameworks that want " "to use a different IO multiplexing model than the \"select/poll on a file " "descriptor\" (readiness based) model that is assumed by :class:`socket." "socket` and by the internal OpenSSL socket IO routines. This is mostly " "relevant for platforms like Windows where this model is not efficient. For " "this purpose, a reduced scope variant of :class:`SSLSocket` called :class:" "`SSLObject` is provided." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2097 msgid "" "A reduced-scope variant of :class:`SSLSocket` representing an SSL protocol " "instance that does not contain any network IO methods. This class is " "typically used by framework authors that want to implement asynchronous IO " "for SSL through memory buffers." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2102 msgid "" "This class implements an interface on top of a low-level SSL object as " "implemented by OpenSSL. This object captures the state of an SSL connection " "but does not provide any network IO itself. IO needs to be performed through " "separate \"BIO\" objects which are OpenSSL's IO abstraction layer." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2107 msgid "" "An :class:`SSLObject` instance can be created using the :meth:`~SSLContext." "wrap_bio` method. This method will create the :class:`SSLObject` instance " "and bind it to a pair of BIOs. The *incoming* BIO is used to pass data from " "Python to the SSL protocol instance, while the *outgoing* BIO is used to " "pass data the other way around." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2113 msgid "The following methods are available:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2115 msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.context`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2116 msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.server_side`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2117 msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.server_hostname`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2118 msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.session`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2119 msgid ":attr:`~SSLSocket.session_reused`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2120 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.read`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2121 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.write`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2122 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.getpeercert`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2123 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.selected_npn_protocol`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2124 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.cipher`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2125 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.shared_ciphers`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2126 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.compression`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2127 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.pending`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2128 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2129 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.unwrap`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2130 msgid ":meth:`~SSLSocket.get_channel_binding`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2132 msgid "" "When compared to :class:`SSLSocket`, this object lacks the following " "features:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2135 msgid "" "Any form of network IO; ``recv()`` and ``send()`` read and write only to the " "underlying :class:`MemoryBIO` buffers." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2138 msgid "" "There is no *do_handshake_on_connect* machinery. You must always manually " "call :meth:`~SSLSocket.do_handshake` to start the handshake." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2141 msgid "" "There is no handling of *suppress_ragged_eofs*. All end-of-file conditions " "that are in violation of the protocol are reported via the :exc:" "`SSLEOFError` exception." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2145 msgid "" "The method :meth:`~SSLSocket.unwrap` call does not return anything, unlike " "for an SSL socket where it returns the underlying socket." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2148 msgid "" "The *server_name_callback* callback passed to :meth:`SSLContext." "set_servername_callback` will get an :class:`SSLObject` instance instead of " "a :class:`SSLSocket` instance as its first parameter." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2152 msgid "Some notes related to the use of :class:`SSLObject`:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2154 msgid "" "All IO on an :class:`SSLObject` is :ref:`non-blocking `. " "This means that for example :meth:`~SSLSocket.read` will raise an :exc:" "`SSLWantReadError` if it needs more data than the incoming BIO has available." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2159 msgid "" "There is no module-level ``wrap_bio()`` call like there is for :meth:" "`~SSLContext.wrap_socket`. An :class:`SSLObject` is always created via an :" "class:`SSLContext`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2163 msgid "" "An SSLObject communicates with the outside world using memory buffers. The " "class :class:`MemoryBIO` provides a memory buffer that can be used for this " "purpose. It wraps an OpenSSL memory BIO (Basic IO) object:" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2169 msgid "" "A memory buffer that can be used to pass data between Python and an SSL " "protocol instance." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2174 msgid "Return the number of bytes currently in the memory buffer." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2178 msgid "" "A boolean indicating whether the memory BIO is current at the end-of-file " "position." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2183 msgid "" "Read up to *n* bytes from the memory buffer. If *n* is not specified or " "negative, all bytes are returned." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2188 msgid "" "Write the bytes from *buf* to the memory BIO. The *buf* argument must be an " "object supporting the buffer protocol." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2191 msgid "" "The return value is the number of bytes written, which is always equal to " "the length of *buf*." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2196 msgid "" "Write an EOF marker to the memory BIO. After this method has been called, it " "is illegal to call :meth:`~MemoryBIO.write`. The attribute :attr:`eof` will " "become true after all data currently in the buffer has been read." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2202 msgid "SSL session" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2208 msgid "Session object used by :attr:`~SSLSocket.session`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2220 msgid "Security considerations" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2223 msgid "Best defaults" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2225 msgid "" "For **client use**, if you don't have any special requirements for your " "security policy, it is highly recommended that you use the :func:" "`create_default_context` function to create your SSL context. It will load " "the system's trusted CA certificates, enable certificate validation and " "hostname checking, and try to choose reasonably secure protocol and cipher " "settings." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2232 msgid "" "For example, here is how you would use the :class:`smtplib.SMTP` class to " "create a trusted, secure connection to a SMTP server::" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2241 msgid "" "If a client certificate is needed for the connection, it can be added with :" "meth:`SSLContext.load_cert_chain`." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2244 msgid "" "By contrast, if you create the SSL context by calling the :class:" "`SSLContext` constructor yourself, it will not have certificate validation " "nor hostname checking enabled by default. If you do so, please read the " "paragraphs below to achieve a good security level." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2250 msgid "Manual settings" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2253 msgid "Verifying certificates" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2255 msgid "" "When calling the :class:`SSLContext` constructor directly, :const:" "`CERT_NONE` is the default. Since it does not authenticate the other peer, " "it can be insecure, especially in client mode where most of time you would " "like to ensure the authenticity of the server you're talking to. Therefore, " "when in client mode, it is highly recommended to use :const:" "`CERT_REQUIRED`. However, it is in itself not sufficient; you also have to " "check that the server certificate, which can be obtained by calling :meth:" "`SSLSocket.getpeercert`, matches the desired service. For many protocols " "and applications, the service can be identified by the hostname; in this " "case, the :func:`match_hostname` function can be used. This common check is " "automatically performed when :attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname` is enabled." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2268 msgid "" "In server mode, if you want to authenticate your clients using the SSL layer " "(rather than using a higher-level authentication mechanism), you'll also " "have to specify :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` and similarly check the client " "certificate." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2274 msgid "" "In client mode, :const:`CERT_OPTIONAL` and :const:`CERT_REQUIRED` are " "equivalent unless anonymous ciphers are enabled (they are disabled by " "default)." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2279 msgid "Protocol versions" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2281 msgid "" "SSL versions 2 and 3 are considered insecure and are therefore dangerous to " "use. If you want maximum compatibility between clients and servers, it is " "recommended to use :const:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` or :const:" "`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER` as the protocol version. SSLv2 and SSLv3 are disabled " "by default." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2292 msgid "" "The SSL context created above will only allow TLSv1.2 and later (if " "supported by your system) connections to a server. :const:" "`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` implies certificate validation and hostname checks by " "default. You have to load certificates into the context." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2299 msgid "Cipher selection" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2301 msgid "" "If you have advanced security requirements, fine-tuning of the ciphers " "enabled when negotiating a SSL session is possible through the :meth:" "`SSLContext.set_ciphers` method. Starting from Python 3.2.3, the ssl module " "disables certain weak ciphers by default, but you may want to further " "restrict the cipher choice. Be sure to read OpenSSL's documentation about " "the `cipher list format `_. If you want to check which ciphers are enabled " "by a given cipher list, use :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` or the ``openssl " "ciphers`` command on your system." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2312 msgid "Multi-processing" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2314 msgid "" "If using this module as part of a multi-processed application (using, for " "example the :mod:`multiprocessing` or :mod:`concurrent.futures` modules), be " "aware that OpenSSL's internal random number generator does not properly " "handle forked processes. Applications must change the PRNG state of the " "parent process if they use any SSL feature with :func:`os.fork`. Any " "successful call of :func:`~ssl.RAND_add`, :func:`~ssl.RAND_bytes` or :func:" "`~ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes` is sufficient." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2326 msgid "Class :class:`socket.socket`" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2326 msgid "Documentation of underlying :mod:`socket` class" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2329 msgid "" "`SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: An Introduction `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2329 msgid "Intro from the Apache webserver documentation" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2332 msgid "" "`RFC 1422: Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic Mail: Part II: " "Certificate-Based Key Management `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2332 msgid "Steve Kent" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2335 msgid "" "`RFC 4086: Randomness Requirements for Security `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2335 msgid "Donald E., Jeffrey I. Schiller" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2338 msgid "" "`RFC 5280: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and " "Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2338 msgid "D. Cooper" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2341 msgid "" "`RFC 5246: The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2341 msgid "T. Dierks et. al." msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2344 msgid "" "`RFC 6066: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2344 msgid "D. Eastlake" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2347 msgid "" "`IANA TLS: Transport Layer Security (TLS) Parameters `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2347 msgid "IANA" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2350 msgid "" "`RFC 7525: Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) " "and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2350 msgid "IETF" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2352 msgid "" "`Mozilla's Server Side TLS recommendations `_" msgstr "" #: ../Doc/library/ssl.rst:2353 msgid "Mozilla" msgstr ""